• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 9
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 18
  • 18
  • 7
  • 5
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Cooling Fan Optimization for Heavy Electrified Vehicles : A study on performance and noise / Kylfläktoptimering för Tunga Elektrifierade Fordon : En studie om prestanda och buller

Khiabani, Amir, Acebo Alanis, Daniel January 2020 (has links)
Vehicle electrification plays a significant role in the effort to reduce the environmental impact of the automotive industry. Scania is one of the leading manufacturers ofheavy vehicles which is currently moving towards a sustainable transport system by manufacturing a new generation of heavy vehicles powered by batteries. Oneof the major concerns with these vehicles is related to the noise generated by the electric axial fans used in the cooling system. This project was conducted with thepurpose of investigating the factors that positively affect both noise and performance in the electric fans. Based on two different blade design methods and several noisecontrol techniques, 11 fan models were developed. The fan models created with design method 1 are equipped with cambered-plate blades, while the models madewith design method 2 consist of airfoil-shaped blades. Moreover, the performance of these models was analyzed by using theoretical methods and Computational FluidDynamics (CFD). In addition, two empirical approaches were used to estimate the acoustic energy emitted by the fan models. Furthermore, the developed modelswere compared with two commercially available fans. It was found that both design methods provide similar performance in low pressure differences. On the other hand,the efficiency and acoustic energy are influenced by the choice of the noise control methods. / Fordonselektrifiering har en väsentlig roll i arbetet med att minska bilindustrins miljöpåverkan. Scania är en av de ledande tillverkarna av tunga fordon som för närvarandegår mot ett hållbart transportsystem, genom att tillverka en ny generation tunga fordon drivna med batterier. Ett stort bekymmer med dessa fordon är relaterattill det ljud som genereras av de elektriska axialfläktarna som används i kylsystemet. Detta projekt genomfördes i syfte till att undersöka de faktorer som positivtpåverkar både buller och prestanda hos de elektriska fläktarna. Baserat på två olika bladdesignmetoder och flera brusstyrningstekniker, utvecklades 11 fläktmodeller.Fläktmodellerna som är utformade med konstruktionsmetod 1 är utrustade med krökformade plattor, medan modellerna som skapades med designmetod 2 bestårav vingprofil blad. Dessutom analyserades prestandan för dessa modeller med användning av teoretiska metoder och strömningsmekaniska beräkningar. Ytterligaretvå empiriska tillvägagångssätt användes för att uppskatta den akustiska energin som släppts ut av fläktmodellerna. Utöver det jämfördes de utvecklade modellernamed två kommersiellt tillgängliga fläktar. Detta visade att båda konstruktionsmetoderna resulterar i liknande prestanda vid lågtrycksskillnader, däremot påverkasverkningsgraden och den akustiska energin av valet av brusstyrningsmetoder.
12

In-duct beamforming and mode detection using a circular microphone array for the characterisation of broadband aeroengine fan noise. / Beamforming e análise modal em duto utilizando arranjo circular de microfones para caracterização de ruído banda-larga em motores aeronáuticos turbo-fan.

