Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Marques de Mendonca.pdf: 845535 bytes, checksum: 668ae8796a8ad81784166717cbbe69bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-28 / After the period of monetary stabilization started with the Real Plan in 1994 , the credit market has shown annual growth rates of 20 %. About 40 % of this growth came from the credit market for individuals . This paper analyzed the profile of the families who have credit expenses, and what changes in their characteristics can cause any effect in their propensity to take credit . For this purpose we applied binary logit choice model based on microdata from the Household Budget Survey (POF 2008 / 09 ) of the IBGE, in an attempt to measure the probability of the family take a loan. For this, we used categorical variables relating to the constitution of families, such as education level, sex, race and age of household head, and other information on the composition of household expenditures found in POF. The data suggest that the two most important factors to increase the likelihood of family borrowing is the age of the household head and income per capita. However other factors also contribute significantly, such as the existence of financial investment spending , expend with reform the household or even health spending, children's age, sex, race and education of household head / Após o período de estabilização monetária iniciado com o Plano Real em 1994, o mercado de crédito brasileiro vem apresentando taxas de crescimento anuais nominais acima de 20%. Cerca de 40% deste crescimento advêm do mercado de crédito direcionado às pessoas físicas. Neste trabalho é analisado o perfil das famílias que possuem despesas com crédito, e quais mudanças em suas características podem causar alterações em sua propensão a tomar crédito. Para tal objetivo foi aplicado o modelo de escolha binária logit à base dos microdados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar (POF 2008/09) do IBGE, na tentativa de mensurar a probabilidade da família ser tomadora de crédito. Para tanto, são usadas variáveis categóricas referentes à constituição das famílias, como: grau de escolaridade, sexo, raça e idade do chefe da família, além de outras informações sobre a composição das despesas familiares encontradas na POF. Os dados sugerem que os fatores mais relevantes a aumentar a probabilidade da família tomar empréstimos são a idade do chefe da família e a renda per capita. No entanto outros fatores também contribuem significativamente, tais como a existência de gastos com aplicação financeira, gastos com reforma do domicílio ou mesmo com saúde emergencial, idade dos filhos, sexo, raça e educação do chefe da família

A busca por alimentos provenientes de sistemas de produção sustentáveis, como por exemplo, os métodos orgânicos de produção é uma tendência que vem se fortalecendo mundialmente. Mudanças nos hábitos alimentares têm sido observadas, revelando a complexidade dos modelos de consumo e de seus fatores determinantes. Sendo assim, este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos orgânicos no Brasil. Utilizou-se como base de dados informações contidas na Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF 2008- 2009), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) sobre aquisições de alimentos e bebidas orgânicos. Os resultados revelam comportamentos distintos na aquisição de alimentos orgânicos entre os brasileiros, quando são discriminados de acordo com as regiões e situação do domicílio (urbano ou rural). Os valores de disponibilidade (média) domiciliar foram superiores entre as famílias residentes nas áreas rurais, notadamente entre as regiões Sul e Centro- Oeste. Nota-se a relação existente entre as condições socioculturais que privilegia a perspectiva ligada à renda, havendo tendência de aumento sistemático de alimentos orgânicos, conforme ocorre crescimento dos rendimentos. Os resultados revelam ainda que quanto menor o número de moradores por domicílio, independente da região, maior a disponibilidade alimentar de orgânicos. Em relação aos grupos alimentares, merece destaque a maior participação do grupo dos laticínios, principalmente entre as famílias residentes nas áreas rurais. Os dados relativos à disponibilidade per capita de energia e participação dos macronutrientes e micronutrientes oriunda dos alimentos orgânicos no Valor Energético Total - VET revelou reduzida contribuição para a totalidade das regiões brasileiras. Quanto às características sociodemográficas das famílias, verifica-se que com o aumento da renda registra-se crescimento na disponibilidade de orgânicos nos domicílios com chefe/responsável do sexo feminino. A maior propensão ao consumo é verificada entre pessoas mais velhas (60 anos ou mais) e com nível de escolaridade superior incompleto. Paralelamente, verificou-se a reduzida quantidade média disponível para a totalidade das famílias brasileiras. / The search for food from sustainable production systems, for example, the organic methods of production, is a trend which rises worldwide. Changes in dietary habits had been observed, showing the complexity of consumption patterns and their corresponding determinant factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to report the household availability of organic food in Brazil. This work was based on information available on Family Budget Research (POF 2008-2009), carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) about food acquisition for household consumption. The results showed distinct behavior regarding organic food acquisition between Brazilians, which are discriminated accordingly with different regions and household situation (rural or urban). The household availability values (mean) was higher between families located in rural regions, remarkably between South and Middle-West regions. It can be observed a relationship between socio-cultural conditions which allows the perspectives related to income, with systematic rising trend of organic food, when income growth occurs. Also, the results suggested that as lower the numbers of dwellers, independent of region, the household availability of organic foods are increased. Regarding the dietary groups, more emphasis was given about the major contribution of dairy group, mainly within family household in rural areas. Data related to per capita availability of energy and contribution of macronutrients and micronutrients derived from organic food on Total Energy Value showed reduced contribution for totality of the Brazilian regions. About the family socio-demographic features, it was observed an increasing income promoted by a rising availability in households which are headed by women. The major consumption propensity was verified between elderly individuals (60 years old or more) and with incomplete higher education. In addition, it was found the reduced average amount available for totality of Brazilian families.

