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An Investigation of the Structural and Magnetic Transitions in Ni-Fe-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory AlloysHeil, Todd M. 06 January 2006 (has links)
The martensite and magnetic transformations in Ni-Fe-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys are very sensitive to both alloy chemistry and thermal history. A series of Ni-Fe-Ga alloys near the prototype Heusler composition (X2YZ) were fabricated and homogenized at 1423 °K, and a Ni₅₃Fe₁₉Ga₂₈ alloy was subsequently annealed at various temperatures below and above the B2/L21 ordering temperature. Calorimetry and magnetometry were employed to measure the martensite transformation temperatures and Curie temperatures. Compositional variations of only a few atomic percent result in martensite start temperatures and Curie temperatures that differ by about 230 °K degrees and 35 °K degrees, respectively. Various one-hour anneals of the Ni₅₃Fe₁₉Ga₂₈ alloy shift the martensite start temperature and the Curie temperature by almost 70 °K degrees. Transmission electron microscopy investigations were conducted on the annealed Ni₅₃Fe₁₉Ga₂₈ alloy. The considerable variations in the martensite and magnetic transformations in these alloys are discussed in terms of microstructural differences resulting from alloy chemistry and heat treatments.
The phase-field method has been successfully employed during the past ten years to simulate a wide variety of microstructural evolution in materials. Phase-field computational models describe the microstructure of a material by using a set of field variables whose evolution is governed by thermodynamic functionals and kinetic continuum equations. A two dimensional phase-field model that demonstrates the ferromagnetic shape memory effect in Ni2MnGa is presented. Free energy functionals are based on the phase-field microelasticity and micromagnetic theories; they account for energy contributions from martensite variant boundaries, elastic strain, applied stress, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, magnetic domain walls, magnetostatic potential, and applied magnetic fields. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau and Landau-Lifshitz kinetic continuum equations are employed to track the microstructural and magnetic responses in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys to applied stress and magnetic fields. The model results show expected microstructural responses to these applied fields and could be potentially utilized to generate quantitative predictions of the ferromagnetic shape memory effect in these alloys. / Ph. D.
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Establishing fundamentals for laser metal deposition of functional Ni-Mn-Ga alloys:Effect of rapid solidification on microstructure and phase transformation characteristicsFlitcraft, Emily January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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Finite Element Modeling (FEM) of Porous Additively Manufactured Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Using Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) Based GeometriesMyers, Eric J. 22 May 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Characterization and modeling of ferromagnetic shape memory Ni-Mn-Ga in a collinear stress-field configurationFaidley, LeAnn Elizabeth 08 August 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Characterization and Modeling of the Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Ni-Mn-Ga for Sensing and ActuationSarawate, Neelesh Nandkumar 16 September 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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Magnetic field-induced phase transformation and variant reorientation in Ni2MnGa and NiMnCoIn magnetic shape memory alloysKaraca, Haluk Ersin 15 May 2009 (has links)
The purpose of this work is to reveal the governing mechanisms responsible for the magnetic field-induced i) martensite reorientation in Ni2MnGa single crystals, ii) stress-assisted phase transformation in Ni2MnGa single crystals and iii) phase transformation in NiMnCoIn alloys. The ultimate goal of utilizing these mechanisms is to increase the actuation stress levels in magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs). Extensive experimental work on magneto-thermo-mechanical (MTM) characterization of these materials enabled us to i) better understand the ways to increase the actuation stress and strain and decrease the required magnetic field for actuation in MSMAs, ii) determine the effects of main MTM parameters on reversible magnetic field induced phase transformation, such as magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE), Zeeman energy (ZE), stress hysteresis, thermal hysteresis, critical stress for the stress induced phase transformation and crystal orientation, iii) find out the feasibility of employing polycrystal MSMAs, and iv) formulate a thermodynamical framework to capture the energetics of magnetic field-induced phase transformations in MSMAs. Magnetic shape memory properties of Ni2MnGa single crystals were characterized by monitoring magnetic field-induced strain (MFIS) as a function of compressive stress and stress-induced strain as a function of magnetic field. It is revealed that the selection of the operating temperature with respect to martensite start and Curie temperatures is critical in optimizing actuator performance. The actuation stress of 5 MPa and work output of 157 kJm−3 are obtained by the field-induced variant reorientation in NiMnGa alloys. Reversible and one-way stress-assisted field-induced phase transformations are observed in Ni2MnGa single crystals under low field magnitudes (<0.7T) and resulted in at least an order of magnitude higher actuation stress levels. It is very promising to provide higher work output levels and operating temperatures than variant reorientation mechanisms in NiMnGa alloys. Reversible field-induced phase transformation and shape memory characteristics of NiMnCoIn single crystals are also studied. Reversible field-induced phase transformation is observed only under high magnetic fields (>4T). Necessary magnetic and mechanical conditions, and materials design and selection guidelines are proposed to search for field-induced phase transformation in other ferromagnetic materials that undergo thermoelastic martensitic phase transformation.
