Previous research has shown that a range of physical and biological drivers can influence the composition of faunal assemblages occupying localities within streams. There is much debate in the literature about which of these is more important. Descriptive and experimental field studies were conducted in two relatively undisturbed, second order rainforest streams in southeast Queensland, Australia. The principal objectives were to describe spatial and temporal patterns in pool fauna and explore relationships between these patterns and physical attributes of habitat, disturbance and biotic interactions. The macroinvertebrate and vertebrate fauna of 12 small stream pools were sampled approximately monthly over a period of 15 months. Samples were collected from all major within-pool habitat types and concurrent measurements of potentially important environmental parameters were made at landscape scales of stream, pool and habitat patch. Faunal assemblages were consistently different between the two streams and between the various within-pool habitat types, although the latter may partially be explained by differences in sampling protocols applied in the different habitat types. However, spatial and temporal variation in faunal assemblages within habitat types was large at the scales of whole pools and within-pool habitats, and this variation occurred apparently independently of variation in physical habitat attributes. These results indicated that very little of the local scale faunal variation could be explained by abiotic drivers and that some other factors must be responsible for the observed faunal patterns. Previous research had indicated that atyid shrimps can play a significant ecological role in rainforest streams, where they act as 'ecosystem engineers' by removing fine sediment from hard surfaces. This subsequently alters algal dynamics and faunal composition in streams. A pool-scale manipulative experiment was conducted to investigate the role of the atyid Paratya australiensis, which is an abundant and conspicuous component of the fauna. Removal of shrimp from pools had no effect on sediment accrual on hard surfaces and consequently did not affect algal biomass or faunal assemblages. The lack of effect on sediment accumulation was attributed to the low rate of deposition in these streams, which was an order of magnitude lower than in streams where atyids have been demonstrated to play a keystone role. The fish Mogurnda adspersa was found to be the primary predator of pool fauna in the study streams, where it preyed on a wide variety of taxa. Dietary analyses revealed that an ontogenetic shift occurred in both diet and the within-pool habitat where fish fed. Within this general framework, individual fish had strong individual prey preferences. Significant correlations were found between the natural abundance of Mogurnda in pools and faunal assemblage patterns in both gravel habitat and pools in general, indicating that predation had an effect on pool fauna. The nature of this effect varied between habitats. A direct density dependent response was observed in gravel habitat. In contrast, the response in pools varied considerably between individual pools, perhaps reflecting the differing prey preferences of individual fish. Despite these correlations, an experimental manipulation of the density of Mogurnda at a whole-pool scale did not conclusively identify a predation effect. This may have been due to problems with fish moving between treatments, despite attempts to constrain them, and low experimental power due to the inherent high variability of pool fauna. Overall, the results of the study indicated that there was considerable spatial and temporal variation in pool fauna despite similarities in the physical attributes of pools and their close proximity. This variation appeared to occur at random and could not be explained by abiotic or biotic factors. Predation had a small effect, but could not explain the overall patterns, whereas disturbance by spates had very little effect at all. Stochastic processes associated with low level random recruitment were identified as a possible and plausible explanation for observed patterns. These conclusions are discussed in terms of their implications for our understanding of the ecology and management of streams.

