Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Augusto Lima Cardoso.pdf: 985032 bytes, checksum: f09cf89072d07aab7edcf296e7fc6a84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Several studies report the use of estuarine environments by migrant shorebirds in South America. However, distribution patterns of these species among estuarine habitats have been little studied. Our study aimed to investigate the distribution of migratory shorebirds (Charadriidae and Scolopacidae) and the composition and structure of assemblages of several habitats in the estuaries of rivers Mamanguape, Paraíba do Norte and Goiana in the coast of Paraíba, Brazil. Nine sites were selected for counting birds, four in open beach habitats (in ocean front) and five in inner estuarine habitats (tidal flats, a fluvial island and artificial ponds in a shrimp farm). Visual surveys were carried out at each site with the aid of binoculars and a spotting scope. Statistical analyses were applied to answer the following questions: (i) did occur differences in species densities among habitats? (ii) which factor had greatest influence on variations in densities? (iii) how counting sites can be grouped based on structure and species composition of their assemblages of birds? 72 counts were carried out from September 2010 through April 2011, during which 13 species of migratory shorebirds were recorded: Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius semipalmatus, Limnodromus griseus, Numenius phaeopus, Actitis macularius, Tringa melanoleuca, Tringa semipalmata, Tringa flavipes, Arenaria interpres, Calidris alba, Calidris pusilla, Calidris minutilla and Calidris fuscicollis. Density of species varied significantly among estuaries and categories of habitats, but not among months. The category of habitat was the factor that had greatest influence upon variations of densities. The assemblages of birds in open beaches were clearly different from the assemblages of inner habitats, with regard to their species composition and dominance pattern. The species with greatest importance on differentiation between assemblages of beaches and inner habitats were C. alba, N. phaeopus, C. pusilla and C. semipalmatus. Although we suppose that some factors not measured in this study may have exerted influence upon pattern observed, our results suggest that preferences between open beaches and inner habitats may be influencing distribution of species in estuarine landscape. / Vários estudos relatam o uso de ambientes estuarinos por aves limícolas migrantes na América do Sul. No entanto, os padrões de distribuição destas espécies entre os hábitats estuarinos têm sido pouco estudados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a distribuição de aves limícolas migratórias (Charadriidae e Scolopacidae) e as diferenças na composição e estrutura das assembléias de diversos hábitats nos estuários dos rios Mamanguape, Paraíba do Norte e Goiana, no litoral do estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Para tanto, foram selecionados nove locais para contagem das aves, sendo quatro em hábitats de praia aberta (de frente para o oceano) e cinco em hábitats interiores aos estuários (lamaçais intertidais, uma ilha fluvial e lagoas artificiais de carcinocultura). Em cada local foram realizados censos visuais com o auxílio de um binóculo e uma luneta. Análises estatísticas foram aplicadas para responder as seguintes questões: (i) ocorrem diferenças nas densidades das espécies entre os hábitats? (ii) qual fator exerce maior influência sobre as variações nas densidades? (iii) de que forma os locais de contagem podem ser agrupados com base na estrutura e composição de espécies de suas assembléias de aves? Ao todo, foram realizadas 72 contagens entre os meses de setembro de 2010 e abril de 2011, durante as quais foram registradas 13 espécies de aves limícolas migratórias: Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius semipalmatus, Limnodromus griseus, Numenius phaeopus, Actitis macularius, Tringa melanoleuca, Tringa semipalmata, Tringa flavipes, Arenaria interpres, Calidris alba, Calidris pusilla, Calidris minutilla e Calidris fuscicollis. A densidade das espécies variou significativamente entre os estuários e as categorias de hábitats, mas não entre os meses de contagem. O fator que exerceu maior influência sobre as variações na densidade foi a categoria de hábitat. As assembléias de aves que frequentaram as praias abertas foram nitidamente diferentes das assembléias dos hábitats interiores, no que diz respeito à sua composição de espécies e o padrão de dominância. As espécies com maior importância na diferenciação entre as assembléias de praia e interior foram C. alba, N. phaeopus, C. pusilla e C. semipalmatus. Apesar de reconhecermos que fatores não mensurados neste estudo podem ter exercido influência sobre o padrão observado, nossos resultados sugerem que a preferência entre hábitats de praia aberta e hábitats interiores aos estuários pode estar influenciando a distribuição das espécies na paisagem.

