The stimulation of appetite for solid food is of paramount importance in the financial success of an early calf weaning system. In the present study, two production trials suggested that the replacement of the rolled barley (RB) component of a calf starter diet, with molassed sugar beet pulp (MSBP) or lucerne meal (LM), stimulated appetite, particularly before weaning. Despite continued improvements in voluntary food intake (VFI) after weaning, dietary differences were reduced, with no significant differences observed. The optimum level of MSBP inclusion in a barley based diet appeared to be in the range of 0.15-0.25 of diet DM. All diets bar one containing 0.55 MSBP, produced live weight gains (LWG) in excess of 0.7kg/d. However, the relationship between LWG and VFI was considerably stronger for barley based diets than those based on MSBP or LM. Metabolic studies suggested two possible explanations for the reduced LWG response to VFI as MSBP or LM replaced RB: a) inefficiency in ruminal fermentation and/or b) reduced nitrogen (N) digestibility. The reduction in N digestibility was correlated with an increased proportion of N bound to the ADF matrix. Further studies suggested that a microbial population capable of complete cell wall degradation was absent in the rumens of young calves up to 3 months of age. The results suggested that the availability and quality of the N leaving the rumen was reduced as MSBP or LM replaced RB. It was unclear from the present studies whether increased diet buffering capacity or a preference for feedstuffs other than RB could explain the potential improvements in VFI. A method was derivised to measure the buffering capacity in the rumen fluid of young calves which showed that the total VFA are the principal chemical component of the buffering system and the only rumen parameter found to make significant contributions to mathematical models accounting for variation in VFI. Rumen pH, although low, was not a regulator of VFI and accounted for only 0.03 of VFI variation.

In the studies described in this thesis the amounts of Ca, P and Mg retained by growing lambs were determined following the slaughter of the lambs and their analysis. In experiment 1, the effects of growth rate on body composition and mineral retention were studied. The lambs were grown at different rates from 24 kg to 50 kg live-weight. The composition of empty-body gain (EBG) was estimated based on an initial slaughter group at the beginning of the trial. Fast growing lambs contained more fat and less protein, ash, Ca and P than slow growing ones. However, in the fat-free empty-body (FFEB), there were no significant differences found attributable to growth rate, except for Mg which was decreased with slow growth. Supplementary CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> significantly increased ash, Ca and P retention in FFEB of the fast growing lambs. In experiment 2, the retention of minerals from lambs fed either forage or concentrate diets was studied. Three groups of 8 Suffolk x Blackface wether lambs were (a) allowed to graze the grass outdoors (b) fed-concentrate indoors and (c) fed grass indoors. The lambs were grown from 24 kg and slaughtered at about 40 kg live = weight over 100 days. Retentions of Ca and P in empty-body gain (EBG) and fat-free empty-body gain (FFEBG) were significantly higher in grass-fed lambs. Higher mineralisation in the latter group was attributed to differences in acid-base balance between the diets and was not a function of either exercise or sunlight. Experiment 3 was designed to re-assess the requirements of Ca and P for growing lambs. Four groups of 10 Suffolk x Blackface lambs were fed concentrate diets containing different concentrations of Ca and P over a 93 day experimental period. Lambs fed on normal Ca-normal P diet (based on TCORN's (1988) new estimate) appeared to meet their requirement. Lambs fed on high Ca-high P diet showed no increase in mineral retention while those on low Ca-low P diet were more poorly mineralised. A high Ca-low P group had low concentration of P in blood and rumen liquor. Radiographic studies of the metacarpus and metatarsus from these trials were of limited value in predicting the mineral content of the empty-bodies of lambs.

No description available.

