O presente trabalho compôs a trajetória de Fernando Ferrari no período em que o político atuou no Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB), de 1945 a 1960. Partindo da teoria do campo político desenvolvida por Pierre Bourdieu, buscou-se elucidar os espaços de atuação de Ferrari, sua relação com outros agentes políticos, o processo de acumulação de capital e os recursos com os quais contou para a luta interna no seu partido, que teve como desfecho a cisão partidária e a criação do Movimento Trabalhista Renovador (MTR). Paralelamente, abordaram-se as contribuições de Fernando Ferrari para a conformação do PTB. As fontes utilizadas foram os periódicos de grande circulação da época Correio do Povo e Diário de Notícias, os Anais da Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul, os Diários da Câmara dos Deputados, o arquivo pessoal e ainda o material de caráter memorialístico – biografias e autobiografias – do político. / This study addressed the trajectory of Fernando Ferrari in the period in which this political was part of Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) [Brazilian Labor Party], from 1945 to 1960. Based on the theory of the political field developed by Pierre Bourdieu, we sought to clarify spaces where Ferrari performed, his relationship with other political agents, the process to accumulate capital, and the resources he used in the internal strife in his party, whose outcome was the party split and the creation of Movimento Trabalhista Renovador (MTR) [Renewing Labor Movement]. At the same time, we approached Fernando Ferrari’s contributions to the shaping of PTB. The sources for this study were mass-circulation newspapers of the time, Correio do Povo and Diário de Notícias, the proceedings of the Legisture of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the journals of the Brazilian House of Representatives, and the politician’s personnel archive and also his memoirist materials – biographies and autobiographies.

O presente trabalho compôs a trajetória de Fernando Ferrari no período em que o político atuou no Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB), de 1945 a 1960. Partindo da teoria do campo político desenvolvida por Pierre Bourdieu, buscou-se elucidar os espaços de atuação de Ferrari, sua relação com outros agentes políticos, o processo de acumulação de capital e os recursos com os quais contou para a luta interna no seu partido, que teve como desfecho a cisão partidária e a criação do Movimento Trabalhista Renovador (MTR). Paralelamente, abordaram-se as contribuições de Fernando Ferrari para a conformação do PTB. As fontes utilizadas foram os periódicos de grande circulação da época Correio do Povo e Diário de Notícias, os Anais da Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul, os Diários da Câmara dos Deputados, o arquivo pessoal e ainda o material de caráter memorialístico – biografias e autobiografias – do político. / This study addressed the trajectory of Fernando Ferrari in the period in which this political was part of Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) [Brazilian Labor Party], from 1945 to 1960. Based on the theory of the political field developed by Pierre Bourdieu, we sought to clarify spaces where Ferrari performed, his relationship with other political agents, the process to accumulate capital, and the resources he used in the internal strife in his party, whose outcome was the party split and the creation of Movimento Trabalhista Renovador (MTR) [Renewing Labor Movement]. At the same time, we approached Fernando Ferrari’s contributions to the shaping of PTB. The sources for this study were mass-circulation newspapers of the time, Correio do Povo and Diário de Notícias, the proceedings of the Legisture of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the journals of the Brazilian House of Representatives, and the politician’s personnel archive and also his memoirist materials – biographies and autobiographies.

O presente trabalho compôs a trajetória de Fernando Ferrari no período em que o político atuou no Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB), de 1945 a 1960. Partindo da teoria do campo político desenvolvida por Pierre Bourdieu, buscou-se elucidar os espaços de atuação de Ferrari, sua relação com outros agentes políticos, o processo de acumulação de capital e os recursos com os quais contou para a luta interna no seu partido, que teve como desfecho a cisão partidária e a criação do Movimento Trabalhista Renovador (MTR). Paralelamente, abordaram-se as contribuições de Fernando Ferrari para a conformação do PTB. As fontes utilizadas foram os periódicos de grande circulação da época Correio do Povo e Diário de Notícias, os Anais da Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul, os Diários da Câmara dos Deputados, o arquivo pessoal e ainda o material de caráter memorialístico – biografias e autobiografias – do político. / This study addressed the trajectory of Fernando Ferrari in the period in which this political was part of Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) [Brazilian Labor Party], from 1945 to 1960. Based on the theory of the political field developed by Pierre Bourdieu, we sought to clarify spaces where Ferrari performed, his relationship with other political agents, the process to accumulate capital, and the resources he used in the internal strife in his party, whose outcome was the party split and the creation of Movimento Trabalhista Renovador (MTR) [Renewing Labor Movement]. At the same time, we approached Fernando Ferrari’s contributions to the shaping of PTB. The sources for this study were mass-circulation newspapers of the time, Correio do Povo and Diário de Notícias, the proceedings of the Legisture of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the journals of the Brazilian House of Representatives, and the politician’s personnel archive and also his memoirist materials – biographies and autobiographies.