Tyrimo objektas – Kamšos botaninio – zoologinio draustinio teritorijoje sutinkami medžiojamieji žvėrys (graužikai, kiškiažvėriai, plėšrieji, porakanopiniai) ir paukščiai (antiniai, vištiniai, tilvikiniai, varniniai). Darbo tikslas – įvertinti Kamšos botaninio – zoologinio draustinio medžiojamosios faunos būklę. Siekiant darbo tikslo buvo iškelti tokie uždaviniai: 1) nustatyti draustinio medžiojamosios faunos rūšinę sudėtį, atskirų rūšių gausą bei tankį; 2) nustatyti plėšrūnų ir aukų santykį bei jo atitikimą ekologiniam santykiui; 3) įvertinti elninių žvėrių žiemos ganyklų būklę; 4) nustatyti draustinio teritorijoje perinčių, galinčių perėti bei sutinkamų tik migracijų metu medžiojamųjų paukš����������ių rūšinę sudėtį. Tyrimo metodai – Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių mokslinės literatūros analizė bei sintezė, duomenų grupavimas, statistiniai metodai, grafinis vaizdavimas, Ch. Aldous'o metodas, Pojarkovo metodas, R. McCain'o metodas. Tyrimo laikotarpis apima 2005 -2007 metus. Išstudijavus lietuvių ir užsienio autorių mokslinius veikalus bei periodinę literatūrą apie medžiojamosios faunos elgseną įtakojančius veiksnius, elninių žvėrių gausa, tankis žiemos ganyklose, bendras tankis, pasiskirstymas teritorijoje žiemą nustatyta žiemos ekskrementų krūvelių apskaitos metodu, R. McCain'o metodu. Elninių žvėrių žiemos ganyklų būklė įvertinta Ch. Aldous'o metodu. Bebrų šeimos vidutinio dydžio koeficientas nustatytas pagal medžių ir krūmų graužimų kiekį Pojarkovo metodu. / Object of research – hunted animals (gnawers, hare-type animals, predators, double-hoofed animals) and wildfowl (duck-type, gallinaceous, scolopacidae (sandpiper-type), crow-type) met in the territory of wadding botanical – zoological reservation. Purpose of the Paper – evaluate the state of hunted fauna in the wadding botanical – zoological reservation. Achieving the purpose the following goals were raised: 1) to determine the varietal composition, abundance and density of certain species of the hunted fauna in the reservation; 2) to determine the ratio between predators and preys, and its conformity with ecological ratio; 3) to evaluate the state of winter pastures of cervine animals; 4) to determine the varietal composition of brooding, able to brood and only in the time of migration met wildfowl. Methods of research – analysis and synthesis of Lithuanian and foreign scientific literature, data grouping, statistical methods, graphical presentation, Ch. Aldous method, Pojarkov method, R. McCain method. The research period is the years 2005 – 2007. After studying scientific works of Lithuanian and foreign authors and periodic literature about the factors influencing the behaviour of hunted fauna, the abundance of cervine animals, density in winter pastures, general density, distribution in the territory in winter were determined by the method of winter-time excrement heaps record, R. McCain method. The state of winter pastures of cervine animals was determined by the Ch... [to full text]

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The southwest region of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state has widespread areas with sandy soils in the process of sandification. In the present study, we report the effect of different intercropping in blackberry plants on the soil recuperation and crop productivity. The experiment was conducted in São Francisco de Assis located in southwest region of the RS. The soil was a typical Psament with 60 g kg-1 clay and 0.5 g kg-1 organic matter in the top 0- 10 cm layer. The crops that were intercropped with blackberry were jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) / oat (Avena strigosa) (JB-O); Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) (BRA) and native grass (NG). The soil recuperation was measured by assessing the C and N stocks in the soil and biological indicators such as the enzymatic activity and soil fauna in relation to traditional grazing native grass (GNP). Results showed that intercropping of crops with blackberry improved soil biological conditions in relation to the GNP. Intercropping of JB-O with blackberry resulted in high dry matter production and C and N accumulation in shoots. Similarly, among the crops BRA appeared to be the crop that has potential to increase C and N stocks in the soils. This effect could be explained the rooting system of this grass. The presence of NG under blackberry helped to achieve average fruit yield and could be used as a strategy to establish the cultivation of blackberry in this region. Moreover, blackberry showed adaptation to the ecological conditions of the sandy soils and can be considered as an alternative crop for 1) recovering and reducing the outspread of sandification 2) as a possible source of income for the farmers of this region. / Na região sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) existem extensas áreas com solos arenosos em processo de