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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The role of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus in fear and memory of a shock probe experience

McEown, Kristopher. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 13, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Behaviour, Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.
2

The Roles of Mineralocorticoid and GABAA Receptors in Anxiety and Fear Memory

McEown, Kristopher Scott Unknown Date
No description available.
3

CREB Induces Structural Changes in LA Neurons making them more Advantageous for Inclusion into the Fear Memory Trace

Higgs, Gemma Victoria 27 November 2013 (has links)
The current study aimed to determine the selective advantage of lateral amygdala (LA) neurons overexpressing the transcription factor CREB that enables their preferential incorporation into the fear memory trace. I hypothesized that overexpression of CREB drives the formation of dendritic spines, potentially providing these neurons with greater connectivity to sensory inputs at the time of learning. Using viral-mediated gene transfer, CREB tagged with GFP, or GFP as a control, was overexpressed in the LA of wild-type mice. Spine number and morphology were compared in homecage mice at the time when mice are normally trained in fear conditioning. Spine density was increased in neurons with CREB vector compared to neurons with GFP vector whereas spine head diameter and length was not different. Therefore, LA neurons overexpressing CREB have increased spine number at the time of learning, potentially providing these neurons with a selective advantage for incorporation into the fear memory trace.
4

CREB Induces Structural Changes in LA Neurons making them more Advantageous for Inclusion into the Fear Memory Trace

Higgs, Gemma Victoria 27 November 2013 (has links)
The current study aimed to determine the selective advantage of lateral amygdala (LA) neurons overexpressing the transcription factor CREB that enables their preferential incorporation into the fear memory trace. I hypothesized that overexpression of CREB drives the formation of dendritic spines, potentially providing these neurons with greater connectivity to sensory inputs at the time of learning. Using viral-mediated gene transfer, CREB tagged with GFP, or GFP as a control, was overexpressed in the LA of wild-type mice. Spine number and morphology were compared in homecage mice at the time when mice are normally trained in fear conditioning. Spine density was increased in neurons with CREB vector compared to neurons with GFP vector whereas spine head diameter and length was not different. Therefore, LA neurons overexpressing CREB have increased spine number at the time of learning, potentially providing these neurons with a selective advantage for incorporation into the fear memory trace.
5

THE ROLE OF CORTICOSTERONE AND IL-1β ON FEAR MEMORY

Kulp, Adam 20 September 2019 (has links)
No description available.
6

In vitro and in vivo characterization of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF157 in the brain

Lee, Shih-Ju 01 December 2014 (has links)
No description available.
7

Intervenções precoces durante o desenvolvimento como fatores de resiliência/ vulnerabilidade via modulação da reconsolidação de memórias aversivas