The goal of this thesis is to describe a complex financial plan of a family using all available products on the Czech financial market. The thesis is especially aimed at sources of possible family budget reserves and alternatives of backing life insurances using offers of local insurance companies. First of all you can find simple definition of life time cycle. Based on this cycle I try to describe any differences in needs, which may help to fulfill wishes and priorities that may come up during different life periods. There is a detailed explanation of basics and characteristics of particular components of family financial plan in the following chapters. After these theoretical chapters you can find a comparison of financial products suitable for securing sufficient retirement savings. Following chapters include analysis of risk insurance products with comparison of real existing offers on the Czech insurance market (based on price and specifics of insurance contract conditions).

A busca por alimentos provenientes de sistemas de produção sustentáveis, como por exemplo, os métodos orgânicos de produção é uma tendência que vem se fortalecendo mundialmente. Mudanças nos hábitos alimentares têm sido observadas, revelando a complexidade dos modelos de consumo e de seus fatores determinantes. Sendo assim, este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos orgânicos no Brasil. Utilizou-se como base de dados informações contidas na Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF 2008- 2009), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) sobre aquisições de alimentos e bebidas orgânicos. Os resultados revelam comportamentos distintos na aquisição de alimentos orgânicos entre os brasileiros, quando são discriminados de acordo com as regiões e situação do domicílio (urbano ou rural). Os valores de disponibilidade (média) domiciliar foram superiores entre as famílias residentes nas áreas rurais, notadamente entre as regiões Sul e Centro- Oeste. Nota-se a relação existente entre as condições socioculturais que privilegia a perspectiva ligada à renda, havendo tendência de aumento sistemático de alimentos orgânicos, conforme ocorre crescimento dos rendimentos. Os resultados revelam ainda que quanto menor o número de moradores por domicílio, independente da região, maior a disponibilidade alimentar de orgânicos. Em relação aos grupos alimentares, merece destaque a maior participação do grupo dos laticínios, principalmente entre as famílias residentes nas áreas rurais. Os dados relativos à disponibilidade per capita de energia e participação dos macronutrientes e micronutrientes oriunda dos alimentos orgânicos no Valor Energético Total - VET revelou reduzida contribuição para a totalidade das regiões brasileiras. Quanto às características sociodemográficas das famílias, verifica-se que com o aumento da renda registra-se crescimento na disponibilidade de orgânicos nos domicílios com chefe/responsável do sexo feminino. A maior propensão ao consumo é verificada entre pessoas mais velhas (60 anos ou mais) e com nível de escolaridade superior incompleto. Paralelamente, verificou-se a reduzida quantidade média disponível para a totalidade das famílias brasileiras. / The search for food from sustainable production systems, for example, the organic methods of production, is a trend which rises worldwide. Changes in dietary habits had been observed, showing the complexity of consumption patterns and their corresponding determinant factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to report the household availability of organic food in Brazil. This work was based on information available on Family Budget Research (POF 2008-2009), carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) about food acquisition for household consumption. The results showed distinct behavior regarding organic food acquisition between Brazilians, which are discriminated accordingly with different regions and household situation (rural or urban). The household availability values (mean) was higher between families located in rural regions, remarkably between South and Middle-West regions. It can be observed a relationship between socio-cultural conditions which allows the perspectives related to income, with systematic rising trend of organic food, when income growth occurs. Also, the results suggested that as lower the numbers of dwellers, independent of region, the household availability of organic foods are increased. Regarding the dietary groups, more emphasis was given about the major contribution of dairy group, mainly within family household in rural areas. Data related to per capita availability of energy and contribution of macronutrients and micronutrients derived from organic food on Total Energy Value showed reduced contribution for totality of the Brazilian regions. About the family socio-demographic features, it was observed an increasing income promoted by a rising availability in households which are headed by women. The major consumption propensity was verified between elderly individuals (60 years old or more) and with incomplete higher education. In addition, it was found the reduced average amount available for totality of Brazilian families.