Caldas, Luciano Coutinho 16 May 2016 (has links)
The development of technologies to reduce turbofan engine noise reveals the fan noise, the first stage of an engine, as a great contributor for the total noise of an airplane. So a better understanding of the fan noise generation came up and motivated the construction of a fan rig test facility at the University of São Paulo in São Carlos by a partnership between the university and EMBRAER S.A.. The fan rig is composed of a long duct (12mlong) comprising a 16-bladed fan rotor and 14-vaned stator. The rotor is powered by an 100 hp electrical motor allowing speed up to 4250 RPM resulting in 0.1Mach axial flow. A 77-microphone wall-mounted array was designed for fan noise analysis. A cooperation with NASA-Glenn allowed data and information exchanging from their similar fan rig setup, the ANCF, grating then the validation of the in-house developed software. A short guide for duct-array is proposed in this work. Complex software was developed to process the data from the microphones array. We performed 3 different types of analysis: power spectral density, noise imaging obtained by acoustic beamforming and modal analysis.We proposed a different technique for modal analysis based on beamforming images in this work.We did not find any similar technique in the references. The results obtained by this technique were validated with data from ANCF-NASA. Comparative results are presented for both fan rigs, such as: power spectral densities for different fan speeds, modal analysis at the blade passing frequency (strong tones generated by the fan), noise imaging obtained by beamforming for rotating and static noise sources. Finally, results achieved in this work are in agreement with those observed in the references consulted. / Como desenvolver de tecnologias para redução de ruído de motores aeronáuticos turbofans, o ruído gerado pelo fan (primeiro estágio do motor) vem se mostrando cada vez mais um grande contribuinte na emissão total de ruído em um avião. Com isso, a necessidade de se estudar mecanismos geradores de ruído nestes motores veio à tona e motivou a construção de uma bancada de experimentos aero-acústicos junto àUniversidade de São Paulo, campus São Carlos, oriundo da parceria entre EMBRAER S.A. e Universidade de São Paulo. A bancada de ensaios compõe um conjunto rotor/estator, sendo que o fan (rotor) é equipado com 16 pás e a estatora 14 pás, conectado a um motor elétrico de 100 hp através de um eixo ao rotor, alcançando 4250 RPM com velocidade de escoamento axial médio de 0,1 Mach. Esta bancada é composta por um longo duto e a seção de ensaio com o fan localiza-se ao centro. Uma antena dispondo de 77 microfones foi especialmente projetada para fazer aquisição do ruído gerado pelo fan. Uma parceria com a NASA-Glenn possibilitou a troca de informações e dados experimentais de sua bancada de experimentos similar (ANCF) ajudando assim a validar os códigos desenvolvidos bem como comparar resultados para ambas as bancadas. Umpequeno roteiro para projeto de antena para análise modal e beamforming em duto é apresentado neste trabalho. Um complexo software foi desenvolvido a fim de processar sistematicamente os dados aquisitados pelos microfones da antena. Três tipos de análise são feitas: Via espectro densidade de potência; Imagem de ruído acústico obtido através da técnica de beamforming, e por último, análise modal. Uma técnica diferente para análise modal baseada em imagens obtidas através de beamforming é proposta neste trabalho. Nada similar foi encontrado nas referências consultadas. Os resultados foram validados com dados de fontes sintéticas produzidas pela bancada ANCF-NASA. Resultados comparativos para ambas as bancadas são exibidas neste trabalho, tais quais: Análise do espectro densidade de potência para diferentes rotações do fan; análise modal nas frequências de passagem das pás (forte ruído tonal gerado pelo fan); imagem acústica do ruído gerado tanto por fontes rotativas quanto para fontes estáticas. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com o esperado e de antemão observados nas referências consultadas.
13

Experimental analysis of fan noise and performance at the EESC-USP Fan Rig Workbench / Análise experimental de ruído e performance de fan na bancada EESC-USP Fan Rig Workbench