arenização. O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar o efeito de diferentes culturas intercalares a amoreira-preta sobre a recuperação de solo em processo de arenização e produtividade da cultura na região Sudoeste do RS, no município de São Francisco de Assis. O solo do experimento foi um Neossolo Quartzarênico típico com 60 g kg-1 de argila e 0,5 g kg-1 de matéria orgânica na camada de 0-10 cm. Os tratamentos avaliados nas entrelinhas da amoreira-preta foram os seguintes: feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis)/aveia preta (Avena strigosa) (FP-AP); Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) (BRA); e campo nativo (CN). A recuperação do solo no pomar foi medida através da avaliação da recuperação dos estoques de C e N no solo e de indicadores biológicos como, a atividade enzimática e a fauna do solo em relação ao campo nativo sob pastejo tradicional (CN-T). Os tratamentos FP-AP, BRA e CN nas entrelinhas da amoreira-preta resultaram em melhora das condições biológicas do solo em relação ao CN-T. A combinação de feijão-de-porco e aveia-preta nas entrelinhas da amoreirapreta apresentou maior produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e acúmulo de C e N. A BRA foi a espécie que se destacou quanto a capacidade de promover o aumento do estoque de C e N no solo na entrelinha da amoreira-preta. Efeito esse devido possivelmente ao sistema radicular agressivo desta gramínea. A permanência do CN nas entrelinhas da amoreira-preta, além de permitir a obtenção de média produtividade de frutos, se apresenta como uma alternativa para a redução no custo de implantação e condução do pomar com essa espécie frutífera na região dos solos arenosos do sudoeste do RS. A amoreira-preta apresentou adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas dos solos arenosos do sudoeste do RS, podendo ser considerada como alternativa para a recuperação e redução do avanço das áreas arenizadas e também como uma possibilidade de fonte de renda para o produtor rural desta região do estado.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NerivaniaNG_DISSERT.pdf: 4462053 bytes, checksum: bf282e929e5cb41585970850c4d05edb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / The family Entomobryidae is one of the most diverse families of Collembola in Northeast Brazil. Data on its diversity may be considered undervalued due to low collection efforts in the region. In this study, five areas in the Northeast region were sampled, to evaluate the species richness of this family. The study was done in the Serra da Jib?ia, Santa Terezinha municipality, Bahia; Serra das Confus?es, Caracol municipality, Piau?; Chapada do Araripe, Crato municipality, Cear?; Mata do Pau-Ferro, Areia municipality, Para?ba and Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Ubajara municipality, Cear?, all considered humid areas of Caatinga. Collections were made using pitfall traps and entomological aspirators. All the collected material was screened, mounted on slides, identified and, finally, the descriptions of some of the new species encountered were made. A total of 48 Entomobryidae species belonging to nine genera were recorded and 27 of these were new to science, representing a percentage of 56.25% of the total. A new record for Brazil was identified and several new records were made to the States. Seira was the genus with wider distribution and it was the only one found in all areas and the most representative with the highest number of recorded species (26). This result was expected, because individuals of the genus Seira have a good adaptability to semi-arid environments, a fact that has already been proven in previous research. Seven new species of Seira were described. A dichotomous key to genera and species of Seirini from Brazil was drafted. This work demonstrates the great potential of Entomobryidae and Seirini in the Northeast, despite having been held in very restricted areas, obtained important results for the knowledge of fauna of the group / A fam?lia Entomobryidae ? uma das mais diversas fam?lias de Collembola do Nordeste Brasileiro. Dados sobre sua diversidade podem ser considerados subestimados devido ao baixo esfor?o de coleta na regi?o. No presente estudo, foram realizadas coletas em cinco localidades do Nordeste, nunca antes amostradas, objetivando avaliar a riqueza de esp?cies desta fam?lia. O estudo foi feito na Serra da Jib?ia, munic?pio de Santa Teresinha, Bahia; Serra das Confus?es, munic?pio de Caracol, Piau?; Chapada do Araripe, mun?cipio do Crato, Cear?; Mata do Pau-Ferro, munic?pio de Areia, Para?ba; e Parque Nacional de Ubajara, munic?pio de Ubajara, Cear?, todas