This study investigated the relationship between motives of sports fans, and affinity for television, Internet, radio, and newspapers. Specifically economic, aesthetic, eustress, self-esteem, group affiliation, entertainment, and family motives all were expected to influence affinity for television, Internet, radio and newspapers.

Cheung Ka-ki. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-104). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter I --- ABSTRACT --- p.i / Chapter II --- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / Chapter III --- CONTENTS --- p.iv / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / The Structure of the Paper / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- THEORETICAL REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter A. --- What is a Star? / Chapter B. --- Fans as Productive Audiences / Chapter C. --- Identifying with Stars and Fan Culture / Chapter ☆ --- Individual Identity Construction / Chapter ☆ --- Self-creation in Private Fantasies / Chapter ☆ --- Internalizing External Expectations / Chapter ☆ --- Collective Identity of Fans / Chapter ☆ --- The Stigmatization in Process / Chapter ☆ --- Encompassing a Youth Identity / Chapter D. --- A Review of the Study / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.23 / Chapter A. --- Interviewing Fans / Chapter ☆ --- Selection of Interviewees / Chapter ☆ --- Profiles of Interviewees / Chapter ☆ --- The Interview Questions / Chapter B. --- Observing Fans as Participants / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- FROM SPECIAL FEELINGS FOR A STAR TO PARA-SOCIAL INTERACTIONS WITH A MODEL: THE INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-IDENTITY --- p.34 / Chapter A. --- A Preview of Identity-related Meanings / Chapter B. --- Adoring a Prince / Chapter ☆ --- "“Ooops! He's cool!"" ´ؤ The Attraction of Appearance" / Chapter ☆ --- Consuming Lovers in Media Products / Chapter ☆ --- "Dreaming of ""My Self' in the Imaginary Romance with the Ideal Lover" / Chapter ☆ --- When the Real Right Person Appears / Chapter ☆ --- A Re-Discovery of Gender / Chapter ☆ --- Probable Development of Sexuality / Chapter C. --- Wanna Make a Friend with the Idol / Chapter ☆ --- Friendly Stars are Attractive too! / Chapter ☆ --- Into the Illusion of Friendship / Chapter ☆ --- Developing Para-Friendships with Ideal Friends / Chapter ☆ --- """The Star is Disgusting!"" Antagonistic Relationships with Stars" / Chapter D. --- "Admiration of Beauty, Career, and Other Models" / Chapter ☆ --- Admiring Special Capabilities and Qualities / Chapter ☆ --- Learning to be a Beauty / Chapter ☆ --- Setting up a Career Model / Chapter ☆ --- Possibilities of Other Learning Models / Chapter ☆ --- Cultural Constraints in Modeling / Chapter E. --- Conclusion: Identifying Personal Uniqueness in the Emotional Attachment to an Idol / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- IDENTIFYING WITH STIGMATIZED YOUTHFUL FANS: INCORPORATION OF COLLECTIVE IMAGE WITH SELF-IDENTITY --- p.64 / Chapter A. --- Encountering Fans in Public: the Collective Identity of Fans / Chapter B. --- Presenting Me as Stigmatized Fan or Not? / Chapter ☆ --- Experiencing the Social Stigma: Self-reflection of the Researcher / Chapter ☆ --- Against the Orderly Discourses in Malls / Chapter ☆ --- Crazy Fans in the News / Chapter ☆ --- Perceiving Social Stigma and the Careful Presentation of Fan Identity / Chapter C. --- Fans in Three Groups / Chapter ☆ --- Marginal Fans: Exclusion of the Contents of Social Stigma / Chapter ☆ --- Central Insiders: Internalization of Social Stigma / Chapter ☆ --- Strategic Fans: Moving in and out of the Boundary of Fan Culture / Chapter D. --- Reinforcement of Youth identity in Idol Worship / Chapter ☆ --- Associating with a Sense of Youthfulness / Chapter ☆ --- Subordinate Position Resonated / Chapter E. --- From Subversive Meanings to Affective Resistance / Chapter F. --- Conclusion: Allying Rebellious Affection in Idol Worship / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.91 / Chapter A. --- Prospects of Fan Culture Study / Chapter ☆ --- Commercializing Fans in Hong Kong / Chapter ☆ --- Revisiting Subcultural Theory / APPENDIX --- p.96 / Reflections on the Work: the Question of Representation / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.99