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Induction machine condition monitoring with higher order spectraArthur, Neil January 1998 (has links)
In a variety of industrial sectors the condition monitoring of induction machines is an important aspect of any condition based maintenance regime. To date, no panoptic means of assessing induction machine health from a single machine parameter exists, further, little work has been performed on the condition monitoring of inverter fed induction machines, an area of increasing importance. In addition, the signal processing tool Higher Order Spectra has been the subject of a great deal of research, and these tools have certain properties which make them ideal for application in a condition monitoring environment. However, limited published work exists in this area, with even less material describing Higher Order Spectra as an induction machine condition monitoring tool in a quantitative fashion. This thesis reconciles these two anomalies, and describes the application of Higher Order Spectra to induction machine condition monitoring. A number of induction machine fault conditions are analysed theoretically, and the subsequent effect of these faults on induction machine vibration described using simple system theory. Experimental results are presented and it is shown that Higher Order Spectra make the optimal diagnosis tool for these fault conditions. It is further shown that this diagnosis method is independent of the machine load and supply. Further, in the case of the inverter supply condition, this diagnosis is independent of the machine speed and in the majority of cases, the magnitude of the induction machine fault can also be identified using this technique. This allows a predicted time to catastrophic failure to be identified and the scheduling of maintenance in an appropriate and optimal manner. Finally, the entire diagnostic method is combined in an automated, software based diagnostic tool based on the previous analysis. It is shown that this tool provides diagnostic performance close to that for ideal induction machine condition monitoring and represents a relatively simple and inexpensive method of monitoring machine health independent of machine supply, load and speed.
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The application of signal processing and artificial intelligence techniques in the condition monitoring of rotating machinery / Nicolaas Theodor van der MerweVan der Merwe, Nicolaas Theodor January 2003 (has links)
Condition monitoring of critical machinery has many economic benefits. The primary
objective is to detect faults, for example on rolling element bearings, at an early stage to
take corrective action prior to the catastrophic failure of a component. In this context, it is
important to be able to discriminate between stable and deteriorating fault conditions. A
number of conventional vibration analysis techniques exist by which certain faults in
rotating machinery may be identified. However, under circumstances involving multiple
fault conditions conventional condition monitoring techniques may fail, e.g. by indicating
deteriorating fault conditions for stable fault situations or vice versa. Condition monitoring
of rotating machinery that may have multiple, possibly simultaneous, fault conditions is
investigated in this thesis. Different combinations of interacting fault conditions are
studied both through experimental methods and simulated models. Novel signal
processing techniques (such as cepstral analysis and equidistant Fourier transforms) and
pattern recognition techniques (based on the nearest neighbour algorithm) are applied to
vibration problems of this nature. A set of signal processing and pattern recognition
techniques is developed for the detection of small incipient mechanical faults in the
presence of noise and dynamic load (imbalance). In the case investigated the dynamic
loading consisted of varying degrees of imbalance. It is demonstrated that the proposed
techniques may be applied successfully to the detection of multiple fault conditions. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Electronical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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The application of signal processing and artificial intelligence techniques in the condition monitoring of rotating machinery / Nicolaas Theodor van der MerweVan der Merwe, Nicolaas Theodor January 2003 (has links)
Condition monitoring of critical machinery has many economic benefits. The primary
objective is to detect faults, for example on rolling element bearings, at an early stage to
take corrective action prior to the catastrophic failure of a component. In this context, it is
important to be able to discriminate between stable and deteriorating fault conditions. A
number of conventional vibration analysis techniques exist by which certain faults in
rotating machinery may be identified. However, under circumstances involving multiple
fault conditions conventional condition monitoring techniques may fail, e.g. by indicating
deteriorating fault conditions for stable fault situations or vice versa. Condition monitoring
of rotating machinery that may have multiple, possibly simultaneous, fault conditions is
investigated in this thesis. Different combinations of interacting fault conditions are