O uso da vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar na fertirrigação de solos agrícolas, além de ser uma boa opção para o descarte do resíduo, gera vantagens econômicas. Embora, há anos, este tipo de efluente seja amplamente aplicado em áreas agrícolas, pouco se sabe sobre seus riscos ecológicos para os organismos do solo. Neste estudo, os efeitos de duas vinhaças provenientes de usinas destilatórias diferentes (VA e VB), e outra derivada de uma destilação em laboratório (VC), sobre a fauna e microbiota do solo, foram avaliados em dois Latossolos (LV e LVA) e em um Solo Artificial Tropical (SAT). Concentrações crescentes das vinhaças foram aplicadas nos três solos para avaliar os efeitos sobre a reprodução e comportamento de espécies da fauna, bem como os efeitos dos efluentes sobre a biomassa microbiana de carbono (BMC), respiração basal (C-CO2), atividade da enzima desidrogenase (DHA), colonização de raízes de cana-de-açúcar por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e estrutura da comunidade bacteriana foram avaliados nos Latossolos LV e LVA. Para a fauna do solo, as vinhaças das usinas destilatórias foram consideradas as mais tóxicas, uma vez que os solos tratados com estes efluentes foram evitados pelas minhocas e colêmbolos, assim como a reprodução de todas as espécies foi reduzida em pelo menos um, entre os solos testados. A vinhaça originada em laboratório não causou fuga nos organismos testados e somente reduziu a reprodução de minhocas e enquitreídeos em SAT e LVA, respectivamente. Os ácaros foram os organismos menos sensíveis à presença das vinhaças. O crescimento (BMC) e metabolismo microbiano (C-CO2) aumentaram na presença de todas as vinhaças, assim como também houve incremento na colonização dos FMA nas raízes, em LVA. Entretanto, a estrutura da comunidade bacteriana foi alterada na presença das vinhaças, ocorrendo, inclusive, reduções da riqueza e diversidade, bem como aumentos da dominância de alguns grupos bacterianos no solo LV. A toxicidade das vinhaças para a fauna foi atribuída, principalmente, ao alto teor de sais, em especial ao potássio. Contudo, sugeriu-se que os aumentos no crescimento e metabolismo microbiano foram decorrentes do aumento da matéria orgânica e de outros nutrientes, adicionados ao solo pelas vinhaças. As alterações na colonização dos FMA nas raízes de cana-de-açúcar e na estrutura da comunicade bacteriana também podem ter sido influenciadas pelo acrécimo de nutrientes no solo, ou foram respostas a elementos ou substâncias poluidores presentes nas vinhaças, como, por exemplo, o excesso de potássio, ou outros aditivos utilizados durante a fermentação. Estes resultados indicam que critérios de proteção para organismos do solo devem ser considerados na derivação das doses de vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar aplicadas em solos tropicais. / The use of vinasse of cane sugar in ferti-igation of agricultural soils is a good option for disposal of this waste and generates economic advantages. This type of waste has been applied to agricultural soil for many years; however, there is little information about its ecotoxicological risks on soil organisms. In this study, the effects of two vinasse from different distillerie plants (VA and VB), and another from a laboratory distillation (VC) on the soil fauna and soil microorganisms were evaluated in two Oxisols (LV and LVA) and in a Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS). Increasing concentrations of these vinasses were applied to the soils to assess the effects on the behavior and reproduction of fauna species, and the effects of the effluents on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (C-CO2), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), colonization by mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and on the structure of the bacterial community were evaluated in the Oxisols. For the soil fauna, the vinasses from commercial distilleries proved to be the most toxic: earthworms and collembolans avoided the soils that were contaminated with these vinasses, and the reproduction of all organisms was reduced in at least one of the soils. The vinasse from the laboratory did not promote any avoidance behavior in the tested organisms and only reduced the reproduction of earthworms and enchytraeids in TAS and LVA soil, respectively. Mites were the least sensitive organisms to the vinasses. Microbial growth (MBC) and metabolism (C-CO2, DHA) increased in the presence of all the vinasses, and there was an increase in the AMF colonization of sugar-cane roots. The structure of the soil bacterial community was significantly modified by all the vinasses, with richness and diversity reductions, and increases of the dominance of bacterial groups. For the soil fauna the toxicity was attributed mainly to the high salt contents, especially to the potassium content in the vinasses. However, the increases in microbial growth and metabolism were attributed to the additional organic carbon and other nutrients added into the soils by the wastes. Changes in colonization by AMF and on the bacterial community may also have been influenced by the nutrient increase; however, these were especially considered microbial responses to the polluting elements/substances in the vinasses, as high potassium content, antibiotics or other substances added during the fermentation process. These results indicate that protection criteria for soil organisms should be considered during the derivation of the application limits of sugarcane vinasse in tropical soils.

Orientador: Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T22:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_AbelFurlan_M.pdf: 2175839 bytes, checksum: 3883ef33f2fc268ad9117685b3795634 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: As algas do gênero Bostrychia, juntamente com outras algas, formam uma comunidade que está presente nos costões, bem como associadas com pneumatóforos nos manguezais. Sua estrutura complexa propicia a retenção de sedimento, água e matéria orgânica, bem como um mosaico de algas que varia temporalmente e, formando microhabitats que são refúgios para a fauna. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a distribuição da fauna associada à comunidade de algas Bostrychietum e os fatores que influenciam a sua distribuição. Foram amostrados dois costões rochosos e uma área de manguezal no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo. Nestes locais, foram realizadas quatro coletas durante o ano de 2012, sendo obtidas amostras para a identificação da fauna associada e para a análise de fatores ambientais (teor de matéria orgânica e granulometria do sedimento). O peso da amostra (peso seco da alga + do sedimento) foi usado para o cálculo da densidade de indivíduos. A composição das algas variou nos meses amostrados em todos os locais. Amostras do mesolitoral apresentaram mais espécies de algas associadas que as do supralitoral. Tal fato influenciou a distribuição da macrofauna, uma vez que a diversidade diminuiu nas amostras com menos espécies de algas. Os moluscos e anfípodes onívoros foram abundantes em todas as amostras, sendo os anfípodes Hyalidae dominantes. A interação entre as variações sazonais das algas da comunidade e o hidrodinamismo modula a distribuição da macrofauna nos costões. No manguezal, os pneumatóforos mais próximos da água apresentaram diferenças com relação às amostras do interior do mangue quanto à composição de algas e da fauna associada. O Bostrychietum é, portanto um microecossistema com vários fatores modulando as interações entre as espécies, sendo necessárias maiores investigações das relações existentes entre as espécies e os fatores ambientais atuantes / Abstract: The algae