consideradas ?reas ?midas da Caatinga. As coletas foram feitas utilizando-se armadilhas de queda do tipo pitfall e aspiradores entomol?gicos. Todo o material coletado foi triado, montado em l?minas, identificado e, por fim, foram feitas as descri??es de algumas das esp?cies novas encontradas. Um total de 48 esp?cies de Entomobryidae pertencentes a nove g?neros foram registradas e 27 destas s?o esp?cies novas para a ci?ncia, o que representa um percentual de 56,25% do total. Um novo registro de esp?cie para o Brasil foi identificado e novos registros para os estados foram feitos. O g?nero que possuiu distribui??o mais ampla foi Seira, o ?nico encontrado em todas as ?reas e o mais representativo com o maior n?mero de esp?cies registradas (26). Esse resultado j? era esperado, pois indiv?duos do g?nero Seira possuem uma boa adaptabilidade a ambientes semi-?ridos, fato que j? foi comprovado em pesquisas anteriores. Sete novas esp?cies do g?nero Seira foram descritas. Uma chave dicot?mica de identifica??o dos g?neros e esp?cies de Seirini com ocorr?ncia no Brasil foi elaborada. Este trabalho demonstrou o grande potencial de Entomobryidae e Seirini no Nordeste, visto que, apesar de ter sido realizado em ?reas bem restritas, obteve resultados importantes para o conhecimento da fauna do grupo

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Lofego / Banca: Carlos H. W. Flechtmann / Banca: Samuel Roggia / Resumo: O Cerrado é um dos principais biomas brasileiros devido à abundância de espécies endêmicas e à extensão territorial. Apresenta várias fitofisionomias, dentre as quais o cerrado sensu stricto. Parte desse bioma tem sido destruída para avanço da agricultura, principalmente para o cultivo de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) (Fabaceae), que tornou-se uma das principais atividades da região. Assim, percebe-se que o modelo de agricultura atual não mantém o equilíbrio entre produção agrícola e preservação ambiental. Essa integração passa necessariamente pelo conhecimento sobre as espécies de organismos que habitam as áreas próximas aos cultivos; já estas podem se dispersar para as lavouras e interferir na sua produtividade. Ácaros são importantes neste contexto, principalmente pela existência de espécies-praga e espécies predadoras. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a acarofauna associada a plantas em áreas de cerrado sensu stricto e cultivos de soja na região central do país, além de verificar a influência da fitofisionomia sobre a acarofauna dessa cultura. Para isso, o trabalho foi organizado em três capítulos. No primeiro, foi realizado um levantamento da acarofauna associada a plantas nativas em 10 fragmentos de cerrado sensu stricto através de amotragens qualitativas, além de análise da similaridade e diversidade β para as comunidades de ácaros entre indivíduos de plantas hospedeiras localizados em diferentes áreas. Foram encontradas 123 espécies de ácaros, pertencentes a 20 famílias. Os testes de similaridade e diversidade β demonstraram que uma mesma espécie de planta apresentou diferentes comunidades de ácaros, conforme o fragmento analisado. Isso sugere que somente a conservação de várias áreas de cerrado sensu stricto ao longo do bioma pode manter preservada sua acarofauna plantícola. No capítulo dois, foi realizado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Cerrado is one of the major biomes due to abundance of endemic species and territorial dimension. It presents various vegetation types, among which there is the cerrado sensu stricto. Part of this biome has been lost to agricultural encroachment, mainly for the cultivation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) (Fabaceae), that became one of main activities in the region. Thus, it realized that this model does not maintain a balance between agricultural production and environmental preservation. This integration necessarily involves knowledge about the species of organisms that inhabit the areas near the crops, since they can disperse into crops, and interfere with their productivity. Mites are important in this context mainly by the existence of pest species and predators. Therefore, this study aimed to know the mites associated with plants in the cerrado sensu stricto and soybean crops in the central region of the country, and to investigate the influence of this phytophysiognomy on the mites in soybeans. For this, the work was organized into three chapters. At first, a survey was made of the mite fauna associated with native plants of the 10 fragments of Cerrado through qualitative samplings, and analysis of similarity and β diversity to mite communities among individuals of host plants located in different areas. 