studied both through experimental methods and simulated models. Novel signal
processing techniques (such as cepstral analysis and equidistant Fourier transforms) and
pattern recognition techniques (based on the nearest neighbour algorithm) are applied to
vibration problems of this nature. A set of signal processing and pattern recognition
techniques is developed for the detection of small incipient mechanical faults in the
presence of noise and dynamic load (imbalance). In the case investigated the dynamic
loading consisted of varying degrees of imbalance. It is demonstrated that the proposed
techniques may be applied successfully to the detection of multiple fault conditions. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Electronical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Estratégias para identificação de faltas externas e controle do gerador de indução duplamente alimentado / Strategies for fault intentification and control of the doubly fed induction generatorSantana, Marcelo Patrício de 31 July 2012 (has links)
O presente trabalho desenvolve uma topologia de controle para o gerador de indução duplamente alimentado (GIDA) em condições normais e em condições de falta monofásica. O sistema de controle é dividido em três partes principais: sistema de identificação de faltas, controle em condições normais e controle em condições de falta monofásica. A primeira parte, o sistema de identificação (SI) de faltas, é responsável pela seleção da topologia de controle da máquina. O SI é composto por uma combinação entre redes neurais artificiais (RNA) e a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). As RNA são responsáveis pela identificação do estado atual da rede, se possui falta ou não. Os dados de entrada das RNA são as correntes de linha do estator que passam por um pré-processamento por meio da FFT. Alguns conteúdos harmônicos de saída da FFT irrelevantes no processo de identificação são eliminados por um método similar ao Principal Components Analysis (PCA). A segunda parte do trabalho é o controle em condições normais, sendo ativado quando o SI aponta a ausência de faltas. A topologia de controle vetorial é utilizada nesta condição para manter a tensão e frequência constante com a velocidade mecânica do eixo variável. A última parte do trabalho é o controle em condições adversas, que é ativado quando o SI detecta uma falta monofásica. A topologia de controle nesta condição utiliza as transformações ortogonais para reduzir o fluxo concatenado no enrolamento do estator com falta. A utilização deste novo controle reduz a corrente do estator quando comparado com o controle vetorial em condições de falta, sendo que a tensão do estator nas fases sem falta é mantida dentro de uma faixa de operação. O trabalho possui resultados de simulação das três principais partes do sistema de controle. Primeiramente, resultados do controle vetorial de tensão e frequência do GIDA sob condições de velocidade do eixo variável e cortes de carga são apresentados. Logo após, apresenta-se os resultados do SI na identificação de faltas monofásicas na fase B e o seu comportamento sob condições adversas como desequilíbrio de carga e cortes de cargas. Finalmente, alguns resultados do controle em condições de falta sobre uma falta fase-neutro na fase B são apresentados. / This paper presents a control topology for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in normal and single fault conditions. The control system is divided into three main parts: fault identification system, control in normal condition and control in single fault conditions. In the first part, the system of identification (SI) is responsible for selecting the topology of the control. The SI is composed by a combination of artificial neural networks (ANN) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The ANN is responsible for identifying the current state of the grid, if has fault or not. The inputs of the ANN are stator currents line through of a pre-processing by means of FFT. Some harmonic contents are irrelevant in the identification process and they are eliminated by a method similar to Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The second part of the paper is the control under normal conditions, activated when the SI indicates the absence of faults. The topology of vector control in this condition is used to maintain the voltage and frequency constant, where the speed of the mechanical axis variable. The last part of the work is the control in adverse conditions, which is activated when the SI detects a singlephase fault. The control topology in this condition uses the orthogonal transformations to reduce the mutual flux in the stator winding with fault. The use of this new control reduces the stator current as compared to vector control in fault conditions, and the stator voltage in the stages without fault is maintained within an operating range. The paper has simulation results of three main parts of the control system. First, the results of the vector control voltage and frequency of DFIG under conditions of variable shaft speed and load sections are provided. Soon after, the results of the SI in identifying faults in the phase B under conditions such as load imbalance and cutting loads are shown. Finally, some results of control in fault condition in the phase B are shown.