of the genus Bostrychia together with other algae form a community present in rocky shores as well as associated to pneumatophoresin mangroves. Both their complex structure with ramifications which provide sediment, water and organic matter retention and the algae mosaic that varies seasonally foster microhabitats which are refuges for the fauna during low tide periods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of fauna associated wih algal community Bostrychietum and the factors that influence their distribution.Two rocky shores and one mangrove area in the Northern shore of São Paulo State were sampled. In these sites four samplings were made during the year of 2012: samples were collected for the identification of the associated fauna and for the analysis of environmental factors (organic matter content and sediment grain size). The weight of the sample (alga dry weight + sediment dry weight) was used to calculate the density of individuals. The algal composition varied through the sampled months as well as in relation to distance from the sea. Samples located in the mesolittotal presented more algal species associated. Such fact influenced macrofauna distribution since diversity was lower for samples containing less algal species. Omnivore mollusks and amphipods were abundant in all samples, Hyalidae amphipods being dominant.The interaction between seasonal variations of the algae in the community and the hydrodynamics modulates the distribution of macrofauna on the rocky shores. In the mangroves, those pneumatophores closer to the water presented diferences in relation to the composition of algae and associated fauna compared to samples from inner parts of the mangrove. Thus, Bostrychietum is a microecosystem with many factors modulating the interactions between species, making further investigation on the existing relationships between species and the operating environmental factors necessary / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestre em Ecologia

Orientadores: Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite, Giuliano Buzá Jacobucci / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T12:16:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Siqueira_SilvanaGomesLeite_D.pdf: 2460624 bytes, checksum: 11cc560773d9117ec50e5c04d3f4ba0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O monitoramento dos ambientes marinhos pode ser feito avaliando a presença de poluentes em organismos que são capazes de acumular estas substâncias. Desta forma, este estudo avaliou a presença de hidrocarbonetos petrogênicos na alga parda Sargassum furcatum e em anfípodes ampitoídeos associados provenientes de costões rochosos do Canal de São Sebastião, o qual está sujeito à poluição por petróleo, devido às operações do Duto e Terminais Centro Sul (DTCS) e por efluentes domésticos. Identificou-se as espécies de ampitoídeos que ocorreram associadas ao S. furcatum estudando também a variação espacial e temporal da composição desta comunidade. A relação entre os hidrocarbonetos presentes em S. furcatum, a densidade e a estrutura populacional de Cymadusa filosa, espécie de ampitoídeo mais representativa da região, também foi investigada. Adicionalmente foi realizado o estudo do comportamento reprodutivo de C. filosa e avaliado o seu uso como bioindicador de qualidade da água, por meio de teste de toxidade aguda de curta duração. O material analisado foi proveniente de 7 coletas realizadas entre março de 2007 a novembro de 2008 em 7 costões rochosos. Foram quantificados os hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e policíclicos aromáticos derivados de petróleo tanto na alga como nos anfípodes, que compostos variaram em termos de concentração entre os meses amostrados. A alga possivelmente refletiu as concentrações de hidrocarbonetos presentes na água enquanto que os anfípodes podem ter assimilado via contato direto ou via alimentação. Foram identificadas seis espécies de anfípodes da Família Ampithoidae: Ampithoe sp., A. divisura, A. marcuzzi, A. ramondi, C. filosa e Sunampithoe pelagica que apresentaram diferenças significativas em termos de ocorrência, densidades e variação temporal. A população de C. filosa, de modo geral, foi dominada por jovens, possivelmente devido a elevada fecundidade das fêmeas. Ocorreu também desvio da razão sexual a favor das fêmeas, relacionado com o comportamento diferencial do macho ou devido a sua maior sensibilidade aos hidrocarbonetos presentes na alga. Tanto hidrocarbonetos alifáticos como policíclicos aromáticos influenciaram a densidade e estrutura de tamanho dos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento de C. filosa. Foram observadas interações agonísticas entre machos e fêmeas de C.filosa, formação de tubos conjugais e a alimentação de filhotes ainda no marsúpio pela fêmea, caracterizando o cuidado parental desta espécie. Verificou-se ainda que o período de incubação dos ovos foi curto e a maturidade sexual ocorreu entre seis a sete semanas. Os resultados de toxidade aguda sugerem que C.filosa tem um potencial para uso em experimentos de ecotoxicologia marinha devido a elevada sensibilidade ao cobre e ao naftaleno, contudo estudos adicionais com outros xenobióticos são necessários para comprovação destes resultados e para validar o uso desta espécie no monitoramento dos ambientes marinhos / Abstract: The monitoring of marine environments can be made by evaluation of pollutant presence in organisms that are able to accumulate these substances. Thus, this study evaluated the occurrence of oil-derived hydrocarbons in the brown algae Sargassum furcatum and in its associated amphitoid amphipods found on rocky shores of the São Sebastião Channel, which is exposed to pollution by oil due to the operations of the Duct and Center Southern Terminal (DTCS) and domestic sewage. The species of amphitoid that occurred associated to S. furcatum were identified, and time and spatial variation of the composition of this community were also studied. The relationship between the hydrocarbons present in S. furcatum and the density and populational stucture of Cymadusa filosa, the most representative species of amphitoid in the area, was also investigated. Additionally a study on the reproductive behavior of C. filosa was conducted and its use as a bioindicator of water quality was evaluated through high toxicity test of short duration. The analysed material was obtained from 7 samples taken from march 2007 to november 2008 on 7 rocky shores. The oil-derived aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were quantified both in the algae and in the amphipods. Such compounds varied in concentration between the months of sampling. The algae possibly reflected the hydrocarbon concentrations present in the water while the amphipods may have assimilated hydrocarbons by direct contact or through the trophic chain. Six species of amphipods from the Ampithoidae family were identified: Ampithoe sp., A. divisura, A. marcuzzi, A. ramondi, C. filosa and Sunampithoe pelagica which presented significant differences in occurrence, density and temporal variation. The population of C. filosa in general was dominated by young individuals, possibly due to the high fecundity of the females, and there was a deviation of the sexual ratio favoring the females, related to the male?s differential behavior or due to its higher sensibility to hydrocarbons in the algae. Both aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons influenced the density and size structure of the different stages of development of C. filosa. Agonistic interactions between male and female C. filosa were observed, formation of share tubes and feeding of the offspring still in the pouch by the female, characterizing parental care by this species. It was also verified that the egg incubation period was short and sexual maturity occurred between six and seven weeks. The results of high toxicity suggest that C. filosa has potential for use in experiments of marine ecotoxicology due to its high sensibility to copper and naphthalene, however, additional studies with other xenonbiotics are necessary to confirm these results and to validate the use of this species in marine environments monitoring / Doutorado / Ecologia / Doutora em Ecologia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:36:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Ivan_Krolow.pdf: 5244386 bytes, checksum: 8f666539dd20fd6fe8f2c5f342fa54ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-15 / The study was performed on a rural property in the locality the Hidraulica city of Capão do Leão - Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to evaluate the influence of mineral fertilizers, organo-mineral and organic on macrofauna and mesofauna the soil. We used the following succession crops: Zea mays L.