Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-11T13:09:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1583885 bytes, checksum: 1b7650a627b47ca275b6bc5af085bd27 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T13:09:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1583885 bytes, checksum: 1b7650a627b47ca275b6bc5af085bd27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this thesis, we investigate the e ect of the topology and the magnetic eld on the vacuum uctuations associated to bosonic and fermionic charged elds. Firstly, we analize the vacuum induced current densities for a bosonic eld in a (D+1)-dimensional cosmic string spacetime. For this analysis, we consider the presence of a magnetic eld along of the azimuthal and axial directions and that the z-axis is compacti ed to a circle of lenght L. This analysis is performed using the positive frequencies Wightman function, that is necessary to calculate the vacuum expectation values of the induced current densities. Our second investigation is related with fermionic elds. We investigate the expectation values of the fermionic condensate, h i, charge and current densities for a massive fermionic eld in thermal equilibrium with T temperature, with a nonzero chemical potential, . We consider the background of a (2+1)-dimensional conical spacetime and the presence of a magnetic eld in the cone apex. In this analysis, we consider two separeted cases. Firstly, we consider the case where j j 6 m and after that the case where j j > m. / Nesta tese, investigamos o efeito da topologia e de um campo magnético nas flu­tuações do vácuo associadas a campos bosônicos e fermiônicos carregados. Primeiramente, analisamos as densidades de correntes induzidas no vácuo para um campo bosônico em um espaço-tempo de uma corda cósmica com (D+1) dimensões. Para esta analise, consideramos a presença de um fluxo magnético ao longo das direções axial e azimutal e que o eixo z é com­pactificado em um circulo de comprimento L. Esta analise é realizada fazendo use da função de Wightman de frequências positivas, que é necessária para calcular os valores esperados no vácuo das densidades de correntes induzidas. Nossa segunda investigação é relacionada a campos fermiônicos. Investigamos os valores esperados do condensado fermiônico, (N), carga e densidades de corrente para u campo fermiônico massivo em equilíbrio térmico a uma temperatura T, e com um potencial químico não-nulo, µ. Consideramos um espaço-­tempo cônico em (2+1) dimensões na presença de um campo magnético no vértice do cone. Para esta analise, dois casos foram considerados separadamente. Primeiramente, considera­mos o caso em que |µ| < m, e ern seguida, o caso ern que 1p,1 > m.

L’étude des vides avec flux est une étape primordiale afin de mieux comprendre la compactification en théorie des cordes ainsi que ses conséquences phénoménologiques. En présence de flux, l’espace interne ne peut plus être Calabi-Yau, mais admet tout de même une structure SU(3) qui devient un outil privilégié. Après une introduction aux notions géométriques nécessaires, cette thèse examine le rôle des flux dans la compactification supersymétrique sous différents angles. Nous considérons tout d’abord des troncations cohérentes de la supergravité IIA. Nous montrons alors que des condensats fermioniques peuvent aider à supporter des flux et générer une contribution positive à la constante cosmologique. Ces troncations admettent donc des vides de Sitter qu’il serait autrement très difficile d’obtenir, si ce n’est impossible. L’argument est tout d’abord employé avec des condensats de dilatini puis améliorer en suggérant un mécanisme pour générer des condensats de gravitini à partir d’instantons gravitationnels. Ensuite l’attention se tourne sur les branes et leur comportement sous T-dualité non abélienne. Nous calculons les configurations duales à certaines solutions avec D branes de la supergravité de type II, et examinons les flux ainsi que leurs charges afin d’identifier les branes après dualité. La solution supersymétrique avec brane D2 est étudiée plus en détails en vérifiant explicitement les équations sur les spineurs généralisés, puis en discutant de la possibilité d’une déformation massive. Le dernier chapitre fournit une construction systématique de structures SU(3) sur une large classe de variétés toriques compactes. Cette construction définit un fibré en sphère au-dessus d’une variété torique 2d quelconque, mais fonctionne tout aussi bien sur une base Kähler-Einstein / The study of flux vacua is a primordial step in the understanding of string compactifications and their phenomenological properties. In presence of flux the internal manifold ceases to be Calabi-Yau, but still admits an SU(3) structure which becomes thus the preferred framework. After introducing the relevant geometrical notions this thesis explores the role that fluxes play in supersymmetric compactification through several approaches. At first consistent truncations of type IIA supergravity are considered. It is shown that fermionic condensates can help support fluxes and generate a positive contribution to the cosmological constant. These truncations thus admit de Sitter vacua which are otherwise extremely difficult to get, if not impossible. The argument is initially performed with dilatini condensates and then improved by suggesting a mechanism to generate gravitini condensates from gravitational instantons. Then the focus shifts towards branes and their behavior under non abelian T-duality. The duals of several D-brane solutions of type II supergravity are computed and the branes are tracked down by investigating the fluxes and the charges they carry. The supersymmetric D2 brane is further studied by checking explicitly the generalized spinor equations and discussing the possibility of a massive deformation. The last chapter gives a systematic construction of SU(3) structures on a wide class of compact toric varieties. The construction defines a sphere bundle on an arbitrary two-dimensional toric variety but also works when the base is Kähler-Einstein