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Estratégias para identificação de faltas externas e controle do gerador de indução duplamente alimentado / Strategies for fault intentification and control of the doubly fed induction generatorMarcelo Patrício de Santana 31 July 2012 (has links)
O presente trabalho desenvolve uma topologia de controle para o gerador de indução duplamente alimentado (GIDA) em condições normais e em condições de falta monofásica. O sistema de controle é dividido em três partes principais: sistema de identificação de faltas, controle em condições normais e controle em condições de falta monofásica. A primeira parte, o sistema de identificação (SI) de faltas, é responsável pela seleção da topologia de controle da máquina. O SI é composto por uma combinação entre redes neurais artificiais (RNA) e a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). As RNA são responsáveis pela identificação do estado atual da rede, se possui falta ou não. Os dados de entrada das RNA são as correntes de linha do estator que passam por um pré-processamento por meio da FFT. Alguns conteúdos harmônicos de saída da FFT irrelevantes no processo de identificação são eliminados por um método similar ao Principal Components Analysis (PCA). A segunda parte do trabalho é o controle em condições normais, sendo ativado quando o SI aponta a ausência de faltas. A topologia de controle vetorial é utilizada nesta condição para manter a tensão e frequência constante com a velocidade mecânica do eixo variável. A última parte do trabalho é o controle em condições adversas, que é ativado quando o SI detecta uma falta monofásica. A topologia de controle nesta condição utiliza as transformações ortogonais para reduzir o fluxo concatenado no enrolamento do estator com falta. A utilização deste novo controle reduz a corrente do estator quando comparado com o controle vetorial em condições de falta, sendo que a tensão do estator nas fases sem falta é mantida dentro de uma faixa de operação. O trabalho possui resultados de simulação das três principais partes do sistema de controle. Primeiramente, resultados do controle vetorial de tensão e frequência do GIDA sob condições de velocidade do eixo variável e cortes de carga são apresentados. Logo após, apresenta-se os resultados do SI na identificação de faltas monofásicas na fase B e o seu comportamento sob condições adversas como desequilíbrio de carga e cortes de cargas. Finalmente, alguns resultados do controle em condições de falta sobre uma falta fase-neutro na fase B são apresentados. / This paper presents a control topology for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in normal and single fault conditions. The control system is divided into three main parts: fault identification system, control in normal condition and control in single fault conditions. In the first part, the system of identification (SI) is responsible for selecting the topology of the control. The SI is composed by a combination of artificial neural networks (ANN) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The ANN is responsible for identifying the current state of the grid, if has fault or not. The inputs of the ANN are stator currents line through of a pre-processing by means of FFT. Some harmonic contents are irrelevant in the identification process and they are eliminated by a method similar to Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The second part of the paper is the control under normal conditions, activated when the SI indicates the absence of faults. The topology of vector control in this condition is used to maintain the voltage and frequency constant, where the speed of the mechanical axis variable. The last part of the work is the control in adverse conditions, which is activated when the SI detects a singlephase fault. The control topology in this condition uses the orthogonal transformations to reduce the mutual flux in the stator winding with fault. The use of this new control reduces the stator current as compared to vector control in fault conditions, and the stator voltage in the stages without fault is maintained within an operating range. The paper has simulation results of three main parts of the control system. First, the results of the vector control voltage and frequency of DFIG under conditions of variable shaft speed and load sections are provided. Soon after, the results of the SI in identifying faults in the phase B under conditions such as load imbalance and cutting loads are shown. Finally, some results of control in fault condition in the phase B are shown.
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Modulação space vector para conversores multiníveis com células assimétricas em cascata sob condições de faltas / Space vector modulation for cascaded multilevel converters with asymmetric cells under fault conditionsCarnielutti, Fernanda de Morais 09 October 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Thesis proposes a Space Vector Modulation for cascaded miltilevel converters with
asymmetric cells under normal conditions and with faults in the power cells, avoiding
converter saturation as much as possible. The switching state vectors and the voltage
references are represented in the output line-to-line voltages coordinate system. Under
this representation, the switching state vectors have only integer entries, easing the implementation
of the proposed algorithm. The modulation is developed in a way such as
to guarantee that the higher voltage cells switch at low frequency by the choice of only
one vector per switching period, minimizing the switching losses. For the lower voltage
cells (1pu), that switch with PWM, three algorithms were developed for defining the switching
sequences: (i) offline, (ii) online and (iii) hybrid, where a carrier-based geometrical
modulation and the SV are mixed in a simple and unified approach. The algorithm is
described in a generic way, for converters with any number of levels, and then, simulation
and experimental results are shown for, respectively, cascaded miltilevel converters with
asymmetric cells with DC bus voltages ratio of 1:2:4pu and 1:2pu. The algorithm does
not use conventional separation lines to find where the multiple references for the power
cells are located inside the SV diagram. It also avoids converter saturation and, when it is
unavoidable, detects its occurrence and changes the operation mode to overmodulation.