-forage Consortium (Trifolium repens L., Trifolium pratense L., Lotus corniculatus L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam), Sorghum bicolor L., Brassica napus L., Panicum maximum-Lolium multiflorum Lam, Helianthus annuus L.-Triticum aestivum L. Investigated the following treatments: T1-Control, T2-fertilizer mineral , T3- organo-mineral fertilizer, T4-compost fertilizer and T5-organic fertilizer turkey litter. The variables were: precipitation, soil properties (pHágua, pHSMP, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, nitrogen, carbon / nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, sodium, manganese, copper and zinc), attributes Soil physical (moisture and temperature), agronomic responses (yield and biomass) and soil macrofauna and mesofauna. Sowing of summer species occurred in December 2007, while those of winter, in May 2008. Grain crops were harvested at the end of their cycle, while forage in summer and winter amounted to seven six cuts successive, respectively. The results of soil temperature, soil moisture, yield, agronomic and representatives of the fauna were subjected to analysis of variance, mean test (Duncan 5%) probability. The fauna found was also analyzed for density, richness, relative frequency, classification by Abundance, diversity index and evenness index. Results related to soil fauna, macronutrients, micronutrients and soil conductivity were also submitted to multivariate analysis. The Fertilizers compost and organic-mineral was associated more effectively the majority of taxos, justifying larger the variation of data the exception of the catch of the soil inner in the culture of aruana. In experiment 1 the groups Acari, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Oligochaeta and Nematoda and nitrogen content, zinc, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus and calcium were those who 9 had contributed more in variation of the data. In experiment 2 the groups Isopoda, Diplura, Myriapoda, Acari and Dermaptera and the magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, copper, sodium, aluminum and iron were those who had contributed more in variation of the data. In experiment 3 the groups Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplura, Myriapoda, Protura and the magnesium, nitrogen, iron and manganese were those who had contributed more in variation of the data. In experiment 4 the groups Acari, Nematoda, Dermaptera, Protura, Diplura, Coleoptera and Oligochaeta and the contents of potassium, iron, copper and calcium were those who had contributed more in variation of the data. / O estudo foi realizado em uma propriedade rural, na localidade da Hidráulica no município de Capão do Leão - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com objetivo de avaliar a influência dos fertilizantes mineral, organo-mineral e orgânico sobre a macrofauna e mesofauna do solo. Foram dispostos quatro experimentos individualizados em delineamento estatístico blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições cada, em um ARGISSOLO AMARELO Distrófico típico, franco arenoso. Utilizou-se as seguintes culturas em sucessão: Zea mays L.-Consórcio forrageiro (Trifolium repens L., Trifolium pratense L., Lotus corniculatus L. e Lolium multiflorum Lam.); Sorghum bicolor L.-Brassica napus L.; Panicum maximum-Lolium multiflorum Lam.; Helianthus annuus L.-Triticum aestivum L. Investigaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: T1-Testemunha, T2-Fertilizante mineral, T3-Fertilizante organo-mineral, T4-Fertilizante-composto e T5-Fertilizante orgânico cama de peru . As variáveis analisadas foram: precipitação, propriedades químicas do solo (pHágua, pHSMP, condutividade elétrica, carbono orgânico, nitrogênio, carbono/nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, ferro, alumínio, manganês, sódio, cobre e zinco), atributos físicos do solo (umidade e temperatura), respostas agronômicas (rendimento de grãos e de fitomassa) e a macrofauna e mesofauna do solo. A semeadura das espécies de verão se deu no mês de dezembro de 2007, enquanto as de inverno, foram a partir de maio de 2008. As colheitas foram realizadas nas culturas de grãos no final do respectivo ciclo, enquanto, nas forrageiras de verão e de inverno totalizaram-se sete e seis cortes sucessivos, respectivamente. Os resultados de temperatura do solo, umidade do solo e rendimento agronômico e representantes da fauna foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de médias (Duncan 5%) de probabilidade. A fauna encontrada também foi submetida à análise de Densidade, Riqueza, Freqüência relativa, classificação por categoria de Abundância, índice de diversidade, índice de equitabilidade. Os resultados referentes à fauna edáfica, macronutrientes, micronutrientes e condutividade elétrica do solo foram submetidos também a análise multivariada. Conclui- se que: a menor diversidade e equitabilidade foram encontradas no Fertilizante mineral nas coletas realizadas no interior do solo do consórcio forrageiro, da canola, da aruana e do trigo. Assim como, nas coletas de superfície que mostram no milho, no consórcio forrageiro, na canola e na aruana e azevém os menores índices ecológicos. Os grupos Collembola, Acari, Hymenoptera e Coleoptera mostraram as maiores densidades entre os experimentos. O rendimento agronômico do milho e da aruana e azevém influenciaram mais na disposição da fauna edáfica nas coletas de interior do solo, enquanto que, nas coletas de superfície a maior contribuição foi no consórcio forrageiro no sorgo e no trigo. Aos Fertilizantes, composto e organo-mineral associaram-se mais efetivamente a maioria dos táxons, justificando-se a maior variação dos dados levantados nas coletas de interior e superfície do solo a exceção das coletas de interior do solo na cultura da aruana. No experimento 1 os grupos Acari, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Oligochaeta e Nematoda e os teores de nitrogênio, zinco, magnésio, manganês, fósforo e cálcio contribuíram mais efetivamente com a variação dos dados. No experimento 2 os grupos Isopoda, Diplura, Myriapoda, Acari e Dermaptera e os teores de magnésio, nitrogênio, fósforo, zinco, cobre, sódio, alumínio e ferro contribuíram mais efetivamente com a variação dos dados. No experimento 3 os grupos Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplura, Myriapoda, Protura e os teores de magnésio, nitrogênio, manganês e ferro contribuíram mais efetivamente com a variação dos dados. No experimento 4 os grupos Acari, Nematoda, Dermaptera, Protura, Diplura, Coleoptera, e Oligochaeta e os teores de potássio, ferro, cobre e cálcio contribuíram mais efetivamente com a variação dos dados.