123 species of mites were found, belonging to 20 families. Tests for similarity and β diversity demonstrated that a single plant species may have different plant communities of mites, according to fragment. This suggests that only the preservation of various areas of Cerrado along the biome can keep its mite fauna preserved. In chapter two, a survey was made of mite species associated with 10 soybean fields in the middle region of the Cerrado by quantitative and qualitative samplings, and also ecological analysis. 30 species of mites were found, belonging... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The diploma thesis is aimed at a comparison of tine and disc cultivators by several parameters which are most affecting the quality of a soil cultivation, and in the effect of the epigeic fauna, represented by ground beetles (Carabidae). Experiment was carried out twice during the season (after a harvest of wheat and rape) while soil was being cultivated with disc cultivator Lemken Rubin or tine cultivator Horsch Tiger. The experiment was carried out on the fields of ZD "Vysočina" Zbýšov and measured parameters were: plant residue decomposition, cultivation depth, diameter of aggregates, weed infestation and crop plant emergence, and abundance of ground beetles. Using the statistic tests, it was found, that almost every parameter describing the quality of the cultivation was influenced by the type of the cultivator. Tine cultivator had a higher decomposition of plant residues. This difference was more obvious when cultivating the field after rape harvest (P < 0.001) than field after wheat harvest (P < 0.01). Tine cultivator was more precise with keeping the cultivation depth as planned. Disc cultivator had a higher crumbling capacity. At the higher speed the machines were more inclining to come out of the ground at higher speeds (P < 0.05). A cultivation had a very negative influence on Carabidae population. On a rape stubble there was a 193 specimens caught in traps before the cultivation with two dominant species - Pseudoophonus rufipes and Pterostichus melanarius. Only 41 specimens was found in the traps after the cultivation.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Crop Livestock Integration System (ILP) is based on diversification, rotation, intercropping and/or succession of agriculture and livestock activities within the rural property. The aim of the study was to evaluated if different grazing intensities applied in the ILP change soil fauna diversity and activity, thus identifying soil quality indicators in soils under ILP systems. The experimental area consisted of 14 plots, where treatments are based on four grazing intensities (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm) regulated from the pasture height and distributed in an experimental design of randomized blocks. It was used three replicates, and two areas of ungrazed blocks as reference areas. Sampling was performed by five points to mites and nine points for the eartworms in each plot, pre-set by the use locations on a grid, with the same measurements, regardless of the size of plots, after grazing of cattle and after soybean harvest. Funnel Berleze-Tullgren Modified was assessed to verify the presence of edaphic mites. The Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility methodology (TSBF) was carried out to collected earthworms. The total mites density is favored by the 20cm height in after grazing of cattle in ILP system. In the assessment, there is a greater diversity of mites families (Upododidae, Pachilaelapidae, Nothridae, Phthiracaridae, Galumnidae, Oribatidae, Trombiculidae, Cunaxidae four unidentified) after soybean cultivation. The presence of earthworms were highest after soybean cultivation and of in 10-20cm deep layer on Integration Livestock System. The presence of two families of Glossoscolecidae and Ocnerodrilidae worms were verified in ILP area, with different grazing intensities. Moreover, the first occurrence of the species Eukerria michaelsen was recorded in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. / O sistema de Integração Lavoura Pecuária (ILP) é baseado na diversificação, rotação, consorciação e/ou sucessão das atividades de agricultura e de pecuária dentro da propriedade rural. Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar influencia de diferentes intensidades de pastejo aplicadas na ILP, após colheita da soja e após saído dos bovinos, na ocorrência de ácaros edáficos e minhocas. A área experimental foi composta de 14 parcelas, onde os tratamentos baseiam-se em quatro intensidades de pastejo (10, 20, 30 e 40 cm) reguladas a partir da altura da pastagem. As parcelas são distribuídas em um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, e duas áreas entre blocos sem pastejo, como áreas de referência. A amostragem foi realizada em cinco pontos para os ácaros e nove pontos para as minhocas em cada parcela, em locais pré-estabelecidos pelo uso de um grid, com as mesmas medidas, independente do tamanho da parcela, após o pastejo dos bovinos e após a colheita da soja. Para avaliação da presença dos ácaros edáficos utilizou-se Funil de Berleze-Tullgren Modificado. Para as minhocas foram coletadas por meio da metodologia do Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF). A densidade total de ácaros é favorecida pela altura de 20cm no após pastejo dos bovinos no sistema ILP. Na avaliação, após o cultivo de soja, há uma maior diversidade de famílias de ácaros (Upododidae, Pachilaelapidae, Nothridae, Phthiracaridae, Galumnidae, Oribatidae, Trombiculidae, Cunaxidae e quatro morfotipos não identificados). Para a presença de minhocas há uma maior abundância após cultivo da soja na profundidade de 10-20cm no sistema estudado. Estas minhocas foram caracterizadas sendo de duas famílias, Glossoscolecidae e Ocnerodrilidae. Registro-se o primeiro relato da espécie Eukerria michaelsen, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As long as the agricultural expansion progresses over the Pampa biome, the simplification and contamination of environments have become the main causing agents of loses of diversity of several soil organisms, among them the springtails. The Collembola class is one of the most plentiful groups present in the soil fauna; being responsible for the fragmentation of plant detritus, fungi dispersion, decomposition, nutrient mineralization and others; developing this way an elementary function at the dynamic of ecosystem operation. Springtails have a cosmopolitan distribution and can be found in almost all ecosystems, from the flooded areas until the higher elevations. Besides performing fundamental role at the ecosystem operation and be present in all zoogeographic regions, studies about Collembola class are overlooked and incipient at many areas, which is the case of Rio Grande do Sul. To that end, this study had as objective to schedule the distribution of springtails in different soil uses at the Central Depression Area of Rio Grande do Sul, allying taxonomic study to ecological parameters, aiming to contribute for the knowledge about dynamics of Collembola population in different soil uses at this region. Collects were performed with the aid of PROVID traps between November of 2013 and June of 2014, covering the annual seasonality. At all, were identified nineteen species and eighteen genders belonging to seven different families. The results showed indications of seasonality on the springtails distribution, and a preference for protected forest area, with eleven species belonging to six families collected. The area with less richness of species was the impacted one, with seven species belonging to four families, and the tillage with eight species belonging to four families collected. These data suggest to the loses of diversity caused, mainly, by ecosystem fragmentation and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. / A medida que a expansão agrícola avança sobre os ecótopos do Bioma Pampa, a simplificação e a contaminação de ambientes tem se tornado os principais agentes causadores da perda de diversidade de vários organismos do solo entre eles os colêmbolos. A Classe Collembola é um dos grupos mais abundantes na fauna do solo, sendo responsável pela fragmentação de detritos vegetais, dispersão de fungos, decomposição, mineralização de nutrientes, entre outros, desempenhando assim papel fundamental na dinâmica do funcionamento dos ecossistemas. Os colêmbolos possuem distribuição cosmopolita e estão presentes em quase todos os ecossistemas, desde áreas alagadas até altitudes mais altas. Apesar de desempenhar papel fundamental no funcionamento dos ecossistemas e estarem presentes em todas as regiões zoogeográficas, estudos da Classe Collembola, são negligenciados e incipientes em várias regiões, como é o caso do Rio Grande do Sul. Neste intuito, o presente estudo teve como objetivo inventariar a distribuição dos colêmbolos em diferentes usos de solos na Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul, aliando o estudo taxonômico à parâmetros ecológicos, com fins de contribuir para o conhecimento da dinâmica populacional da Classe Collembola em diferentes usos de solo nesta região. Foram realizadas