Rocamora Junior, Bernardo Martínez 08 February 2019 (has links)
The study of turbofan aeroacoustics has become important in academia and industry as noise from other aircraft sources, as jet noise, have been reduced. The EESC-USP Fan Rig is a long-duct low-speed fan experimental setup recently built at the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of the University of São Paulo. The objective is to provide a facility for studying fan aeroacoustics with a flexible configuration that allows changes in operational conditions and geometry of the rig so that each of the noise sources can be treated separately. In this work, three experimental campaign were taken aiming to extend the knowledge of this workbench capabilities and to observe the effect that some parameters can have on noise generation. A performance campaign was carried out to characterise the effects of controllable parameters on the aerodynamic characteristics of the flow. Starting from unrestricted flow to 70% area constraint, and a range of fan speeds, several flow measurements that could be translated into performance quantities were taken: volume flow rate, fan total and static pressures, compression ratio, total and net power, and efficiency. The measured compression ratio ranged from 1.00 to 1.02, with maximum axial Mach of 0.13 and maximum total efficiency of 65%. The surge effect, an unstable configuration characterised by rotor blades stall was also observed. Significant differences in fan performance due to the installation of an Inlet Control Device (ICD) and the rotor-stator spacing were not found, except under surge conditions. A parametric campaign was carried out exploring the effects of fan rotational speed, fan loading and rotor-stator spacing. Acoustic measurements were taken using an array of 77 wall-mounted microphones to provide a baseline data set for future comparisons. Hereby, data was processed to obtain the modal decomposition and power spectrum for each configuration. The last proved useful to compare tonal and broadband noise for each configuration. Experimental results indicate that changes in fan rotational speed scale noise generation mechanisms proportionally, do not affect noise spectral shape, and in consequence, are not useful to distinguish noise mechanisms. Although throttling does not seem to exhibit a clear effect on fan noise, it turns out that it is a good approach for cross-comparisons of other parameters\' effect on fan noise, because of its direct modification on the flow structure within the duct. Results also showed that increasing rotor-stator spacing reduces both blade passing frequencies tone levels and the acoustic power of the interaction modes, which are in agreement with results obtained by similar test facilities. In this work a instrumented stator vane was designed using recently available technologies, as 3D printing and the use of MEMS microphones, to measure this pressure fluctuations. Phase-averaging and the signal from a hall sensor were used to separate broadband content in time series. Broadband level distribution were analysed for two span lines of the instrumented stator vane and for a reference microphone located in the inlet antenna. Broadband levels increased with the increase in fan speed and its distribution over these span lines maintained its shape for different speeds. Cross-correlation of the microphones were calculated and showed decay of zero-delay cross-correlation with increase in distance between microphones over the vane. And, finally, the integral length scale, obtained by the integration of zero-delay cross-correlation curve, showed decay with increase in fan speed. The data generated by this work showed good agreements with what was expected from the literature and will help as input data to the semi-analytical and semi-empirical models that are being developed in parallel by the research group. / O estudo da aeroacústica de fan tornou-se importante na academia e na indústria à medida que o ruído de outras fontes nas aeronaves, como o ruído de jato, foram reduzidas. O EESCUSP Fan Rig é um túnel de vento aeroacústico voltado para fans de baixa velocidade, que foi construído recentemente no Departamento de Engenharia