We discuss faunal and contextual information of four late Pleistocene archaeological sites (Tagua Tagua 1 and 2, Quebrada Santa Julia, and Valiente) of Central-North Chile (~31° to 35° S). We synthesize available taxonomy, anatomical parts represented, evidences of anthropogenic marks, taphonomic aspects, and associated contexts. This assessment shows the behavioral variability of bone assemblages with regards to site functions. We suggest that models of transport and discard of anatomical parts of large and medium-sized prey were seldom patterned and very variable among late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in these latitudes of South America. / En el presente artículo se discute la información faunística y contextual de cuatro sitios arqueológicos (Tagua Tagua 1, Tagua Tagua 2, Quebrada Santa Julia y Valiente) correspondientes al Pleistoceno Final del centro-norte de Chile (31° a 35° S). Se sintetizan los datos referentes a la taxonomía disponible, partes anatómicas representadas, evidencias de huellas antrópicas, aspectostafonómicos y se examinan los contextos asociados. Este análisis muestra la variabilidad en el comportamiento de los conjuntos óseos en relación con las funciones del sitio. Se sugiere que los modelos de transporte y descarte de partes anatómicas de presas grandes y medianas fueron poco generalizados y muy variables entre los cazadores-recolectores del Pleistoceno Final en estas latitudesde Sudamérica.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Otto Müller Patrão de Oliveira / Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Renato Mitsuo Nagata / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Evolução e Diversidade, São Bernardo do Campo, 2017. / Com uma grande extensão de costa marítima, o Brasil apresenta diversas lacunas no conhecimento acerca da faunística, ecologia e biogeografia de diversos grupos zoológicos. Para as regiões mesopelágicas e batipelágicas a escassez de informação é ainda mais marcante em especial para os grupos do chamado zooplâncton gelatinoso. Dentre os organismos marinhos gelatinosos, os Hydrozoa são um dos grupos mais abundantes e diversos no plâncton. Como predadores, constituem um importante elo na teia trófica pelágica, podendo potencialmente afetar a distribuição e abundância de espécies de interesse econômico e consequentemente impactar algumas atividades humanas. Assim, o conhecimento acerca da diversidade e distribuição dos hidrozoários planctônicos tende a contribuir para estudos e planejamentos nas áreas de pesca e conservação de ambientes marinhos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de caracterizar a diversidade e a distribuição dos hidrozoários da plataforma continental e o talude (até 3000m de profundidade) da Bacia de Campos, oriundas das campanhas realizadas pelo projeto HABITATS, durante o período chuvoso e seco de 2009. Os dados foram analisados procurando inferir as relações entre a composição e diversidade das espécies com as massas de água características da região. Foram analisadas 645 amostras sendo divididas em 303 amostras de hidromedusas e 342 amostras de sifonóforos totalizando 28.926 espécimes de Hydrozoa, correspondendo a 73 espécies das quais 44 são sifonóforos. Todas as espécies encontradas já haviam sido previamente registradas no litoral brasileiro. As espécies Aglaura hemistoma, Diphyes bojani, Eudoxoides spiralis, Liriope tetraphyla e Muggiaea kochii foram as espécies dominantes. As espécies Aglaura hemistoma e Diphyes bojani foram encontradas em todas as massas de água analisadas, em ambos os períodos, com significativas contribuições para a composição das comunidades de todas as massas de água. Foi possível correlacionar as espécies Aglaura hemistoma, Liriope tetraphylla e Corymorpha gracilis com a Água Tropical (AT), enquanto as espécies Sminthea eurygaster, Amphogona apicata e Lensia conoidea foram indicativas da Água Central do Atlântico Sul (ACAS), e por fim, Lensia havock e Halicreas minimum foram indicativas da Água Intermediária Antártica (AIA). Quanto a comunidade de sifonóforos, a AT foi caracterizada pela presença de Muggiaea kochii, Diphyes bojani, Abylopsis tetragona, Abylopsis eschscholtzii, Eudoxoides spiralis, Bassia bassensis e Chelophyes appendiculata. A espécie M. kochi caracterizou as regiões mais rasas da plataforma e teve abundâncias decrescentes em direção às regiões de maior profundidade. Em geral, as variáveis ambientais tiveram baixa explicação (aproximadamente 10%) para a variabilidade das densidades da comunidade de hidrozoários planctônicos. As maiores correlações entre as variáveis ambientais e as densidades de sifonóforos foram observadas na AT, em que explicaram aproximadamente 40% da variação da comunidade. Dessa forma, os sifonóforos tiveram uma melhor correlação com a variabilidade ambiental do que as hidromedusas para a AT. No geral, as espécies de sifonóforos tiveram suas distribuições mais restritas a determinadas massas de água, enquanto para as hidromedusas as preferências por massas de água não foram tão claras. Mesmo com a baixa correlação entre as variáveis ambientais e os hidrozoários foi possível ampliar o conhecimento acerca da distribuição vertical das espécies, além de caracterizar possíveis correlações das espécies com as principais variáveis ambientais. / With a large extension, the Brazilian coast has several gaps on the knowledge of faunistic, ecology and biogeography of some zoological groups. For the mesopelagic and bathypelagic regions, the scarcity of information is even more evident, especially for the gelatinous zooplankton. Among the marine gelatinous organisms, hydrozoans are one of the most abundant and diverse groups in the plankton. As predators, they comprise