coletas com auxílio de armadilhas do tipo PROVID no período de novembro de 2013 à junho de 2014, de modo a cobrir a sazonalidade anual. Ao todo foram identificadas dezenove espécies, dezoito gêneros, pertencentes a sete famílias. Os resultados demostraram indícios de sazonalidade na distribuição dos colêmbolos e uma preferência pela área de floresta conservada, com onze espécies pertencentes a seis famílias, coletadas. Sendo que as áreas com menores riquezas de espécies foram a floresta impactada, com sete espécies pertencentes a quatro famílias e a lavoura com oito espécies, pertencentes a quatro famílias, coletadas. Esses dados sugerem para as perdas de diversidade causadas principalmente pela fragmentação de ecossistemas e pelo uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:49:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rezende_jm_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf: 122619 bytes, checksum: baa3b3bc0e7f357a40cb2617202838cf (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-08-07T12:19:53Z: rezende_jm_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-07T12:20:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000641059.pdf: 2070533 bytes, checksum: 208e09b4a9cde9b178893001a0110c98 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O Cerrado é um dos principais biomas brasileiros devido à abundância de espécies endêmicas e à extensão territorial. Apresenta várias fitofisionomias, dentre as quais o cerrado sensu stricto. Parte desse bioma tem sido destruída para avanço da agricultura, principalmente para o cultivo de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) (Fabaceae), que tornou-se uma das principais atividades da região. Assim, percebe-se que o modelo de agricultura atual não mantém o equilíbrio entre produção agrícola e preservação ambiental. Essa integração passa necessariamente pelo conhecimento sobre as espécies de organismos que habitam as áreas próximas aos cultivos; já estas podem se dispersar para as lavouras e interferir na sua produtividade. Ácaros são importantes neste contexto, principalmente pela existência de espécies-praga e espécies predadoras. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a acarofauna associada a plantas em áreas de cerrado sensu stricto e cultivos de soja na região central do país, além de verificar a influência da fitofisionomia sobre a acarofauna dessa cultura. Para isso, o trabalho foi organizado em três capítulos. No primeiro, foi realizado um levantamento da acarofauna associada a plantas nativas em 10 fragmentos de cerrado sensu stricto através de amotragens qualitativas, além de análise da similaridade e diversidade β para as comunidades de ácaros entre indivíduos de plantas hospedeiras localizados em diferentes áreas. Foram encontradas 123 espécies de ácaros, pertencentes a 20 famílias. Os testes de similaridade e diversidade β demonstraram que uma mesma espécie de planta apresentou diferentes comunidades de ácaros, conforme o fragmento analisado. Isso sugere que somente a conservação de várias áreas de cerrado sensu stricto ao longo do bioma pode manter preservada sua acarofauna plantícola. No capítulo dois, foi realizado... / The Cerrado is one of the major biomes due to abundance of endemic species and territorial dimension. It presents various vegetation types, among which there is the cerrado sensu stricto. Part of this biome has been lost to agricultural encroachment, mainly for the cultivation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) (Fabaceae), that became one of main activities in the region. Thus, it realized that this model does not maintain a balance between agricultural production and environmental preservation. This integration necessarily involves knowledge about the species of organisms that inhabit the areas near the crops, since they can disperse into crops, and interfere with their productivity. Mites are important in this context mainly by the existence of pest species and predators. Therefore, this study aimed to know the mites associated with plants in the cerrado sensu stricto and soybean crops in the central region of the country, and to investigate the influence of this phytophysiognomy on the mites in soybeans. For this, the work was organized into three chapters. At first, a survey was made of the mite fauna associated with native plants of the 10 fragments of Cerrado through qualitative samplings, and analysis of similarity and β diversity to mite communities among individuals of host plants located in different areas. 