The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the feeding parameters of hybrid B.U.T. 6 at selected farm. Six batches of tom turkeys were evaluated in this study. The growth intensity analysis was performed based on weekly weighing. The average live weight was 21.83 kg at the age of 21 weeks. The highest value was in the 3rd batch (22.18 kg) and the lowest value was in the 2nd and the 6th batch (21.62 kg). In comparison with the "Management guide", the differences in average weight from the 5th week of age to the end of fattening were evaluated as statistically significant. The average feed conversion ratio was registered 2.73 kg. The highest feed conversion was in the 1st batch (2.82 kg) and the lowest was in the 5th batch (2.62 kg). The average inflection point was reached in the 14th week (12.1 kg). First the inflection point was achieved in the 1st and 2nd batch (13.6 weeks; 11.7 kg and 13.7 weeks; 11.4 kg) and at the latest in the 4th batch (15.5 weeks; 13.6 kg). The average maximum daily gain was reached 203.1 g (13.6 weeks). The highest was in the 3rd batch (204.9 g; 13.6 weeks) and the lowest was in the 4th batch (195.3 g; 14.3 weeks). The average mortality rate was found 6.39%. The highest mortality rate was in the 6th batch (8.44%; 858 pcs) and the lowest was in the 4th batch (4.50%; 457 pcs).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardo_ha_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 511383 bytes, checksum: c1c678a5f609d7e8b161335091d3395e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Noventa e seis ovinos foram agrupados em cinco classes de Tipo Ovino (TO): TO1 – cordeiros com peso de abate (PA) até 30 kg (n=16); TO2 – cordeiros com PA entre 30 e 35 kg (n=20); TO3 – cordeiros com PA entre 35 e 40 kg (n=22); TO4 – cordeiros com PA acima de 40 kg (n=23); TO5 – ovino com pelo menos um par de dentes incisivos permanentes (n=15). Foi avaliado o efeito do TO sobre o PA, escore de condição corporal (ECC), caracaterísticas da carcaça e morfometria. As carcaças também foram avaliadas pelo sistema EUROP de classificação. Houve influência do TO sobre o PA, com maior valor para o TO5, sendo que esta classe não se diferenciou do TO4, enquanto que o ECC não se diferenciou entre os TO. Não houve diferença para o peso de carcaça quente (PCQ) e de carcaça fria (PCF) entre o TO5 e TO4, que apresentaram os maiores valores, sendo que o TO1 e TO2 não se diferenciaram quanto ao PCQ mas apresentaram diferença para PCF. A maior perda de peso no resfriamento (PPR) foi observada para as carcaças do TO1 enquanto que o TO3 foi a classe que perdeu menos peso. Os maiores valores para o comprimento externo da carcaça (CEC) foram obtidos para o TO4 e TO5, sendo que o TO5 apresentou a maior largura e perímetro da garupa (LG e PG), e largura e profundidade do tórax (LT e PT) dentre os TO. Não houve diferença para o perímetro da perna (PP) entre TO4 e TO5, com o TO1 apresentando o menor valor para esta medida morfométrica. Pelo sistema EUROP, 54% das carcaças pesadas apresentaram classe de conformação boa e somente uma carcaça foi classificada com classe de conformação excelente. Para as classes de camada de gordura, nenhuma carcaça obteve as classes 4 e 5, apenas 9% das carcaças de ovinos com menos de doze meses de idade foram classificadas com classe de camada de gordura 3, enquanto que 43% obtiveram classe 1 e 48% classe 2. Com base na dentição dos animais... / Noventa e seis ovinos foram agrupados em cinco classes de Tipo Ovino (TO): TO1 – cordeiros com peso de abate (PA) até 30 kg (n=16); TO2 – cordeiros com PA entre 30 e 35 kg (n=20); TO3 – cordeiros com PA entre 35 e 40 kg (n=22); TO4 – cordeiros com PA acima de 40 kg (n=23); TO5 – ovino com pelo menos um par de dentes incisivos permanentes (n=15). Foi avaliado o efeito do TO sobre o PA, escore de condição corporal (ECC), caracaterísticas da carcaça e morfometria. As carcaças também foram avaliadas pelo sistema EUROP de classificação. Houve influência do TO sobre o PA, com maior valor para o TO5, sendo que esta classe não se diferenciou do TO4, enquanto que o ECC não se diferenciou entre os TO. Não houve diferença para o peso de carcaça quente (PCQ) e de carcaça fria (PCF) entre o TO5 e TO4, que apresentaram os maiores valores, sendo que o TO1 e TO2 não se diferenciaram quanto ao PCQ mas apresentaram diferença para PCF. A maior perda de peso no resfriamento (PPR) foi observada para as carcaças do TO1 enquanto que o TO3 foi a classe que perdeu menos peso. Os maiores valores para o comprimento externo da carcaça (CEC) foram obtidos para o TO4 e TO5, sendo que o TO5 apresentou a maior largura e perímetro da garupa (LG e PG), e largura e profundidade do tórax (LT e PT) dentre os TO. Não houve diferença para o perímetro da perna (PP) entre TO4 e TO5, com o TO1 apresentando o menor valor para esta medida morfométrica. Pelo sistema EUROP, 54% das carcaças pesadas apresentaram classe de conformação boa e somente uma carcaça foi classificada com classe de conformação excelente. Para as classes de camada de gordura, nenhuma carcaça obteve as classes 4 e 5, apenas 9% das carcaças de ovinos com menos de doze meses de idade foram classificadas com classe de camada de gordura 3, enquanto que 43% obtiveram classe 1 e 48% classe 2. Com base na dentição... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