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Magnetic field-induced phase transformation and variant reorientation in Ni2MnGa and NiMnCoIn magnetic shape memory alloysKaraca, Haluk Ersin 15 May 2009 (has links)
The purpose of this work is to reveal the governing mechanisms responsible for the magnetic field-induced i) martensite reorientation in Ni2MnGa single crystals, ii) stress-assisted phase transformation in Ni2MnGa single crystals and iii) phase transformation in NiMnCoIn alloys. The ultimate goal of utilizing these mechanisms is to increase the actuation stress levels in magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs). Extensive experimental work on magneto-thermo-mechanical (MTM) characterization of these materials enabled us to i) better understand the ways to increase the actuation stress and strain and decrease the required magnetic field for actuation in MSMAs, ii) determine the effects of main MTM parameters on reversible magnetic field induced phase transformation, such as magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE), Zeeman energy (ZE), stress hysteresis, thermal hysteresis, critical stress for the stress induced phase transformation and crystal orientation, iii) find out the feasibility of employing polycrystal MSMAs, and iv) formulate a thermodynamical framework to capture the energetics of magnetic field-induced phase transformations in MSMAs. Magnetic shape memory properties of Ni2MnGa single crystals were characterized by monitoring magnetic field-induced strain (MFIS) as a function of compressive stress and stress-induced strain as a function of magnetic field. It is revealed that the selection of the operating temperature with respect to martensite start and Curie temperatures is critical in optimizing actuator performance. The actuation stress of 5 MPa and work output of 157 kJm−3 are obtained by the field-induced variant reorientation in NiMnGa alloys. Reversible and one-way stress-assisted field-induced phase transformations are observed in Ni2MnGa single crystals under low field magnitudes (<0.7T) and resulted in at least an order of magnitude higher actuation stress levels. It is very promising to provide higher work output levels and operating temperatures than variant reorientation mechanisms in NiMnGa alloys. Reversible field-induced phase transformation and shape memory characteristics of NiMnCoIn single crystals are also studied. Reversible field-induced phase transformation is observed only under high magnetic fields (>4T). Necessary magnetic and mechanical conditions, and materials design and selection guidelines are proposed to search for field-induced phase transformation in other ferromagnetic materials that undergo thermoelastic martensitic phase transformation.
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Study on phase stability, structural and magnetic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys by ab initio calculations / Étude sur la stabilité de phase, les propriétés structurales et magnétiques des alliages Ni-Mn-Ga mémoire de forme ferromagnétique par calculs ab initioXu, Nan 29 August 2014 (has links)
Les alliages ferromagnétiques à mémoire de forme (FSMAs: Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys) avec des compositions proches de Ni2MnGa ont attiré beaucoup d’attention en raison de leur effet de mémoire de forme gigantesque et de leur réponse rapide et dynamique. Dans ce travail, une investigation de ces matériaux via des calculs ab initio est effectuée en utilisant la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT) à l’aide du logiciel VASP. Pour la composition stoechiométrique de Ni2MnGa, alliage ferromagnétique à mémoire de forme, l'oscillation du moment magnétique de Ni qui dépend du réarrangement atomique dans la superstructure, domine la distribution du moment magnétique total par unité Ni2MnGa. Le changement de moment magnétique total unité Ni2MnGa associé à la structure a été déterminé comme augmentant de l'austénite cubique à la martensite NM tétragonale à travers les martensites modulées monocliniques. Pour les alliages Ni2MnGa ferromagnétiques à mémoire de forme hors-stoechiométrie, le dopage au Ni stabilise la martensite non modulée (NM) avec la structure cristalline tétragonale simple, tandis que le dopage approprié au Mn stabilise la martensite modulée à sept couches (7M) avec une structure monoclinique. Expériences de La transformation martensitique subit une force motrice nettement plus considérable que celle de la transformation intermartensitique. En outre, le moment magnétique total des trois séries d'alliages est principalement dominé par leur teneur en Mn avec une faible dépendance de l'état de phase. Les moments moyens du Ni et du Mn montrent une dépendance à la fois de la composition et de l’ d'état de phase. La perturbation des moments magnétiques par substitution d'atomes est principalement localisée dans les antisites et ses proches voisins. Elle est principalement dominée par leur environnement en Mn (distance et nombre). L’examen des aspects fondamentaux tels que la stabilité de phase et