This thesis focuses on the possible options for pension reform in the Czech Republic and their impact on family budgets, both in terms of payments in the economically active age, and then from the amount of pension at retirement age. In the theoretical (methodological) part are several possible scenarios of pension reform chosen from proposals to the Czech Republic and from the pension systems applied abroad too. There are described the main pillars and main differences between them and of course the difference from the current state of pension system in the Czech Republic. The entire chapter is devoted to the current state of pension system, because it is the starting point for each of the reforms. After describing all options of pension reforms in the theoretical (methodological) part, we focus on the practical part. There are described several model participants and for each participant are calculated present payments and future revenues, which depends on the variant of the reform. According to this testing we search for such a pension reform, that would be the best across social and income groups. At the end is this testing evaluated and the results of the entire work interpreted.

Financial literacy is a topic of the day which concerns all the categories of the population in their everyday life. The thesis titled Financial Literacy of Refuge Clients tries to describe the theme of financial literacy from two points of view. On one hand, from the viewpoint of people who, for various reasons, have become clients of refuge and on the other hand, from the viewpoint of social workers who work in refuge. The theoretical part is divided into four subchapters which describe a given issue. An explanation of the basic terminology related to the topic is followed by a subchapter on financial education of children and adults and activities in the field of education. The third subchapter deals with potential effects of financial literacy and the end of the theoretical part focuses on social work with refuge clients. The practical part describes a research which consists of two parts. To achieve the defined goal, a qualitative research has been employed in both parts, using the survey method and the semi-structured interview technique. The document contents analysis was used in the second part of the research. The survey research was carried out in five refuge of Diaconia of the Evangelical Church of the Czech Brethren. The first part of the survey involved fifteen communication partners, users of the refuge as a social service. The second part of the survey involved five communication partners, social workers in refuge. Both survey samples were created by a special-purpose selection. The data gathered in the interviews were evaluated by means of the open coding method. The main goal of the thesis was to find out how refuge clients view their own financial literacy and a potential for improvement in this respect. A sub-goal of the thesis focused on learning viewpoints of the social workers regarding the potential for improving financial literacy of the refuge clients. The survey results have shown that the category of financial literacy within the meaning as defined in literature is not represented in the refuge clients. With regard to their generally difficult situation which also includes their financial situation, the category of financial literacy narrowed to the efforts to make both ends meet at the end of the month and to the question whether or not to deal with financial claims, debts or distraints. This is the setting which has to be the basis for work of social workers in refuge as well. There exists a wide-ranging offer of potential paths leading to financial literacy for all categories of the population, regardless their address. Leaving aside education at school, getting further information is optional, conditioned by everybody's own interest. To increase financial literacy of the clients, social workers may choose from many options, or use their own knowledge and skills. The main prerequisite for success is to adapt themselves to the clients' interest and capabilities. The thesis describes attitudes of refuge clients to financial literacy issues which are identical to the attitudes of this specific category of the population to addressing their difficult financial situation. Social workers become aware of additional possibilities of financial literacy improvement which they can use when working with their clients. Based on the survey results obtained, a comprehensible leaflet has been prepared, containing the essential information about financial literacy. The leaflet in both electronic and printed version will be available for those interested in it, i.e. refuge clients, social workers as well as the general public.