This diploma thesis aims to measure the harmful gas emissions and evaluate methods and technologies used in an observed fattening pigs company. Subsequently observed methods and technologies are compared with best available techniques BATs and economically evaluated. The thesis contains three hypotheses. 1. Do measured production emissions of ammonia from the selected plant comply with the limits and recommendation of EU directives? 2. Is the applied BAT suitable from the economical point of view even for Czech agriculturists? 3. Do measured values comply with the decrease of ammonia levels according to the calculated decrease in the BREF document? The measured values and subsequent evaluation show that the production emissions of ammonia comply with the EU directives. However, the measured ammonia emissions are significantly lower than the theoretical values calculated according to the legislation that takes into account the used technology. BAT-reducing technologies used in the plant are suitable for Czech agriculturists.

The main goal of this master?s thesis is to assess heifer fattening conducted in two grazing cycles in the mountain region of Southern Bohemia. The observation was carried out in two cycles in the years 2008/2009 and 2010/2011. A total of 99 heifers was observed, all of them crossbreeds of Aberdeen Angus or Simmental cattle. In the first grazing cycle, the heifers were raised on pasture together with the mothers and stabled for the winter season. The heifers were slaughtered after the end of the second grazing cycle in the next year. Live weight of the heifers was recorded at the end of the first grazing cycle, at the end of the winter season and again at the end of the second grazing cycle. The weight of the dressed carcass and results of the SEUROP carcass classification were further recorded. The average daily gain was calculated for each period from the live weight. The data set was sorted by the month of birth and by the SEUROP class score. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel. In order to evaluate the results, basic statistical parameters were calculated for each of the selected variables and the cogency of the differences between the groups was tested with the two-tailed t-test at the corresponding level of significance. The average weight of the heifers at the end of the first grazing cycle was 281,2 kg, average weight at the end of the winter season was 366,1 kg and the average weight at the end of the second grazing cycle was 511,6. The average age of the heifers at the end of the first grazing cycle was 221,5 days and they were slaughtered at the average age of 568,9 days. The average daily gain was 1,16 kg during the first grazing cycle, 0,53 kg during the winter season and 0,81 kg during the second grazing cycle. The lifetime average daily gain was 0.85 kg. Net gain averaged 0,45 kg per heifer. The average weight of the dressed carcass was 253,8 kg. 2,1 % of the heifers gained SEUROP class ?U?; 54,5 % class ?R? and 43,4 % class ?O?. The heifers showed considerable variability, especially in the weight at the end of the second grazing cycle (sx = 42,4 kg). Data analysis revealed correlations of r2=0,62 between weaning weight and slaughter weight and r2=0,69 between weaning weight and JUT weight.

