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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Současné poznatky o vlivu léčiv na mužskou fertilitu / Recent knowledge on drug effect on male fertility

Klapková, Tereza January 2020 (has links)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Tereza Klapková Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. František Trejtnar, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Recent knowledge on drug effect on male fertility Among the various types of side effects presented in clinically used drugs, negative effects on male reproductive functions can be find. This issue seems to be important and current especially due to the general trend of the decrease in fertility in men and the increasing drug use in younger age groups. The aim of this diploma thesis was to create an overview summarizing current expert knowledge on the effect of drugs on male fertility. For this purpose, we selected relevant publications in the PubMed database, perform their analysis and create the text ofthe thesis. The review focuses mainly on groups of drugs that are often clinically used and discussed in relation to male fertility, such as drugs acting on the cardiovascular system, antimicrobial drugs, drugs used in pain therapy, antidepressants, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, immunosuppressants and some other drugs. In addition to standard drugs, the review also includes several important natural substances, which are used as adjunctive therapy of various diseases or are important from a...
2

Prise de traitements hormonaux et risque de mélanome cutané dans les cohortes prospectives E3N et EPIC / Exogenous Hormone Use and Cutaneous Melanoma Risk in the E3N and EPIC Prospective Cohorts

Cervenka, Iris 28 November 2019 (has links)
L’hypothèse de l’hormono-dépendance du mélanome cutané est en débat dans la littérature depuis de nombreuses années. Dans ce contexte, il est essentiel de mieux connaître l’influence potentielle de la prise de traitements hormonaux sur le risque de ce cancer.L’objectif de ce projet de thèse était d’étudier l’influence de la prise de traitements hormonaux (contraceptifs oraux, traitements de l’infertilité, progestatifs pris seuls avant la ménopause et traitements hormonaux de la ménopause) sur le risque de mélanome cutané chez les femmes.Le projet a été conduit principalement à partir de la cohorte prospective E3N (Étude épidémiologique auprès de femmes de l’Éducation nationale) portant sur environ100 000 femmes âgées de 40 à 65 ans à l’inclusion en 1990. L’étude E3N inclut des données détaillées sur le profil pigmentaire, l’exposition solaire et la prise de traitements hormonaux des participantes, ainsi que sur la survenue éventuelle de mélanome cutané, dont les cas ont été confirmés par histologie (761 cas confirmés entre 1990 et 2011). Des données complémentaires sur l’exposition solaire, disponibles pour une fraction de la cohorte E3N, ont également été utilisées. Ces données détaillées sont issues de l’enquête cas-témoin nichée E3N-SunExp menée en 2008. Les analyses ont ensuite été étendues au consortium de cohortes européennes prospectives EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition), sur près de 334 500 femmes parmi lesquelles 1 734 cas de mélanomes incidents ont été diagnostiqués.Les résultats mettent en évidence des associations modestes entre la prise de traitements hormonaux et le risque de mélanome et ne soutiennent pas l’hypothèse de l’hormono-dépendance de ce cancer. Cependant, ils suggèrent un comportement d’exposition intentionnelle aux UV chez leurs utilisatrices, ce qui ouvre une nouvelle perspective pour les recherches futures dans ce domaine. / The hypothesis of a hormonal dependence of cutaneous melanoma has been debated in the literature over past decades. Within this context, it is critical to increase our knowledge on the influence of exogenous hormone use on the risk of this cancer.The aim of this project was to explore the influence of hormonal treatments (oral contraceptives, fertility drugs, premenopausal use of progestogens, and menopause hormone therapy) on the risk of cutaneous melanoma in women.The project was mainly based on the large E3N (Étude épidémiologique auprès de femmes de l’Éducation Nationale) prospective cohort, which included about 100,000 women aged 40-65 years at inclusion in 1990. The cohort collected data on pigmentary phenotype, sun exposure, hormonal treatment use, and medical data including cutaneous melanomas, which were ascertained through pathology reports (761 incident cases between 1990 and 2011). Additional information on sun exposure, available for a portion of the E3N cohort, was used. These detailed data were collected as part of the E3N-SunExp case-control study launched in 2008.Analyses were extended to the EPIC consortium (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition), which includes about 334 500 women and 1,734 incident melanoma cases.The results arising from this project show modest associations between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk and suggest no strong direct influence of hormones on melanoma development. However, results suggest intentional UV exposure behaviors in exogenous hormone users, which opens new perspectives for future investigations in this field.

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