Aeronáutica da Universidade de São Paulo. Seu objetivo é prover uma bancada experimental para o estudo dos mecanismos de geração de ruído de fan com uma configuração flexível que permita mudanças nas condições operacionais e geométricas de forma a isolar tanto quanto possível cada uma das fontes. Neste trabalho foram realizadas três campanhas experimentais visando aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre as capacidades da bancada e observar os efeitos no ruído que algumas variações paramétricas podem gerar. Uma campanha de performance de fan foi realizada para quantificar os efeitos dos parâmetros controláveis sobre o as características aerodinâmicas do escoamento. Partindo de escoamento sem restrição até restrição de área de 70%, e para diversas velocidades de rotação do fan, diversas medidas do escoamento foram feitas para que se pudesse calcular as métricas de performance: vazão volumétrica, pressão total e estática do fan, taxa de compressão, potência útil, potência elétrica de entrada e eficiência. Os resultados apontaram para uma taxa de compressão entre 1.0 e 1.02, com Mach axial máximo de 0.13 e eficiência máxima de 65%. Os efeitos de \"surge\", uma configuração instável caracterizada pelo estol das pás do rotor também foi observado. Diferenças significativas na performance do fan devido à instalação de uma Inlet Control Device (ICD) e pelo espaçamento entre rotor e estator não foram encontradas, com exceção em condições de \"surge\". Uma campanha paramétrica para estudo de ruído foi realizada explorando os efeitos da velocidade de rotação e carregamento no fan, espaçamento entre rotor-estator e condição de entrada do escoamento no duto. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do espaçamento do rotor-estator reduz os níveis tonais nas frequências de passagem das pás (BPFs) a uma taxa de aproximadamente 4dB quanto o espaçamento é duplicado. Os resultados experimentais indicam que as mudanças nos mecanismos de geração de ruído com a velocidade rotacional do fan escalam-se proporcionalmente, não afetam a forma espectral do ruído e, por consequência, não são úteis para distinguir os mecanismos de ruído. Embora a variação no carregamento não pareça exibir um efeito claro no ruído do fan, verifica-se que é uma boa abordagem para comparações cruzadas, em conjunto com a velocidade de rotação, do efeito de outros parâmetros no ruído do fan, já que, desta forma, é possível fazer uma modificação direta na estrutura do escoamento dentro do duto. Os modos Tyler-Sofrin, esperados pela contagem de pás e aletas usadas no conjunto rotor-estator, foram identificados e a potência acústica desses modos de interação acompanham a potências dos respectivos tons no espectro, levando à conclusão que a maior contribuição para o ruído tonal é, de fato, a interação rotor-estator. Também neste trabalho, também foi projetada uma aleta de estator instrumentada, usando tecnologias recentemente disponíveis, como a impressão 3D e o uso de microfones MEMS, para realizar medições de flutuação de pressão na superfície superior da aleta. Um método de processamento de sinal foi desenvolvido, usando a técnica de \"phase averaging\" combinada com o sinal de um sensor Hall para separar o conteúdo de banda larga em séries temporais. A distribuição do nível de ruido banda larga foi analisado para duas linhas na envergadura da aleta instrumentada e em um microfone de referência localizado na antena de microfones. Os níveis de banda larga aumentaram com o aumento da velocidade do fan e a sua distribuição ao longo destas linhas de alcance manteve a sua forma para diferentes velocidades. As correlações cruzadas dos microfones foram calculadas e mostraram o decaimento da correlação cruzada de zero-atraso com o aumento da distância entre os microfones sobre a aleta. Finalmente, a integral do comprimento de escala, obtida pela integração da curva de correlação cruzada de zero-atraso, apresentou decaimento com aumento na velocidade do fan. Os dados gerados por esse trabalho se mostraram de acordo com o esperado na literatura da área e servem de dados de entrada para modelos semi-empíricos e semi-analíticos que vem sendo desenvolvidos paralelamente pelo grupo de pesquisa.
14