Le but de cette thèse est l'étude des fonctions de corrélation des théries Yang-Mills dans le régime infrarouge. Il est connu que, à cause de l'invariance jauge, il est nécessaire de fixer la jauge pour calculer des valeurs moyennes analytiquement. La procedure de fixation gauge standard est la procedure de Faddeev-Popov (FP). Le Lagrangien de FP permet de faire des calculs perturbatifs pour la Chromodynamique Quantique dans le régime de hautes énergies dont les résultats sont comparés avec succès avec des expériences. Cependant, dans le régime de basses énergies, il se trouve que la constante de couplage, calculée avec la procedure antérieure, diverge. En conséquence, la théorie des perturbations standard n'est plus valide. D'autre part, les simulations du réseau trouvent que la constante de couplage est finie avec une valeur modérée même dans le régime infrarouge. Ceci suggère qu'il devrait exister une manière de faire des calculs perturbatifs également dans le régime infrarouge. Cette différence dans la constante de couplage peut être due au fait que la procedure de FP n'est pas bien justifiée dans ce régime. Nous proposons de modifier le Lagrangien de FP avec un terme massif pour les gluons. Cette modification est également justifiée par le fait que le réseau trouve un propagateur du gluon qui paraît massive aux basses énergies. Nous utilisons cette version massive pour calculer à une boucle les fonctions de corrélations à deux et trois points pour une configuration cinématique générale et en dimension quelconque dans la jauge de Landau. On trouve que les comparaisons de notre calcul à une boucle avec les résultat du réseau donnent, en géneral, un très bon accord. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the infrared behaviour of Yang-Mills correlation functions. It is known that the gauge invariance of the theory brings as a consequence the necessity of a gauge fixing procedure in order to compute expectation values analytically. The standard procedure for fixing the gauge is the Faddeev-Popov (FP) procedure which allows one to do perturbation theory in the ultraviolet regime. Perturbative calculations using the FP gauge fixed action successfully reproduce Quantum Chromodynamics observables measured by experiments in the ultraviolet regime. In the infrared regime the coupling constant of the theory computed with the above procedure diverges, and standard perturbation theory does not seem to be valid. However, lattice simulations show that the coupling constant takes finite and not very large value. This suggests that some kind of perturbative calculations should be valid even in the infrared regime. The theoretical justification for the FP procedure depends on the absence of Gribov copies and hence is not valid in the infrared regime (where such copies exist). To correct this we propose to add a mass term for the gluons in the gauge-fixed Lagrangian. The gluon mass term is also motivated by lattice simulations which observe that the gluon propagator behaves as it was massive in the infrared regime. We use this massive extension of the FP gauge fixed action to compute the one loop correction of the two- and three-point correlation functions in the Landau gauge for arbitrary kinematics and dimension. Our one-loop calculations are enough, in general, to reproduce with good accuracy the lattice data available in the literature.

This dissertation concerns the satirical Flat Earth Society (FES) founded at Fredericton, New Brunswick in November 1970. The essay’s successive chapters examine the lives and literary works of three understudied authors who held leadership positions in this critically unserious, fringe society: FES Symposiarch Alden Nowlan; the Society’s President Leo Ferrari; and its First Vice-President Gwendolyn MacEwen. Therefore, my project constitutes an act of recovery and reconstruction, bringing to light cultural work and literary connections that have largely faded from view. Chapters show how certain literary writings by Nowlan, Ferrari, or MacEwen directly or indirectly relate to their involvement with FES, making the Society an important part of their cultural work rather than a mere entertainment, distraction, or hoax. These authors represent the local/regional inception of FES (Nowlan), its international influences and reach (Ferrari), and its Canadian context (MacEwen). Organized according to three jointly literary and geo-political layers, and drawing on little-known archival documents, each chapter records statements from the Society’s wider membership as they relate to Atlantic Canada, the international perspective, and Canada. Despite its aberrant and oppositional spirit, FES appeared within an identifiable cultural context and participated in a countercultural tradition that continues to this day. The Society’s surface lampoon embeds potent social critique and creative meaning. In other words, FES was not merely playful, nor merely serious, but interweaved these modes in a compelling way; the Society looks by turns intelligent and unintelligible, stupid and sophisticated. Further, it invited contributions from members and applicants: seldom-seen interpretations of “Planoterrestrialism” by individuals from many walks of life and now housed in archives at the University of New Brunswick and University of Calgary. The participatory, humorous, and poetic nature of FES means that its unusual brand of Flat Earthism cannot be tied to any singular ideology, place, or literary tradition. It operates as an enigmatic, errant, itinerant, and underground non-ideology. Planoterrestrial thought is reflected in the playful poetic styles of Nowlan, Ferrari, and MacEwen: three Society members who were nonetheless serious authors and sincere in their role as cultural workers, their Flat Earth antics not excepted. / Graduate