This one is treated as a modification of the orignal algorithm, allowing the converter to
operate with a wider range of modulation indexes and fault conditions. It is shown that
two overmodulation modes can occur: in the first, there is still an area inside the SV diagram
where overmodulation is avoided, and, in the second, the converter overmodulates
during almost all the time. Modulation strategies are proposed for both cases, including
the insertion of a bandpass filter in the second case, so as to minimize the distortions and
unbalances that arise on the converter output line-to-line voltages during this operation
mode. For the overmodulation, simulation and experimental results are also shown for
cascaded miltilevel converters with asymmetric cells with DC bus voltages ratio of 1:2:4pu
and 1:2pu. Finally, the final conclusions are drawn and future works are proposed. / Esta Tese propõe uma estratégia de modulação Space Vector (SV) para conversores
multiníveis com células assimétricas em cascata durante operação normal e com faltas nas
células de potência, garantindo a não ocorrência de saturação do conversor sempre que esta
não for desejada, especialmente durante faltas. Os vetores de comutação e as referências de
tensão são representados no sistema de coordenadas das tensões de linha de saída. Desta
forma, os vetores de comutação apresentam apenas coordenadas inteiras, facilitando a
implementação do algoritmo proposto. A modulação é desenvolvida de forma a garantir
que as células de maior tensão comutem em baixa frequência, pela escolha de apenas
um vetor por período de comutação, minimizando as perdas de comutação do conversor.
Para as células de menor tensão (1pu), que comutam com PWM, foram desenvolvidos três
algoritmos para definição das sequências de comutação: definição (i) offline, (ii) online e
(iii) híbrida, onde as modulações geométrica com portadora e SV são mescladas em uma
abordagem única e simplificada. O algoritmo SV é descrito de maneira genérica, para
conversores com qualquer número de níveis, e, na sequência, são apresentados resultados
de simulação e experimentais para, respectivamente, conversores multiníveis com células
assimétricas em cascata com razão das tensões dos barramentos CC de 1:2:4pu e 1:2pu.
Este algoritmo não faz uso de retas de separação convencionais para encontrar os domínios
onde as múltiplas referências para as células de potência se encontram dentro do diagrama
SV. Também evita ao máximo a saturação do conversor, e, quando esta é inevitável,
detecta sua ocorrência e muda o modo de operação para sobremodulação. Esta é tratada
por meio de modificações no algoritmo original, permitindo a operação do conversor com
um maior número de índices de modulação e condições de falta. É mostrado que existem
dois casos de sobremodulação durante faltas nas células de potência: no primeiro, ainda há
uma área no interior do diagrama SV onde a sobremodulação é evitada, e, no segundo, o
conversor sobremodula durante praticamente todo o tempo. São propostas estratégias de
modulação para ambos os casos, incluindo a inserção de um filtro passa-faixa no segundo,
para minimizar as distorções e os desequilíbrios que surgem nas tensões de linha de saída
do conversor, quando este se encontra neste modo de operação. Para a sobremodulação,
também são apresentados resultados de simulação e experimentais para os conversores
multiníveis com células assimétricas em cascata com razão das tensões dos barramentos
CC de 1:2:4pu e 1:2pu. Por fim, as conclusões finais são apresentadas e são propostos
trabalhos futuros.
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Testování admitanční funkce indikátoru poruch / Testing of the admitance principle of the fault indicatorMusil, Milan January 2017 (has links)
The thesis deals with the proposal, implementation and evaluation of test for fault condition indicators. Thesis focusing on earth fault indicators based on admittance principles. These indicators must be able to evaluate earth faults in compensated, compensated with auxiliary resistor, unearthed and high-resistance earthed networks. The proposed tests verify the current and voltage measurement errors in inputs including monitored characteristic variables such as conductance and susceptance. The proposed test are applied to a selected ample of the fault indicator. As part of the tests, the indicator is subjected to secondary test using the Omicron CMC256plus tester as well as test on fault records that have been converted to COMTRADE for this purpose. The last series of tests carried out uses the physical model of the medium voltage system, where the tested equipment is subjected to fault states in the compensated whit auxiliary resistor system and isolated system. Furthermore, part of the thesis is research of new methods of earth fault detection, including their principles and function description. Also included in the thesis is an overview of manufacturers of indicators, or protection, who are involved in the production of earth fault protection.
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