Pereira, Natividade de Sá Couto January 2017 (has links)
O estudo dos mecanismos neurobiológicos associados a memórias aversivas tem aplicações potenciais à prevenção e ao tratamento de patologias psiquiátricas associadas a memórias traumáticas. Em particular, o processo de reconsolidação, através do qual memórias evocadas são novamente estabilizadas, tem sido visto como um possível mecanismo na origem desses transtornos e, ao mesmo tempo, um alvo para estratégias terapêuticas. Experiências precoces influenciam o desenvolvimento e a maturação de circuitos encefálicos, e a sua interação com a carga genética do indivíduo, pode influenciar as estratégias de enfrentamento de situações aversivas ao longo da vida, gerando indivíduos resilientes ou vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo principal desta tese foi estudar diferentes experiências precoces, em modelos animais, e seu efeito sobre o processo de reconsolidação de memórias aversivas e, consequentemente, sobre o desenvolvimento de padrões de conduta de resiliência ou vulnerabilidade. Foram utilizados dois modelos, em ratos: a manipulação neonatal e a separação materna. Os resultados obtidos mostram que ambas intervenções levaram a um aumento dos cuidados que a mãe dedica à prole, mas a separação materna induziu um comportamento mais inconsistente, que reflete menor qualidade; consistentemente, a prole de ambos os sexos exibiu alterações na secreção de corticosterona frente a um contexto previamente pareado com um estímulo aversivo, e os machos mostraram generalização do medo a um contexto novo após a experiência. A manipulação neonatal, além de gerar um aumento do cuidado materno, levou a um aumento dos níveis centrais de ocitocina nas mães. A prole do sexo masculino exibiu comportamento de congelamento diminuído no contexto condicionado a um estímulo aversivo. Ambas intervenções geraram resistência à reconsolidação da memória aversiva condicionada, através de um mecanismo que parece envolver o hipocampo dorsal mas não a amígdala basolateral; o hipocampo ventral de ratos machos separados no período neonatal mostrou uma diminuição de espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio, sugestivo de atenuação de alguns mecanismos de plasticidade. Estes resultados apontam que os padrões de comportamento frente a situações aversivas são afetados pelas experiências neonatais, como reportado anteriormente, e que a manipulação parece gerar uma conduta mais resiliente enquanto a separação está associada ao surgimento de um padrão de comportamento mais vulnerável. A reconsolidação de memória de medo alterada em conjunto com a generalização da memória e a inconsistência comportamental da mãe encontrados neste trabalho e as alterações estruturais e funcionais na amígdala nestes animais, reportadas anteriormente, tornam a separação materna um modelo promissor para o estudo de mecanismos neurobiológicos dos transtornos psiquiátricos associados a memórias traumáticas. / The prevention and treatment of psychiatric pathologies associated with traumatic memories benefits from the study of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying aversive memories. In particular, the reconsolidation process, through which retrieved memories are restabilized, has been regarded both as a possible mechanism at the origin of these disorders and as a target for therapeutical strategies. Early life experiences impact the development and maturation of brain circuits, and their interaction with the individual’s genetic load may influence the coping mechanisms throughout life, generating individuals that are resilient or vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to study, in an animal model, different early interventions and their effect on fear memory reconsolidation, and consequently the development of behavioral patterns of resilience or vulnerability. Neonatal handling and maternal separation in rats were used as early intervention models. The results obtained show that both interventions led to an increase in the amount of care the dam provides to the offspring, but maternal separation increased behavioral inconsistency, which reflects low quality behavior; consistently, both male and female offspring exhibited changes in corticosterone secretion in response to a context that was previously paired with an aversive stimulus and males showed fear generalization to a novel context after the experience. Neonatal handling increased both maternal care and central oxytocin levels in the dam. The male offspring showed reduced freezing behavior in the context conditioned to an aversive stimulus. Both interventions generated resistance to conditioned fear memory reconsolidation, through a mechanism that appears to involve the dorsal hippocampus but not the basolateral amygdala; the ventral hippocampus of males that were separated in the neonatal period had decreased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, suggesting attenuated plasticity mechanisms. These results suggest that behavioral patterns which emerge when facing aversive situations are affected by neonatal experiences, as reported previously, and that neonatal handling appears to result in resilience while maternal separation appears to be associated with a pattern of vulnerability. Changes in fear memory reconsolidation together with memory generalization and maternal behavior inconsistency, found in this work, and the structural and functional changes in the amygdala, reported earlier, suggest that maternal separation is a promising model to study the neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric pathologies associated with traumatic memories.
8

Role of NTRK3 in the extinction of fear memories and streess-coping: studies in a mouse model of panic disorder

Amador Arjona, Alejandro 23 July 2008 (has links)
The correct development and function of CNS is critical for brain health of the organism. Early or chronic stress causes prominent alterations in brain function, and affects the expression of neurotrophic factors in limbic brain regions involved in the regulation of mood and cognition. Recent evidences have opened the idea that in complex organisms, an altered expression of certain neurotrophins by stress could be involved in the onset and pathophysiology of most psychiatric disorders, such as depression, squizophrenia or anxiety disorders. It is hypothesized that altered levels of neurotrophic factors could contribute to the atrophy and cell death of these regions, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which would produce a malfunction in limbic-related areas, and as a consequence, a precipitation or worsening of psychiatric illnesses. We were interested in panic disorder pathophysiology, which is a stress-related disorder and is characterized by an altered cognitive processing of emotional information. Although little evidence has been found supporting a neurotrophic role in PD, recent data has revealed that NT-3/TrkC signaling might play a key role in limbic system morphology and function. Therefore, we suggest that NT-3/TrkC system is involved in PD pathogenesis. The main objective in the work of this doctoral thesis lie to determine the role of NTRK3 gene, that codifies for TrKC, in emotional cognition and stress response processes that underlies PD. To this end, we used a genetically modified mouse model of NTRK3 overexpression, which was validated as a model of PD. Here, it is characterized the effects produced by the increase of NTRK3 expression in the CNS, focusing in neural alterations that might influence changes in cognitive processes involved in coping strategies. Moreover, it is studied the mechanisms that underlie in these processes by different approaches, 1/physiologically, measuring the HPA axis response, 2/brain activation, analyzing the activation pattern to a stress stimulus, 3/cellular and gene expression profiling, characterizing key brain regions in cognitive processes, and 4/pharmacologically, studying neurotransmitters function.
9

Intervenções precoces durante o desenvolvimento como fatores de resiliência/ vulnerabilidade via modulação da reconsolidação de memórias aversivas