In-duct beamforming and mode detection using a circular microphone array for the characterisation of broadband aeroengine fan noise. / Beamforming e análise modal em duto utilizando arranjo circular de microfones para caracterização de ruído banda-larga em motores aeronáuticos turbo-fan.

Luciano Coutinho Caldas 16 May 2016 (has links)
The development of technologies to reduce turbofan engine noise reveals the fan noise, the first stage of an engine, as a great contributor for the total noise of an airplane. So a better understanding of the fan noise generation came up and motivated the construction of a fan rig test facility at the University of São Paulo in São Carlos by a partnership between the university and EMBRAER S.A.. The fan rig is composed of a long duct (12mlong) comprising a 16-bladed fan rotor and 14-vaned stator. The rotor is powered by an 100 hp electrical motor allowing speed up to 4250 RPM resulting in 0.1Mach axial flow. A 77-microphone wall-mounted array was designed for fan noise analysis. A cooperation with NASA-Glenn allowed data and information exchanging from their similar fan rig setup, the ANCF, grating then the validation of the in-house developed software. A short guide for duct-array is proposed in this work. Complex software was developed to process the data from the microphones array. We performed 3 different types of analysis: power spectral density, noise imaging obtained by acoustic beamforming and modal analysis.We proposed a different technique for modal analysis based on beamforming images in this work.We did not find any similar technique in the references. The results obtained by this technique were validated with data from ANCF-NASA. Comparative results are presented for both fan rigs, such as: power spectral densities for different fan speeds, modal analysis at the blade passing frequency (strong tones generated by the fan), noise imaging obtained by beamforming for rotating and static noise sources. Finally, results achieved in this work are in agreement with those observed in the references consulted. / Como desenvolver de tecnologias para redução de ruído de motores aeronáuticos turbofans, o ruído gerado pelo fan (primeiro estágio do motor) vem se mostrando cada vez mais um grande contribuinte na emissão total de ruído em um avião. Com isso, a necessidade de se estudar mecanismos geradores de ruído nestes motores veio à tona e motivou a construção de uma bancada de experimentos aero-acústicos junto àUniversidade de São Paulo, campus São Carlos, oriundo da parceria entre EMBRAER S.A. e Universidade de São Paulo. A bancada de ensaios compõe um conjunto rotor/estator, sendo que o fan (rotor) é equipado com 16 pás e a estatora 14 pás, conectado a um motor elétrico de 100 hp através de um eixo ao rotor, alcançando 4250 RPM com velocidade de escoamento axial médio de 0,1 Mach. Esta bancada é composta por um longo duto e a seção de ensaio com o fan localiza-se ao centro. Uma antena dispondo de 77 microfones foi especialmente projetada para fazer aquisição do ruído gerado pelo fan. Uma parceria com a NASA-Glenn possibilitou a troca de informações e dados experimentais de sua bancada de experimentos similar (ANCF) ajudando assim a validar os códigos desenvolvidos bem como comparar resultados para ambas as bancadas. Umpequeno roteiro para projeto de antena para análise modal e beamforming em duto é apresentado neste trabalho. Um complexo software foi desenvolvido a fim de processar sistematicamente os dados aquisitados pelos microfones da antena. Três tipos de análise são feitas: Via espectro densidade de potência; Imagem de ruído acústico obtido através da técnica de beamforming, e por último, análise modal. Uma técnica diferente para análise modal baseada em imagens obtidas através de beamforming é proposta neste trabalho. Nada similar foi encontrado nas referências consultadas. Os resultados foram validados com dados de fontes sintéticas produzidas pela bancada ANCF-NASA. Resultados comparativos para ambas as bancadas são exibidas neste trabalho, tais quais: Análise do espectro densidade de potência para diferentes rotações do fan; análise modal nas frequências de passagem das pás (forte ruído tonal gerado pelo fan); imagem acústica do ruído gerado tanto por fontes rotativas quanto para fontes estáticas. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com o esperado e de antemão observados nas referências consultadas.
15

Shape optimization of axial cooling fan via 3D CFD simulation and surrogate modeling / Formoptimering av axiel kylningsfläkt via 3D CFD-simulering och surrogatmodellering