an important link in the pelagic trophic web, potentially affecting the distribution and abundance of species of economic interest, consequently, affecting human activities. Thus, the knowledge about planktonic hydrozoans diversity and distribution contribute to studies on fisheries and conservation of marine environment. The aim of this study was to describe the diversity and distribution of hydrozoans over the continental shelf and slope (until 3000m deep) of the Campos Basin (RJ), from campaigns performed by the HABITATS project, during the rainy and dry seasons of 2009. The data was analyzed aiming to infer the possible relationships between species composition and diversity with the local water masses. A total of 645 samples were analyzed divided in 303 samples of hydromedusae and 342 samples of Siphonophorae totalizing 28,926 specimens of Hydrozoa, corresponding to 73 species, 44 of siphonophores and 29 hydromedusae. All species found have previous records for the Brazilian coast. Aglaura hemistoma, Diphyes bojani, Eudoxoides spiralis, Liriope tetraphylla and Muggiaea kochii were the dominant species. The species Aglaura hemistoma and Diphyes bojani were present in all analyzed water masses, in both seasons, with significant contribution for the community composition of all water masses. Furthermore, the species A. hemistoma, L. tetraphylla and Corymorpha gracilis were associated with the Tropical water (TW), while Sminthea eurygaster, Amphogona apicata and Lensia conoidea were indicative of the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), and finally Lensia havock and Halicreas minimum were indicative of Antartic Intermediate Water (AAIW). The Siphonophorae community in TW was characterized by the presence of M. kochii, D. bojani, Abylopsis tetragona, Abylopsis eschscholtzii, E. spiralis, Bassia bassensis and Chelophyes appendiculata. The species M. kochii characterized shallow continental shelf waters with decreasing abundance toward deeper regions. In general, environmental variables had low explanation (about 10%) to the variability in the densities of planktonic hydrozoans community. The highest correlation between environmental variables and the siphonophores densities were found in TW, which explained nearly 40% of the community variation. Siphonophorae were better environment indicative than the hydromedusa to TW. Therefore, the siphonophores had higher correlation with environmental variability than hydromedusae in the TW. Overall, the Siphonophorae species had their distribution restrict to determined water masses while the hydromedusae preferences for water masses were unclear. Even with the low correlation between the environmental variables and the Hydrozoa species was possible do increase the actual knowledge about species vertical distribution, besides characterizing possible relationships of the species with the main environmental variables.

<p>Osolike&nbsp; muve&nbsp; predstavljaju&nbsp; veoma&nbsp; bitnu&nbsp; i korisnu&nbsp; insekatsku&nbsp; grupu.&nbsp; Pružaju&nbsp; nezamenljive ekolo&scaron;ke&nbsp; i&nbsp; ekonomske&nbsp; usluge,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; usluge&nbsp; za&nbsp; životnu sredinu.&nbsp; Navedene&nbsp; usluge&nbsp; su&nbsp; omogućene&nbsp; njihovom sposobno&scaron;ću&nbsp; opra&scaron;ivanja&nbsp; biljaka&nbsp; u&nbsp; prirodnim&nbsp; i agroekosistemima,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; zahvaljujući&nbsp; larvama&ndash; predatorima&nbsp; lisnih&nbsp; va&scaron;i&nbsp; i&nbsp; drugih&nbsp; insekata,&nbsp; smanjujući ekonomske&nbsp; gubitke&nbsp; u&nbsp; prinosu&nbsp; kultivisanih&nbsp; biljaka. Takođe&nbsp; mogu&nbsp; poslužiti&nbsp; kao&nbsp; bioindikatori&nbsp; klimatskih promena&nbsp; i&nbsp; stanja&nbsp; stani&scaron;ta.&nbsp; Neke&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; imaju&nbsp; i konzervacioni značaj, obzirom da su zbog&nbsp; antropogenih uticaja postale ugrožene, &scaron;to zahteva preduzimanje mera za&nbsp; obezbeđivanje njihovog opstanka. Izuzetno bogatstvo flore i faune na Balkanskom<br />poluostrvu&nbsp; predstavlja&nbsp; jedinstveni&nbsp; ekolo&scaron;ki&nbsp; i biogeografski&nbsp; fenomen&nbsp; u&nbsp; Evropi.&nbsp; Grčka,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; jedna&nbsp; od najvažnijih&nbsp; centara&nbsp; biodiverzita&nbsp; na&nbsp; Balkanu&nbsp; i&nbsp; u Mediteranu&nbsp; se&nbsp; odlikuje&nbsp; &scaron;irokim&nbsp; spektrom&nbsp; važnih&nbsp; tipova ekosistema,&nbsp; od&nbsp; kojih&nbsp; su&nbsp; najbitniji&nbsp; &scaron;umski,&nbsp; budući&nbsp; da najveći&nbsp; broj&nbsp; osolikih&nbsp; muva&nbsp; preferira&nbsp; upravo&nbsp; taj&nbsp; tip stani&scaron;ta.<br />Značaj&nbsp; faunističkih&nbsp; istraživanja&nbsp; se&nbsp; ogleda&nbsp; u otkrivanju&nbsp; sastava&nbsp; i&nbsp; brojnosti&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; na&nbsp; određenim stani&scaron;tima ili područjima. Faunistički sastav pruža uvid u biodiverzitet&nbsp; istraživane&nbsp; oblasti,&nbsp; koja&nbsp; se&nbsp; neprekidno menja,&nbsp; naročito&nbsp; u&nbsp; poslednje&nbsp; vreme&nbsp; pod&nbsp; uticajem negativnog&nbsp; antropogenog&nbsp; uticaja.&nbsp; Podaci&nbsp; o&nbsp; vrstama mogu&nbsp; biti&nbsp; od&nbsp; velikog&nbsp; značaja&nbsp; za&nbsp; eventualne&nbsp; programe za&scaron;tite&nbsp; i&nbsp; oporavka&nbsp; ugroženih&nbsp; vrsta,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; u&nbsp; planiranju formiranja&nbsp; novih&nbsp; za&scaron;tićenih&nbsp; područja&nbsp; ili&nbsp; u&nbsp; uvođenju novih mera za&scaron;tite u već postojećim prirodnim dobrima.