A total of 169 batches of chicken (almost 4 million pieces) were included in the survey, of which 88 batches were Cobb 500 chicken and 81 batches Ross 308 chickens. The difference in the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) was 30 points in favour of the Ross 308 hybrid when compared with the Cobb 500 hybrid (395 and 365 points respectively, P < 0.05). During the monitored years, the EPEF gradually increased from 357 points in 2014 to 404 points in 2017, i.e. by 47 points (P < 0.05). From the perspective of the hatchery influence (A and B), the Ross 308 hybrid was found have almost identical EPEF (394 and 395 points respectively). The EPEF of the Cobb 500 hybrid was 27 points higher in hatchery B (380 and 353 points respectively, P < 0.05). The dependence of the live weight of the hybrid at slaughter on the age of the parent flock was found to be r = 0.41, i.e. moderate, statistically significant. A higher EPEF was achieved when fattening in green light as compared with white light. For the Cobb 500 hybrid, the difference was only 2 points (367 and 365 points respectively). For Ross 308 hybrid, the difference was higher, 11 points (404 and 393 points respectively). In the high-capacity hall, fattening took longer than in the small-capacity hall. The difference amounted to 0.92 days for the Cobb 500 hybrid (33.66 and 32.74 days respectively) and 0.11 days for the Ross 308 hybrid (33.11 and 33.00 days respectively). The differences in live weight were small, i.e. 0.01 kg for the Cobb 500 hybrid (2.09 and 2.10 kg respectively) and 0.02 kg for the Ross 308 hybrid (2.12 and 2.14 kg respectively), as were the differences in the feed mixture consumption per 1 kg weight gain, i.e. 0.02 kg for the Cobb 500 hybrid (1.57 and 1.59 kg respectively) and 0.03 kg for the Ross 308 hybrid (1.56 and 1.53 kg respectively). Higher mortality was found in the high-capacity hall. It was slightly higher, by 0.06 %, for the Cobb 500 hybrid (3.26 and 3.20 % respectively). For the Ross 308 hybrid, there was a higher difference of 0.72 % (3.46 and 2.74 % respectively). The EPEF was found to be slightly lower in the high-capacity hall compared to the low-capacity hall. The difference amounted to 9 points for the Cobb 500 hybrid (383 and 392 points respectively) and 17 points for the Ross 308 hybrid (395 and 412 points respectively).

The first part of the thesis focuses on describing the potential and most commonly utilized technical solutions, including technological equipment, for the specified type of building. This is supplemented with detailed information regarding the appropriate legislative conditions for such buildings. The second part focuses on the design solution itself and includes technical schemes and drawings.

Czech mottled cattle is the original breed of cattle in the Czech Republic. It is part of a worldwide population of mottled breeds of the same phylogenetic origin, widespread, for all its continents, for its excellent properties and widespread use. It currently accounts for about one half of the total cattle population in the Czech Republic. The aim of the work was to monitor the growth of fattened bulls, focusing on the last half year of fattening and trying to determine the inflection point of fattening this breed under given breeding conditions. Furthermore, the monitored bulls were compared on the basis of genetic potential, ie the representation of the blood of the Czech spotted breed and according to the father. Fattening bulls are only from their own breeding as weaners from milked herds. The bulls are fattened up to the age of 24 months and are divided into groups of about 24pcs, depending on the weight. The feed is given to them twice a day, at regular intervals, with a mixing feed wagon with weight. The feed consists of corn silage, clover-grass silage and a core mixture, which the company produces itself. The results obtained did not show a statistically significant difference in the pre-slaughter live weight by father line, by month of birth of the individuals studied or by age at slaughter. Only by comparing the live weight before slaughter by SEUROP, there was a statistically significant difference.