Granlöf, Martin January 2021 (has links)
Due to legislative reasons and environmental concerns the automotive and transport sector are shifting their focus from traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to development of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This brings new challanges to design of cooling systems where axial fans are one of the key components. Axial fans are usually designed with regards to a certain operating condition and outside this region the efficiency of the fan drops drastically. Due to difficulty in specifying the exact operational parameters when placed in a car, post-design optimization may be necessary to ensure maximized performance. This thesis focuses on fan blade shape optimization through mesh morphing using the surrogate based optimization algorithm called Efficient Global Optimization (EGO). The target fans was a 9 bladed prototype fan by Johnson Electric with uneven blade spacing. The optimization uses steady state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations to evaluate the fan designs and a Bezier curve parametrization in order to change the fan blade shape together with mesh morphing. The simulation setup was evaluated before peceding with the optimization, and showed good agreement close to intended operational conditions. Differences in turbulence modeling treatments were also evaluated in order to have a satisfactory agreement with measurement data. The EGO algorithm manages to provide fan designs with higher total-to-static efficiency at several different operational conditions. Evaluation of the optimized fan designs was limited to comparison with the provided measurement data and corrensponding simulations. Acoustic evaluation of selected fan designs is also attemped, but further work is required in order for the study to result in a quantitative comparison. / På grund av lagstiftning och miljöpåverkan har bil- och transportindustrin börjat skifta fokus från traditionella förbränningsfordon till utveckling av batteridrivna elbilar. Med detta medföljer nya utmaningar kring kylsystemsdesign där axiella fläktar är en av huvudkomponenterna hos systemet. Axiella fläktar är vanligtvis designade kring ett specifikt drifttillstånd och utanför detta har fläkten avsevärt lägre verkningsgrad. På grund av svårigheter att specificera detta drifttillstånd med hög precision, speciellt när fläkten monteras i en bil, kan efterdesigns-optimering vara nödvändigt för att uppnå maximal prestanda. Denna avhandling fokuserar på form-optimering av fläkt via mesh morphing med hjälp av den surrogat-baserade optimeringsalgoritmen Efficient Global Optimization (EGO). Fläkten som optimerades var en prototypfläkt designad av Johnson Electric med 9 fläktblad och icke-symmetriska mellanrum mellan bladen. I optimeringsprocessen användes icke-tidsberoende Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simuleringar för att utvärdera fläktdesignerna och parametrisering med hjälp av Bezier kurvor och mesh morphing för att ändra fläktbladen. Simulerings-uppställningen utvärderades innan optimeringen och bra överensstämning nära avsett driftstillstånd kunde påvisas. Skillnader i turbulens-modelering utvärderades även för att få en tillfredställande överensstämning med mätdata. EGO-algoritmen klarar att förse fläktdesigner med högre total-till-statisk verkningsgrad vid flera olika driftstillstånd. Utvärdering av fläktdesignerna var dock begränsad till jämförelse med mätdata och motsvarande simuleringsdata. En akustik utvärdering av utvalda fläkt-designer försöktes, men mer arbete krävs för att studien ska erhålla en kvantitativ jämförelse.
16

Experimental Study of Installation Effects on Cooling Fan Noise / Experimentell studie rörande akustiska installationseffekter från kylfläktar

Lu, Yu-Yu January 2021 (has links)
Owing to the ever-changing developments of battery and electric powertrain, vehicle electrification is the trend in the future. Without the presence of a combustion engine, masking effect from it reduces and noises from other components become perceivable. Among all, the cooling fan is one of the major noise sources. The design of cooling fan modules is usually carried out in the early stage before building prototype vehicles. Therefore, it is essential to come up with a method for selecting optimal fan design without performing complete vehicle testing. This is a Master's degree project in collaboration with Volvo Cars, with a focus on cooling fan noise at the charging state of electric vehicles. The main objective of this thesis is to understand the effects of fan installation. Three different setups of acoustic measurement are carried out, namely free-space, wall-mounted, and in-vehicle measurement. Correlations of these measurements are investigated through comparisons of the measurement results and the installation effects are identified through spectrum difference between free-space and in-vehicle measurement. Moreover, the implementation of spectral decomposition method enables the separation of source strength and propagation effect. Analyses of sound pressure levels are studied by looking into tonal and broadband components. In addition, sound power levels are determined by following ISO standards. Finally, a subjective rating session is held to understand the human perception of cooling fan noise. / Med anledning av den pågående utvecklingen mot elektrifiering där bilarna går mot batterier och elmotorer för framdrivning så ändras ljudbilden. Utan förbränningsmotorer som tidigare maskerade mycket av ljudet från bilarna så framträder nya ljudkällor. En sådan är kylfläkten som allt mer blir en störningskälla. Vanligtvis sker designen av kylfläktsmodulen i en tidig fas innan det finns någon prototypbil att tillgå. Detta gör att det är viktigt att utveckla metoder för att i tidig fas kunna optimera designen av kylfläkten.  Detta är ett examensarbete i samarbete med Volvo Cars med fokus på det ljud som uppstår vid laddning av eldrivna bilar. Uppsatsens huvudsakliga mål är att förstå fläktinstallationens påverkan på ljud genom att korrelera olika typer av mätningar. Detta genomfördes m.h.a tre separata konfigurationer, fritt-upphängd mätning, väggmonterad och installerad i bil. Korrelation undersöktes genom att jämföra mätresultat och analys av spektrumet. Analysen av ljudtrycksnivåerna genom att titta på dels de tonala komponenterna men också på bredbandsnivåerna. Utöver detta fastställs även ljudeffekten genom att följa gängse ISO standard. Slutligen så gjordes en subjektiv utvärdering för att få en förståelse av upplevelsen av ljudet från en kylfläkt.
17