<br />Prepoznavanje ugroženih vrsta ili ugroženih stani&scaron;ta koje one&nbsp; naseljavaju,&nbsp; igra&nbsp; bitnu&nbsp; ulogu&nbsp; u&nbsp; planiranju konzervacionih strategija za njihovo očuvanje. Rezultati&nbsp; doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; upotpunjujuznanje o faunističkom sastavu, taksonomiji, distribuciji i&nbsp; diverzitetu osolikih muva u Grčkoj. Pomoću sakupljenih&nbsp; podataka&nbsp; formiran&nbsp; je&nbsp; identifikacioni&nbsp; ključ&nbsp; za razlikovanje&nbsp; kako&nbsp; rodova&nbsp; tako&nbsp; i&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp;&nbsp; registrovanih&nbsp; na&nbsp; ovom&nbsp; području,&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; u&nbsp; velikoj&nbsp; meri&nbsp; pomaže&nbsp; u&nbsp; daljim faunističkim&nbsp; istraživanjima.&nbsp; Kao&nbsp; rezultat&nbsp; ove&nbsp; doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; dobijena&nbsp; je&nbsp; konačna&nbsp; lista&nbsp; od&nbsp; 418&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; iz&nbsp; 83 roda.&nbsp; Od&nbsp; ukupnog&nbsp; broja&nbsp; zabeleženih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; 64&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; su&nbsp; prvi put registrovane na teritoriji Grčke, dok&nbsp; su 18 vrsta&nbsp; nove za nauku.<br />Osnovni&nbsp; cilj&nbsp; ovog&nbsp; rada&nbsp; je&nbsp; revizija&nbsp; faune osolikih muva&nbsp; Grčke&nbsp; na osnovu prikupljenog materijala iz&nbsp; publikovanih&nbsp; i&nbsp; nepublikovanih&nbsp; zbirki&nbsp; i&nbsp; dopunskih<br />terenskih istraživanja, sastavljanje liste o svim poznatim&nbsp; vrstama&nbsp; sa&nbsp; područja&nbsp; Grčke,&nbsp; i&nbsp; izrada&nbsp; identifikacionog ključa&nbsp; za&nbsp; razlikovanje&nbsp; zabeleženih&nbsp; rodova&nbsp; i&nbsp; vrsta<br />(praćeni&nbsp; fotografijama&nbsp; i&nbsp; crtežima&nbsp; dijagnostičkih morfolo&scaron;kih&nbsp; karaktera&nbsp; adultnih&nbsp; jedinki).&nbsp; Drugi&nbsp; deo doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; se&nbsp; bavi&nbsp; prepoznavanjem&nbsp; retkih&nbsp; i<br />ugroženih vrsta Grčke sa naglaskom na njihovu za&scaron;titu i konzervaciju.&nbsp; U&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; disertacije je&nbsp; izvr&scaron;ena&nbsp; prostorna analiza distribucije vrsta na području&nbsp; Grčke, koja su već ugrožena&nbsp; na&nbsp; evropskom&nbsp; i&nbsp; balkanskom&nbsp; nivou,&nbsp; a&nbsp; u&nbsp; cilju&nbsp; određivanja&nbsp; područja&nbsp; sa&nbsp; posebnim&nbsp; značajem&nbsp; za&nbsp; njihovo očuvanje.</p> / <p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> 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5.4pt;mso-para-margin-top:0in;mso-para-margin-right:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}</style><![endif]--></p><p class="MsoNormal">Hoverflies&nbsp; are&nbsp; a&nbsp; very&nbsp; important&nbsp; and&nbsp; useful&nbsp; insect group.&nbsp; They&nbsp; provide&nbsp;&nbsp; irreplaceable&nbsp; environmental&nbsp; and economic&nbsp; services,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; environmental&nbsp; services.&nbsp; These services&nbsp; are&nbsp; enabled&nbsp; by&nbsp; their&nbsp; ability&nbsp; to&nbsp; pollinate&nbsp; plants&nbsp; in natural&nbsp; and&nbsp; agroecosystems,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; thanks&nbsp; to&nbsp; larvaepredators&nbsp; of&nbsp; aphids&nbsp; and&nbsp; other&nbsp; insects,&nbsp; reducing&nbsp; economic losses&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; yield&nbsp; of&nbsp; cultivated&nbsp; plants. Hoverflies&nbsp; are extremely important for the environment, as they can serve as bioindicators of climate change and habitat conditions. Some species&nbsp; also&nbsp; have&nbsp; conservation&nbsp; importance,&nbsp; since&nbsp; they&nbsp; have become&nbsp; endangered&nbsp; due&nbsp; to&nbsp; anthropogenic&nbsp; effects,&nbsp; which requires taking measures to ensure their survival. The extraordinary richness of flora and fauna on the Balkan&nbsp; Peninsula&nbsp; represents&nbsp; a&nbsp; unique&nbsp; ecological&nbsp; and biogeographical phenomenon in Europe. Greece, as one of the most important center of biodiversity in the Balkans and in the Mediterranean,&nbsp; is&nbsp; characterized&nbsp; by&nbsp; a&nbsp; wide&nbsp; spectrum&nbsp; of important&nbsp; ecosystem&nbsp; types,&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; important&nbsp; of&nbsp; which&nbsp; are forests, since the largest number of hoverflies prefer this type of habitat.The importance of faunal research is reflected in the discovery&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; composition&nbsp; and&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; species&nbsp; in specific habitats or areas. The faunal composition provides an insight into the biodiversity of the investigated area, which is&nbsp; constantly&nbsp; changing,&nbsp; especially&nbsp; lately&nbsp; under&nbsp; the&nbsp; influence&nbsp; of negative&nbsp; anthropogenic impact. Data about species can be of great importance for possible programs for the protection and recovery of endangered species, as well as in the planning of the formation of new protected areas or in the introduction of new&nbsp; measures&nbsp; of&nbsp; protection&nbsp; in&nbsp; already&nbsp; existing&nbsp; natural resources.