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The objectives of this dissertation include 1) to review athlete monitoring strategies and the physical performance demands of female soccer match-play and to provide practical application of athlete monitoring programs, 2) to examine individual and group relationship between training load (TL) and subjective recovery and stress state and neuromuscular performance, and 3) to investigate acute effects of match-play on neuromuscular and subjective recovery and stress state in National Collegiate Association Athlete (NCAA) division I collegiate female soccer. TL was assessed using 10Hz Global Navigation Satellite System units. Subjective recovery and stress state was measured using the Short Recovery and Stress Scale (SRSS) consisting of 8 subscales including Physical Performance Capability (PPC) Mental Performance Capability (MPC), Emotional Balance (EB), Overall Recovery (OR), Muscular Stress (MS), Lack of Activation (LA), Negative Emotional State (NES), and Overall Stress (OS). Neuromuscular performance was assessed using countermovement jump (CMJ) with a polyvinyl chloride pipe (CMJ0) and 20kgs bar (CMJ20). CMJ variables included body mass (BdM), jump height (JH), modified reactive strength index (RSI), peak force (PF), relative peak force (RPP), eccentric impulse (EI), concentric impulse (CI), peak power (PP), relative peak power (RPP), eccentric average peak power (EAP), and concentric average power (CAP). Results of this dissertation showed that 12 individual players demonstrated negative correlations between total distance and MPC (p≤0.05, r=-0.78 to -0.34, number of significant individual correlations [N]=3) and OR (p≤0.05, r=-0.91 to -0.08, N=3). Positive correlations were observed between MS and total distance among all individual players (p≤0.05, r=0.21 to 0.82, N=3) while the group correlations were moderate to large (p≤0.001, r=0.55). Results of this dissertation also demonstrated that significant moderate to large decreases were observed at 12 hours post-match in JH, RSI, CI, PP, RPP, and CPA in CMJ0 and CMJ20 (p

L’entraînement dans les sports d’endurance à haut niveau passe traditionnellement par des périodes de très fortes charges visant à imposer de forts stress. La littérature suggère que ces périodes seront d’autant plus intéressantes si elles sont associées à un important niveau de fatigue et à une diminution de performance (surmenage fonctionnel, SF). Cependant, il n’a jamais été comparé à une surcharge d’entraînement sans diminution de performance (fatigue aigüe, FA). La première partie a montré que la surcompensation de performance au cours de l’affûtage peut répondre de façon Gaussienne à la charge d’entraînement imposée avant l’affûtage. Plus précisément, les résultats ont démontré que l’augmentation de la charge d’entraînement avant l’affûtage peut maximiser la réponse positive à l’entraînement, seulement à condition que le stress d’entraînement ne dépasse pas la capacité de récupération de l’athlète et ne précipite pas de SF. Par ailleurs, il s’avère que les réponses d’affûtage semblent individuelles et non influencées par le niveau de fatigue généré en amont. Ces différences de performance s’expliquent notamment par une bonne adaptation à l’entraînement après une période de surcharge sans SF, quand un état de SF sera à l’inverse associé à une moins bonne adaptation et à une plus grande survenue d’états de santé infectieux. La seconde partie a suggéré que la fatigue observée au sein du groupe SF pouvait également avoir été causée par un phénomène de fatigue cardiaque. En effet, le développement du SF chez l’athlète entraîné est associé à une réduction des valeurs de débit cardiaque à l’exercice / The purpose of this work is to examine whether performance supercompensation during taper is maximized in endurance athletes after experiencing overreaching during an overload training period. This first study showed that 1) greater gains in performance and V˙O2max can be achieved when higher training load is prescribed before the taper but not in the presence of functional overreaching (F-OR); 2) peak performance is not delayed during taper when heavy training loads are completed immediately prior; and 3) F-OR provides higher risk for training maladaptation, including increased infection risks. The second study confirms sleep disturbances and increased illness in endurance athletes who present with symptoms of F-OR during periods of high volume training. The third study shows a lower cardiac output and systolic blood pressure with greater arteriovenous O2 difference were reported in F-OR subjects at all exercising intensities, while no significant change was observed in the control and acute fatigue (AF) groups. A concomitant decrease in epinephrine excretion was reported only in the F-OR group. All values returned to baseline at Post. Following an overload endurance training program leading to F-OR, the cardiac response to exhaustive exercise is transiently impaired, possibly due to reduced epinephrine excretion. This finding is likely to explain the complex process of underperformance syndrome experienced by F-OR endurance athletes during heavy load programs