Olive Schreiner (1855-1920) was a famous South African novelist and humanitarian. A remarkable and enigmatic woman, her life and work have inspired a substantial amount of research by Schreiner scholars representing a diversity of academic disciplines. They continue to speculate about the extent of her contribution to society, the degree to which she realised her potential as a writer and the nature of her psychological disturbance. Olive was chosen as the subject of this research because she was so interesting, complex and controversial. She has been the subject of numerous biographies. All have offered interpretations of her life and some have employed formal theories of psychology to do so. None has utilised explicit or established psychological research designs and methodologies. The aim of this study was to conceptualise Oliveâs life in terms of the principles of Individual Psychology, thereby providing an illuminating account of her life and offering explanations of her creativity, altruism, psychological difficulties and general personality development. Individual Psychology is the theory developed by Alfred Adler (1870-1937). It is a holistic theory, emphasising subjectivism and the creative roles of individuals in developing their lifestyles. Adlerâs work has had a significant influence on psychotherapeutic practice although he has received comparatively little recognition for his contributions to contemporary psychology. The autobiographical nature of the Adlerian concept of lifestyle and the theoryâs focus on the uniqueness of human beings means that it is well suited to the study of individual lives. The study can be described as life history research. It employed a single case, holistic design and entailed a psychobiographical study of a single subject over an entire lifespan. The research was explanatory and the method was qualitative. Two strategies for data extraction and analysis were employed. One entailed the use of theoretical propositions to identify relevant data, and the other involved the development of a descriptive framework for organising the case material. The combination of these strategies enabled the researcher to obtain evidence for key theoretical constructs throughout Oliveâs life. This type of psychobiographical research is useful in understanding rare or unique phenomena and its application to the lives of enigmatic individuals facilitates theory development and testing. The researcher concluded that Individual Psychology was well suited to conceptualising Oliveâs life, and that it offered a plausible and coherent explanation of her moral development, creativity and her psychological distress. Oliveâs lifestyle, in accordance with the tenets of Individual Psychology, was understood to be motivated by a deep sense of inferiority which she spent her life striving to overcome. To this end, and in an attempt to protect her fragile sense of self-worth, she employed particular symptoms. Most obvious were her attempts at safeguarding her self-esteem by distancing herself from lifeâs challenges. In many respects she displayed evidence of the Adlerian concept social interest, or a commitment to the welfare of others. The study of Oliveâs personality provided a positive demonstration of the value of Adlerâs theory. The validity of the construct social interest as the primary indicator of mental health was questioned. Suggestions for further research were made.

Thesis (M. A. (Information Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The study investigated the awareness towards the and utilisation of Reference Management Software (RMS) by postgraduate students in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Limpopo, South Africa. The aim of the study was to examine the awareness and usage of RMS among postgraduate students in the Faculty of Humanities. The study sought to fulfil the following objectives, namely: to describe the types of RMS available for use in university libraries; to determine awareness of RMS by postgraduate students in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Limpopo; to measure the extent to which postgraduate students in this faculty use RMS when writing academic papers; to identify the purposes for which the postgraduate students use RMS; and to identify postgraduate students’ perceptions regarding the use of RMS Quantitative research orientation though a survey research design were adopted in the study. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 320 respondents and a total number of 244 questionnaires were returned and a response rate of 76% was achieved. The findings of the study show that most of the respondents (59%) were aware of the RMS. Most of the postgraduate students became familiar with the software through attending library training. However, the study found that the usage of RMS was low as 45% postgraduate students indicated that they have used RMS before whilst, 55% indicated that they have never used the RMS before. RefWorks remains the most popular used software among postgraduate students. Most of the respondents’ reason for using RMS amongst others was because they have received training, and some mentioned the fact that it was the only RMS they were familiar with. The study also found that the respondents use RMS to cite sources for assignments, research and papers, as well as to create reference list and collect and organise citations. The study revealed that the respondents like RMS because it assists and improves referencing. The study recommends for an intensified library training by academic librarians so that students should know advanced features of the RMS.

Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde und Carl Schmitt zählen zu den bedeutendsten Staatsrechtlern ihrer Zeit. Eine Verbindung zwischen beiden Staatstheoretikern bestand in einer engen persönlichen Beziehung. Die vorliegende Abhandlung geht der Forschungsfrage nach, ob sich hieraus auch Berührungspunkte zwischen den Staatstheorien der beiden Staatsrechtler ableiten lassen und arbeitet mit diesem Ziel Analogien, aber auch notwendigerweise Diskrepanzen zwischen dem Denken des liberalen Staatsrechtlers Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde in Bezug auf den konservativen Staatstheoretiker Carl Schmitt heraus. Am Ende soll die Frage beantwortet werden, ob es möglich ist, die von Carl Schmitt in seinem Hauptwerk ‚Der Begriff des Politischen‘ niedergelegten Ideen vom Staate (teilweise) liberal zu rezipieren. / Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde and Carl Schmitt count among the most prominent experts for constitutional law within their eras. The two theoreticians were connected by an intensive personal relation. Thus, the research issue of the present thesis consists on the exploration of the possibility to also deduce interrelations between the theories on the state of both scientists. For this reason analogies but also necessarily discrepancies within the ways of thinking of the liberal expert for constitutional law Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde in comparison to the conservative state theoretician Carl Schmitt are elaborated. In conclusion, the question shall be answered, whether it is possible to receive the ideas on the state of Carl Schmitt outlined in his major oeuvre ‘The Notion of Politics’ (partly) in a liberal way.

Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde und Carl Schmitt zählen zu den bedeutendsten Staatsrechtlern ihrer Zeit. Eine Verbindung zwischen beiden Staatstheoretikern bestand in einer engen persönlichen Beziehung. Die vorliegende Abhandlung geht der Forschungsfrage nach, ob sich hieraus auch Berührungspunkte zwischen den Staatstheorien der beiden Staatsrechtler ableiten lassen und arbeitet mit diesem Ziel Analogien, aber auch notwendigerweise Diskrepanzen zwischen dem Denken des liberalen Staatsrechtlers Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde in Bezug auf den konservativen Staatstheoretiker Carl Schmitt heraus. Am Ende soll die Frage beantwortet werden, ob es möglich ist, die von Carl Schmitt in seinem Hauptwerk ‚Der Begriff des Politischen‘ niedergelegten Ideen vom Staate (teilweise) liberal zu rezipieren. / Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde and Carl Schmitt count among the most prominent experts for constitutional law within their eras. The two theoreticians were connected by an intensive personal relation. Thus, the research issue of the present thesis consists on the exploration of the possibility to also deduce interrelations between the theories on the state of both scientists. For this reason analogies but also necessarily discrepancies within the ways of thinking of the liberal expert for constitutional law Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde in comparison to the conservative state theoretician Carl Schmitt are elaborated. In conclusion, the question shall be answered, whether it is possible to receive the ideas on the state of Carl Schmitt outlined in his major oeuvre ‘The Notion of Politics’ (partly) in a liberal way.