&nbsp; Identifying&nbsp; endangered&nbsp; species&nbsp; or&nbsp; endangered habitats&nbsp; they&nbsp; inhabit&nbsp; plays&nbsp; an&nbsp; important&nbsp; role&nbsp; in&nbsp; planning conservation strategies for their conservation.The&nbsp; results&nbsp; of&nbsp; these&nbsp; thesis&nbsp; complement&nbsp; the knowledge&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; fauna&nbsp; composition,&nbsp; taxonomy,&nbsp; distribution and diversity of hoverflies in Greece. Using the collected data, an&nbsp; identification&nbsp; key&nbsp; was&nbsp; formed&nbsp; to&nbsp; distinguish&nbsp; both&nbsp; the genera&nbsp; and&nbsp; species&nbsp; registered&nbsp; in&nbsp; this&nbsp; area,&nbsp; which&nbsp; greatly assisted in further faunistic research. As a result of these thesis a final list of 418 species rom 83 genus was obtained. Of the total&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; recorded&nbsp; species,&nbsp; 64&nbsp; species&nbsp; were&nbsp; first&nbsp; time registered in the territory of Greece, while a total of 18 species are new to science. The main goal of this paper is to revise the fauna of Greek&nbsp; howerflies&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; collected&nbsp; material&nbsp; from published&nbsp; and&nbsp; unpublished&nbsp; collections&nbsp; and&nbsp; additional&nbsp; field research, compile a list of all known species from&nbsp; Greece, and create an identification key to distinguish the recorded genera and&nbsp; species&nbsp; (accompanied&nbsp; by&nbsp; photographs&nbsp; and&nbsp; drawings&nbsp; of diagnostic morphological characters of adult individuals). The second&nbsp; part&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; thesis&nbsp; deals&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; identification&nbsp; of&nbsp; rare and endangered species of Greece&nbsp; with an emphasis on their protection&nbsp; and&nbsp; conservation.&nbsp; Within&nbsp; the&nbsp; framework&nbsp; of&nbsp; the dissertation, a spatial analysis of the distribution of species in Greece&nbsp; was&nbsp; carried&nbsp; out,&nbsp; already&nbsp; threatened&nbsp; at&nbsp; the&nbsp; European and&nbsp; Balkan&nbsp; levels,&nbsp; in&nbsp; order&nbsp; to&nbsp; determine&nbsp; areas&nbsp; of&nbsp; special<br />significance for their preservation.</p>

Roads acts as barriers for wildlife and together with wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) they can threaten populations size and genetic diversity. Wildlife fences are a common measure to reduce WVC which can increase the barrier. Mitigation measures often used to increase landscape connectivity are fauna passages such as overpasses and underpasses that allow animals to cross the roads. These types of fauna passages are often very expensive and therefore it is of interest to find an alternative for roads that might not have the financial motivation to build such structures. This study examined the behaviour of animals in an at-grade fauna passage with an animal detection system in Sjödiken, Sweden, which was installed in 2019. A previous study of the fauna passage showed that roe deer spent a long time grazing in the entering zone and the road verge of the passage was therefore sanded. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the time in the passage changed after sanding as well as how it affected the crossing success of the animals. Results showed a decrease in time spent in the entering zone for roe deer, red deer and wild boar as well as a decrease in total time in passage for red deer and wild boar. Crossing success increased after sanding for roe deer, and red deer also showed a tendency to increased crossing success. Wild boars crossing success did not change but was high both before and after sand treatment.

The Mediterranean biocoenosis of infralittoral pebbles has been poorly studied and very little information is available on the physical characteristics of pebble beds, on the diversity of the associated assemblages, on the spatial and temporal variation in assemblage structure, or on interactions between the physical and biotic components. The present study was therefore carried out to characterise pebble-bed assemblages as a first step towards understanding the ecological dynamics of these habitats. Preliminary surveys were made along the low-lying coasts of the Maltese Islands to map the occurrence of pebble-bed habitats. Fifteen locations with pebble coverage >25 m² were chosen for study and benthic sampling was undertaken between July–September 2011; water samples were also collected on a monthly basis. Five shallow sites were sampled for biota again at six-month intervals until April 2013. The pebble beds were characterised in terms of environmental parameters and biotic composition. A total of 62,742 individuals belonging to 360 macrofaunal taxa were recorded (total sampling area: 16 m²). Polychaetes, crustaceans and molluscs were the most common faunal groups. The recorded species included the endemic gastropod Gibbula nivosa, and the first central Mediterranean records of three gobiid species. Three distinct pebble-bed types were characterised based on physical and biological features: shallow beds occurring in rocky coves, beds found within creeks or seagrass meadows, and beds located in harbour environments; amendments to internationally used benthic habitat classification schemes have been proposed, since only a single category of pebble-bed habitats is currently recognised in these. A significant seasonal reduction in species richness and abundance was recorded from shallow sites, related to the higher level of disturbance occurring during winter storms. Analysis of diversity patterns in harbour sites indicated that a high richness per site and between-site variation in species composition led to the observed high diversity. Site richness was associated with fine-scale structural complexity, while environmental characteristics were correlated with variation in assemblage structure over a broad range of spatial scales. These findings suggest that pebble beds have a higher conservation value than generally thought. The biologically derived habitat classification scheme and knowledge on assemblage-environment relationships derived from the present work will be useful to inform and guide management decisions concerning these pebble-bed habitats.