des propriétés magnétiques des ferromagnétiques à mémoire de forme Ni-Mn-Ga est d'une grande importance pour améliorer les performances fonctionnelles et de concevoir de nouveaux FSMAs prometteurs. / Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) with chemical composition close to Ni2MnGa have received great attention due to their giant magnetic shape memory effect and fast dynamic response. In this work, a series of first–principles calculations have been performed within the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) using the Vienna Ab initio Software Package (VASP). For the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy, the oscillation of Ni magnetic moment that depends on the atomic shuffling in the superstructure dominates the distribution of the total magnetic moment per Ni2MnGa unit. The structure change-associated total magnetic moment has been found to increase for Ni2MnGa unit from the cubic austenite to the tetragonal NM martensite through the monoclinic modulated martensites. For the off-stoichiometric Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloys, Ni-doping stabilizes the non-modulated martensite (NM) with simple tetragonal crystal structure, whereas proper Mn-doping stabilizes the seven-layered modulated (7M) martensite with monoclinic structure. Martensitic transformation experiences much larger driving force than that of the intermartensitic transformation. Moreover, the total magnetic moment of the three series of alloys is mainly dominated by their Mn content with little phase state dependence. The average Ni and Mn moments display both composition and phase state dependences. The perturbation of the magnetic moments by atom substitution is mainly located in the antisite and its close neighbors. It is mainly dominated by their Mn environment (distance and number). Insights into fundamental aspects such as phase stability and magnetic properties in Ni-Mn-Ga FSMAs are of great significance to improve the functional performances and to design new promising FSMAs
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Sur le comportement magnéto-mécanique des alliages à mémoire de forme magnétiquesChen, Xue, Moumni, Ziad, He, Yong Jun 25 June 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Les Alliages à Mémoire de Forme Magnétiques (AMFM) sont des matériaux actifs qui présentent des comportements inhabituels par rapport aux matériaux " classiques ". Ils peuvent par exemple présenter de larges déformations réversibles sous l'action d'un champ magnétique ou sous une action mécanique. Ce sont des candidats potentiels pour des applications dans des domaines de pointe (automobile, aéronautique, spatial, etc.). Les AMFM présentent par ailleurs un avantage indéniable par rapport aux matériaux à mémoire de forme " thermique " en raison de leur réponse dynamique à haute fréquence. Il est bien connu que ces comportements sont dus à un couplage magnéto-mécanique et à un phénomène physique lié à l'orientation des variantes de martensite. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser les comportements magnéto-mécaniques des AMFM. Pour ce faire, nous étudions expérimentalement et théoriquement, la réorientation martensitique dans les AMFM. Tout d'abord, une analyse énergétique en 2D/3D est proposée et intégrée dans des diagrammes d'état pour une étude systématique de la réorientation martensitique dans les AMFM sous chargements tridimensionnels quelconques. Ainsi, des critères de large déformation réversible sous des chargements cycliques sont obtenus. L'analyse énergétique montre que les AMFM, sollicités sous chargement multiaxiaux présentent plus d'avantages que ceux sollicités en 1D ; en particulier, on montre que l'état multiaxial permet d'augmenter (d'améliorer) la contrainte fonctionnelle, ce qui augmente le champ d'application des ces matériaux. Ensuite, afin de valider les prédictions de l'analyse énergétique, des expériences bi-axiales ont été effectuées sur des éprouvettes en AMFM. Les résultats révèlent que la dissipation intrinsèque et la déformation de transformation dues à la réorientation martensitique sont constantes dans tous les états de contraintes. De plus, les résultats ont permis de valider nos prédictions théoriques quant à l'augmentation de la contrainte fonctionnelle. Enfin, afin de prédire les comportements magnéto-mécaniques des AMFM sous des chargements multiaxiaux, un modèle tridimensionnel est développé dans le cadre de la thermodynamique des processus irréversibles avec liaison interne. Toutes les variantes de martensite ont été considérées et l'effet de température a également été pris en compte. Les simulations numériques montrent un très bon accord (rejoignent/confirment les résultats) avec les résultats expérimentaux existant dans la littérature. Le modèle a ensuite été programmé dans un code de calcul par éléments finis afin d'étudier les comportements non linéaires de flexion des poutres en AMFM. L'effet géométrique et l'effet d'anisotropie du matériau ont été systématiquement pris en compte.
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