Pereira, Natividade de Sá Couto January 2017 (has links)
O estudo dos mecanismos neurobiológicos associados a memórias aversivas tem aplicações potenciais à prevenção e ao tratamento de patologias psiquiátricas associadas a memórias traumáticas. Em particular, o processo de reconsolidação, através do qual memórias evocadas são novamente estabilizadas, tem sido visto como um possível mecanismo na origem desses transtornos e, ao mesmo tempo, um alvo para estratégias terapêuticas. Experiências precoces influenciam o desenvolvimento e a maturação de circuitos encefálicos, e a sua interação com a carga genética do indivíduo, pode influenciar as estratégias de enfrentamento de situações aversivas ao longo da vida, gerando indivíduos resilientes ou vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo principal desta tese foi estudar diferentes experiências precoces, em modelos animais, e seu efeito sobre o processo de reconsolidação de memórias aversivas e, consequentemente, sobre o desenvolvimento de padrões de conduta de resiliência ou vulnerabilidade. Foram utilizados dois modelos, em ratos: a manipulação neonatal e a separação materna. Os resultados obtidos mostram que ambas intervenções levaram a um aumento dos cuidados que a mãe dedica à prole, mas a separação materna induziu um comportamento mais inconsistente, que reflete menor qualidade; consistentemente, a prole de ambos os sexos exibiu alterações na secreção de corticosterona frente a um contexto previamente pareado com um estímulo aversivo, e os machos mostraram generalização do medo a um contexto novo após a experiência. A manipulação neonatal, além de gerar um aumento do cuidado materno, levou a um aumento dos níveis centrais de ocitocina nas mães. A prole do sexo masculino exibiu comportamento de congelamento diminuído no contexto condicionado a um estímulo aversivo. Ambas intervenções geraram resistência à reconsolidação da memória aversiva condicionada, através de um mecanismo que parece envolver o hipocampo dorsal mas não a amígdala basolateral; o hipocampo ventral de ratos machos separados no período neonatal mostrou uma diminuição de espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio, sugestivo de atenuação de alguns mecanismos de plasticidade. Estes resultados apontam que os padrões de comportamento frente a situações aversivas são afetados pelas experiências neonatais, como reportado anteriormente, e que a manipulação parece gerar uma conduta mais resiliente enquanto a separação está associada ao surgimento de um padrão de comportamento mais vulnerável. A reconsolidação de memória de medo alterada em conjunto com a generalização da memória e a inconsistência comportamental da mãe encontrados neste trabalho e as alterações estruturais e funcionais na amígdala nestes animais, reportadas anteriormente, tornam a separação materna um modelo promissor para o estudo de mecanismos neurobiológicos dos transtornos psiquiátricos associados a memórias traumáticas. / The prevention and treatment of psychiatric pathologies associated with traumatic memories benefits from the study of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying aversive memories. In particular, the reconsolidation process, through which retrieved memories are restabilized, has been regarded both as a possible mechanism at the origin of these disorders and as a target for therapeutical strategies. Early life experiences impact the development and maturation of brain circuits, and their interaction with the individual’s genetic load may influence the coping mechanisms throughout life, generating individuals that are resilient or vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to study, in an animal model, different early interventions and their effect on fear memory reconsolidation, and consequently the development of behavioral patterns of resilience or vulnerability. Neonatal handling and maternal separation in rats were used as early intervention models. The results obtained show that both interventions led to an increase in the amount of care the dam provides to the offspring, but maternal separation increased behavioral inconsistency, which reflects low quality behavior; consistently, both male and female offspring exhibited changes in corticosterone secretion in response to a context that was previously paired with an aversive stimulus and males showed fear generalization to a novel context after the experience. Neonatal handling increased both maternal care and central oxytocin levels in the dam. The male offspring showed reduced freezing behavior in the context conditioned to an aversive stimulus. Both interventions generated resistance to conditioned fear memory reconsolidation, through a mechanism that appears to involve the dorsal hippocampus but not the basolateral amygdala; the ventral hippocampus of males that were separated in the neonatal period had decreased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, suggesting attenuated plasticity mechanisms. These results suggest that behavioral patterns which emerge when facing aversive situations are affected by neonatal experiences, as reported previously, and that neonatal handling appears to result in resilience while maternal separation appears to be associated with a pattern of vulnerability. Changes in fear memory reconsolidation together with memory generalization and maternal behavior inconsistency, found in this work, and the structural and functional changes in the amygdala, reported earlier, suggest that maternal separation is a promising model to study the neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric pathologies associated with traumatic memories.
10