Active Control Of Noise Radiated From Personal Computers

Charpentier, Arnaud 19 November 2002 (has links)
As an indirect consequence of increased heat cooling requirements, personal computers (PC) have become noisier due to the increased use of fans. Hard disk drives also contribute to the annoying noise radiated by personal computers, creating a need for the control of computer noise. Due to size constraints, the implementation of passive noise control techniques in PC is difficult. Alternatively, active noise control (ANC) may provide a compact solution to the noise problems discussed above, which is the subject of this work. First, the computer noise sources were characterized. The structure-borne path was altered passively through the decoupling of the vibrating sources from the chassis. Global noise control strategy was then investigated with a hybrid passive/active noise control technique based on folded lined ducts, integrating microphones and speakers, that were added to the PC air inlet and outlet. While the ducts were effective above 1000Hz, the use of a MIMO adaptive feedforward digital controller lead to significant noise reduction at the ducts outlets below 1000Hz. However, global performance was limited due to important airborne flanking paths. Finally, the same type of controller was used to create a zone of quiet around the PC user head location. It was implemented using multimedia speakers and microphones, while the computer was placed in a semi-reverberant environment. A large zone of quiet surrounding the head was created at low frequencies (250Hz), and its size would reduce with increasing frequency (up to 1000Hz). / Master of Science
18

Flow Control Optimization for Improvement of Fan Noise Reduction

Raven, Hans Rafael 04 April 2006 (has links)
The study of the flow of a fan blade was conducted to improve tonal fan noise reduction by optimizing an existing flow control configuration. The current configuration consisted of a trailing edge Slot with a flow control area of 0.045 in² per inch span with an exit angle of -3.3° with respect to the blade exit angle. Two other flow control configurations containing discrete jets were investigated. For the first configuration, the trailing edge jets (TEJ), the fan blade was modified with discrete jets spaced 0.3 inches apart with a flow control area of 0.01 in² per inch span positioned on the trailing edge aimed at -3.3° with respect to the blade exit angle. Similarly, discrete jets were also placed on the suction surface at 95.5% chord aimed at 15° with respect to the local blade surface. This configuration is referred to as the suction surface jet (SSJ). The discrete jets for both configurations were designed to be choked while injecting a mass flow rate of 1.00% of the fan through-flow. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to model new configurations and study subsequent changes in total pressure deficit using a blade design inlet Mach number of 0.73, Reynolds number based on chord length of 1.67 à 106, and design incidence angle of 0°. Experimental testing was later conducted in a 2D cascade tunnel. The TEJ and SSJ were tested at design blowing of 1.00% and at off-design conditions of 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.25% fan through-flow. Results between the different flow control configurations were compared using a blowing coefficient. CFD showed the TEJ and SSJ offered aerodynamic improvement over the Slot configuration. Testing showed the SSJ outperformed the TEJ, as validated in CFD, producing wider and shallower wakes. SSJ area-averaged pressure losses were 25% less than TEJ at design. Noise predictions based on CFD findings showed that both TEJ and SSJ provided additional tonal sound power level attenuation over the Slot configuration at similar blowing coefficients, with the SSJ providing the most attenuation. Noise prediction based on experimental results concurred that the SSJ provided more total attenuation than the TEJ. Experimental results showed that the SSJ performed better aerodynamically and, based on analytical prediction, provided 2 dB more total attenuation than the TEJ. / Master of Science

Page generated in 0.1836 seconds