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:08:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71050100647.pdf: 1099460 bytes, checksum: 66dd2618070b80178bdc12169ac39af6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-23T00:00:00Z / It is becoming more and more recognizable that different family budget categories dispute the limited resources of a family. This suggests a broader and more systemic competition view, once consumer spending on a determined sector may be better understood if related to other sectors. Thus, it is reasonable to concentrate studies in the manifestation of the buyer behavior, expressed by the family budget, whereas priority/vital-based decisions are established according to how the consumers distribute their resources in great categories of expenses (food, housing, transportation, clothing, leisure etc). In this context, the main objective of this research is outlined, which is to investigate the phenomenon of the allocation of such expenses that compose the family budget, identifying patterns, market segmentation and its implication in Marketing. The theoretical referential is divided in three great parts: market segmentation, family budget, and the economic and socio-demographic factors that relate to the family budget. Maslow’s Classic Hierarchy of Needs is approached, along with themes from economics literature such as Engel’s Law and Income-elasticity of Demand. Using data collected from a sample of families in the State of São Paulo and applying Cluster Analysis, this study aims to bring a perspective that is more influenced by the paradigms of the market knowledge by identifying and characterizing market segments with distinctive patterns of family budget. A taxonomy based on six patterns was formed, which are: survival, ill, economic, domestic, well being and automobile. Each pattern analysis enhances economic and socio-demographic similarities and differences that demand the attention of researchers and marketing strategists concerning the generalization problems, which may result in mistakes in market segmentation strategies. Discussions concerning the Maslow’s Theory and Engel’s law are made. Furthermore, taxonomy of family expenses classified by the income-elasticity among the six identified family budget patterns is proposed. This taxonomy helps clarify changes in consuming behavior according to the impact in income alterations in the composition of the family budget. Finally, results reinforce the thesis that patterns in family expenses allocation present an innovative and useful dimension for studies in market segmentation. / Cada vez mais se reconhece que as diferentes categorias do orçamento familiar disputam recursos limitados de uma família. Isto sugere uma visão mais ampla e sistêmica de concorrência, já que os gastos dos consumidores em um determinado setor poderão ser melhor compreendidos se relacionados com os de outros setores. Faz sentido, então, concentrar estudos na própria manifestação do comportamento de compra, expressa pelo orçamento familiar, visto que as decisões mais prioritárias (vitais) estão estabelecidas na forma como o consumidor distribui seus recursos nas grandes categorias de despesa (alimentação, habitação, transporte, vestuário, lazer etc). Neste contexto delineia-se o principal objetivo desta tese que é investigar o fenômeno da alocação de despesas que compõem o orçamento familiar, identificando padrões, segmentos de mercado e suas implicações para o Marketing. O referencial teórico divide-se em três grandes partes: a segmentação de mercado, o orçamento familiar e os fatores econômicos e sócio-demográficos que se relacionam com o orçamento familiar. A clássica Hierarquia das Necessidades de Maslow é abordada, além de temas oriundos da literatura de economia como as Leis de Engel e elasticidade-renda da demanda. Utilizando dados de uma amostra de famílias do estado de São Paulo e valendo-se da técnica de análise de agrupamentos, a tese busca trazer um olhar mais influenciado pelos paradigmas do conhecimento mercadológico por meio da identificação e caracterização de segmentos de mercado com padrões distintos de orçamento familiar. Foi construída uma taxonomia composta por seis padrões assim nomeados: sobrevivência, enfermo, econômico, caseiro, bem-estar e automotor. A análise do perfil de cada padrão ressalta semelhanças e diferenças econômicas e sócio-demográficas que exigem a atenção dos pesquisadores e estrategistas de marketing quanto aos problemas de generalização, podendo resultar em erros nas estratégias de segmentação de mercado. Discussões dos resultados são tecidas a respeito da Teoria de Maslow e das Leis de Engel. Além disso, é proposta uma taxonomia de despesas familiares classificadas pelas elasticidades-renda entre os seis padrões de orçamento familiar identificados. Esta taxonomia ajuda a clarear as mudanças no comportamento de consumo segundo o impacto das alterações de renda na composição do orçamento familiar. Por fim, os resultados reforçam a tese de que padrões de alocação das despesas familiares se apresentam como uma dimensão inovadora e útil para os estudos de segmentação de mercado.

This thesis discusses housing issues and its solutions in a village named Kobylí. The theoretical part focuses on introducing the issues by defining basic concepts related to housing, local real estate market and evaluating feasibility of projects. The thesis provides an overview of current as well as historic data and graphs related to housing. In the practical part, a feasibility study is presented and focuses on an economic evaluation of a construction of a new apartment building in Kobylí, followed by requirements assessment such as an effectiveness of critical variables and a crucial input value from the investor's point of view. Lastly, this thesis identifies and defines new tenants of the building which is offering appartemnts, and evaluates whether the tenants can afford housing in their new apartment.