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DNA Damage Responses in Progeroid Syndromes Arise From Defective Maturation of Prelamin ALiu, Yiyong, Rusinol, Antonio, Sinensky, Michael, Wang, Youjie, Zou, Yue 15 November 2006 (has links)
The genetic diseases Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and restrictive dermopathy (RD) arise from accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A because of defects in the lamin A maturation pathway. Both of these diseases exhibit symptoms that can be viewed as accelerated aging. The mechanism by which accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A leads to these accelerated aging phenotypes is not understood. Here we present evidence that in HGPS and RD fibroblasts, DNA damage checkpoints are persistently activated because of the compromise in genomic integrity. Inactivation of checkpoint kinases Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related) in these patient cells can partially overcome their early replication arrest. Treatment of patient cells with a protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) did not result in reduction of DNA double-strand breaks and damage checkpoint signaling, although the treatment significantly reversed the aberrant shape of their nuclei. This suggests that DNA damage accumulation and aberrant nuclear morphology are independent phenotypes arising from prelamin A accumulation in these progeroid syndromes. Since DNA damage accumulation is an important contributor to the symptoms of HGPS, our results call into question the possibility of treatment of HGPS with FTIs alone.
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Regulation of transcription and analysis of drug targets in lymphoma and myeloma cells /Bolick, Sophia C. E. January 2006 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2006. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-141). Also available online.
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Synthèse et évaluation biologique d’hétérocycles à cinq chaînons, inhibiteurs de la protéine farnésyltransférase / Synthesis and biological evaluation of five-membered heterocycles, inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferaseBosc, Damien 14 October 2011 (has links)
La protéine farnésyltransférase (FTase) est une métalloenzyme à zinc catalysant le transfert d’une chaîne farnésyle provenant du pyrophosphate de farnésyle (FPP) sur le résidu cystéine de certaines protéines possédant un motif CaaX C-terminal où C est la cystéine farnésylée, a est un acide aminé aliphatique et X est Ser, Ala, Gln ou Met. Une fois additionné, le groupement farnésyle fait office de point d’ancrage rendant possible la fixation des protéines à la membrane cellulaire et de guide moléculaire facilitant la liaison de ces protéines prénylées à d’autres protéines. D’abord étudiée en oncologie, la FTase constitue aujourd’hui une cible potentielle pour la thérapie antiparasitaire qui manque cruellement de médicaments suite à l’apparition de phénomènes de résistance. La nécessité d’améliorer les thérapies existantes ouvre la voie de recherches innovantes pour trouver de nouvelles molécules bioactives.Lors de ces travaux de thèse, les deux stratégies de recherche pratiquées en chimie médicinale ont été utilisées.La première approche a consisté à synthétiser des analogues bisubstrats 1,2,3-triazoles pouvant se lier à la fois sur le site de liaison de la protéine et sur celui du FPP. Cette approche rationnelle a aussi permis d’ébaucher une synthèse monotope de triazoles 1,5-disubstitués à partir d’amines primaires. L’approche par criblage constitue la deuxième méthode de recherche de nouveaux inhibiteurs. Dans ce contexte, la chimiothèque de l’ICSN a été criblée et deux composés de type 3-arylthiophène ont révélé de bonnes activités et une structure originale dans l’inhibition de la FTase. Ainsi, des travaux de relations structure-activité ont été réalisés pour moduler les différentes positions du thiophène et la nature de l’hétérocycle central.Ce travail nous a permis d’élaborer une librairie de plus d’une centaine de composés. L’évaluation biologique de ces analogues sur FTases isolées humaine et de T. brucei et sur parasites T. brucei et P. falciparum a révélé des molécules particulièrement intéressantes et prometteuses. / Protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) is a zinc metalloenzyme which catalyzes the transfer of a farnesyl chain from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to the cysteine residue of some proteins possessing a C-terminal CaaX moiety where C is the farnesylated cysteine, a is an aliphatic amino-acid and X is Ser, Ala, Gln or Met. Once attached, the farnesyl group serves as anchors for fixing proteins to cell membrane and as molecular handles for facilitating binding of these prenylated proteins to other proteins.First studied in oncology, FTase constitutes nowadays a potential target for antiparasitic therapies, where drugs are missing due to the appearance of resistance phenomena. The necessity to improve the existing therapies paves the way of innovating researches to find new bioactive molecules.During this Ph.D work, two strategies of research used in medicinal chemistry were performed.The first approach consisted in the synthesis of bisubstrate analogues with a 1,2,3-triazole core deviced to tie up both to the protein and the FPP binding sites. This rational approach also allowed to draft a one-pot synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted triazoles from primary amines.The screening approach was the second strategy to search for new inhibitors. For this purpose, ICSN chemical library was screened and two 3-arylthiophene compounds disclosed good activities and an original scaffold for FTase inhibition. Therefore, a structure-activity relationship study was carried out to modulate the different positions of the thiophene and the nature of the central heterocycle.This work allowed us to create a above-hundred-molecule library. The biological evaluation of these analogues on human and T. brucei isolated FTase and on T. brucei and P. falciparum parasites revealed particularly interesting and promising molecules.
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