Intervenções precoces durante o desenvolvimento como fatores de resiliência/ vulnerabilidade via modulação da reconsolidação de memórias aversivas

Pereira, Natividade de Sá Couto January 2017 (has links)
O estudo dos mecanismos neurobiológicos associados a memórias aversivas tem aplicações potenciais à prevenção e ao tratamento de patologias psiquiátricas associadas a memórias traumáticas. Em particular, o processo de reconsolidação, através do qual memórias evocadas são novamente estabilizadas, tem sido visto como um possível mecanismo na origem desses transtornos e, ao mesmo tempo, um alvo para estratégias terapêuticas. Experiências precoces influenciam o desenvolvimento e a maturação de circuitos encefálicos, e a sua interação com a carga genética do indivíduo, pode influenciar as estratégias de enfrentamento de situações aversivas ao longo da vida, gerando indivíduos resilientes ou vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo principal desta tese foi estudar diferentes experiências precoces, em modelos animais, e seu efeito sobre o processo de reconsolidação de memórias aversivas e, consequentemente, sobre o desenvolvimento de padrões de conduta de resiliência ou vulnerabilidade. Foram utilizados dois modelos, em ratos: a manipulação neonatal e a separação materna. Os resultados obtidos mostram que ambas intervenções levaram a um aumento dos cuidados que a mãe dedica à prole, mas a separação materna induziu um comportamento mais inconsistente, que reflete menor qualidade; consistentemente, a prole de ambos os sexos exibiu alterações na secreção de corticosterona frente a um contexto previamente pareado com um estímulo aversivo, e os machos mostraram generalização do medo a um contexto novo após a experiência. A manipulação neonatal, além de gerar um aumento do cuidado materno, levou a um aumento dos níveis centrais de ocitocina nas mães. A prole do sexo masculino exibiu comportamento de congelamento diminuído no contexto condicionado a um estímulo aversivo. Ambas intervenções geraram resistência à reconsolidação da memória aversiva condicionada, através de um mecanismo que parece envolver o hipocampo dorsal mas não a amígdala basolateral; o hipocampo ventral de ratos machos separados no período neonatal mostrou uma diminuição de espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio, sugestivo de atenuação de alguns mecanismos de plasticidade. Estes resultados apontam que os padrões de comportamento frente a situações aversivas são afetados pelas experiências neonatais, como reportado anteriormente, e que a manipulação parece gerar uma conduta mais resiliente enquanto a separação está associada ao surgimento de um padrão de comportamento mais vulnerável. A reconsolidação de memória de medo alterada em conjunto com a generalização da memória e a inconsistência comportamental da mãe encontrados neste trabalho e as alterações estruturais e funcionais na amígdala nestes animais, reportadas anteriormente, tornam a separação materna um modelo promissor para o estudo de mecanismos neurobiológicos dos transtornos psiquiátricos associados a memórias traumáticas. / The prevention and treatment of psychiatric pathologies associated with traumatic memories benefits from the study of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying aversive memories. In particular, the reconsolidation process, through which retrieved memories are restabilized, has been regarded both as a possible mechanism at the origin of these disorders and as a target for therapeutical strategies. Early life experiences impact the development and maturation of brain circuits, and their interaction with the individual’s genetic load may influence the coping mechanisms throughout life, generating individuals that are resilient or vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to study, in an animal model, different early interventions and their effect on fear memory reconsolidation, and consequently the development of behavioral patterns of resilience or vulnerability. Neonatal handling and maternal separation in rats were used as early intervention models. The results obtained show that both interventions led to an increase in the amount of care the dam provides to the offspring, but maternal separation increased behavioral inconsistency, which reflects low quality behavior; consistently, both male and female offspring exhibited changes in corticosterone secretion in response to a context that was previously paired with an aversive stimulus and males showed fear generalization to a novel context after the experience. Neonatal handling increased both maternal care and central oxytocin levels in the dam. The male offspring showed reduced freezing behavior in the context conditioned to an aversive stimulus. Both interventions generated resistance to conditioned fear memory reconsolidation, through a mechanism that appears to involve the dorsal hippocampus but not the basolateral amygdala; the ventral hippocampus of males that were separated in the neonatal period had decreased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, suggesting attenuated plasticity mechanisms. These results suggest that behavioral patterns which emerge when facing aversive situations are affected by neonatal experiences, as reported previously, and that neonatal handling appears to result in resilience while maternal separation appears to be associated with a pattern of vulnerability. Changes in fear memory reconsolidation together with memory generalization and maternal behavior inconsistency, found in this work, and the structural and functional changes in the amygdala, reported earlier, suggest that maternal separation is a promising model to study the neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric pathologies associated with traumatic memories.

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