123 species of mites were found, belonging to 20 families. Tests for similarity and β diversity demonstrated that a single plant species may have different plant communities of mites, according to fragment. This suggests that only the preservation of various areas of Cerrado along the biome can keep its mite fauna preserved. In chapter two, a survey was made of mite species associated with 10 soybean fields in the middle region of the Cerrado by quantitative and qualitative samplings, and also ecological analysis. 30 species of mites were found, belonging... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3696.pdf: 5138781 bytes, checksum: bf8fe9db814dbf3d7dddcfacdc47515e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / ABSTRACT This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian fauna of Metopiinae through the characterization and quantification of their genus and species in areas of semideciduous forest and savanna in Mogi-Guaçu River Basin, located in Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Malaise traps were installed in 10 sampling points located in six localities along the entire basin, during August 2009 to September 2010. It was collected 195 specimens of Metopiinae, distributed in 41 taxa (34 species- with seven new species-, and seven "close species") among then we found 15 new records for the Brazilian fauna (14 species and one genus). The species Exochus izbus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 and Exochus sp. n. 1 were more abundant and had better distribution, being found in five and six fragments, respectively. The sampling points relating to the localities of Andradas-MG and Luiz Antônio-SP had higher abundance and greater species richness of Metopiinae. The sampling points relating to Bom Repouso-MG (sampling point II: Boa Vereda de Cima) and Jacutinga-MG (Morro da Forquilha) had considerable richness of species and highest values of diversity and evenness. The sampling points of Luiz Antônio-SP, analyzed separately due to sampling differences, also had high diversity index and evenness, and the area of riparian forest had the highest richness and abundance of Metopiinae. The fragments with more faunistic similarity were sampling point I (Serra dos Garcias) and III (Damásio district), both in Bom Repouso-MG, with 70% of similarity. It was found that Metopiinae are more abundantly collected in the rainy season, confirming the relationship between abundance and seasonality. Descriptions of new species, the characterization of other species and more information about geographical distribution of Metopiinae were other important contributions of this work. / Este trabalho buscou contribuir para o conhecimento da fauna brasileira de Metopiinae através da caracterização e quantificação dos seus gêneros e espécies em áreas de floresta estacional semidecidual e cerrado localizados na Bacia do Rio Mogi-Guaçu nos Estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo. A amostragem foi realizada através de armadilhas Malaise instaladas em 10 pontos amostrais localizados em 6 municípios ao longo de toda a Bacia Hidrográfica, durante o período de agosto de 2009 a setembro de 2010. Foram coletados 195 exemplares de Metopiinae, distribuídos em 41 táxons (34 espécies, sendo sete novas, e sete espécies próximas ) e com a constatação de 15 novos registros para a fauna brasileira (14 espécies e 1 gênero). Exochus izbus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 e Exochus sp. n. 1 foram as mais abundantes e com melhor distribuição, sendo encontradas em cinco e seis fragmentos, respectivamente. Os pontos amostrais referentes aos municípios de Andradas-MG e Luiz Antônio-SP apresentaram altos valores de abundância e riqueza de espécies de Metopiinae. Os pontos amostrais referentes à Bom Repouso (ponto II: Boa Vereda de Cima) e Jacutinga-MG (Morro da Forquilha), além de apresentarem riqueza considerável de espécies, apresentaram os maiores valores de diversidade e equitabilidade. Os pontos amostrais de Luiz Antônio-SP, analisados separadamente devido à diferenças amostrais, também apresentaram alto índice de diversidade e equitabilidade, e a área relativa à mata ciliar apresentou maior riqueza e abundância de Metopiinae coletados. Os pontos amostrais com maior similaridade faunística foram o ponto I (Serra dos Garcias) e o ponto III (Bairro Damásios), ambos no município de Bom Repouso-MG, com similaridade de 70%. Foi constatado que os Metopiinae são mais abundantemente coletados na estação chuvosa, confirmando a relação entre abundância e sazonalidade. As descrições das espécies novas, a caracterização das demais e a ampliação das informações sobre distribuição geográfica dos Metopiinae foram outras importantes contribuições desse trabalho.