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Comparação do custo e benefício entre o bloqueio ovariano com protocolo curto modificado e protocolo com antagonista em tratamentos de fertilização assisitida /Maldonado, Luiz Guilherme Louzada. January 2014 (has links)
Orientador: José Gonçalves Franco Júnior / Coorientador: Edson Borges Júnior / Banca: João Batista Alcântara Oliveira / Banca: Joelcio Francisco Abade / Banca: Mario Cavagna / Banca: Júlio Elito Junior / Resumo: Não disponível / Abstract: Not available / Doutor
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Determination of in vitro effects of aqueous extract of camellia sinensis on human sperm functionsSetumo, Mmaphulane Abigail January 2021 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Medical Sciences)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive following one year of unprotected sexual intercourse, respectively affects 25% of couples globally. Oxidative stress (OS) has been greatly related to the idiopathic cause of infertility and Camellia sinensis contains antioxidants that may enhance reproductive functions. This study focussed on the effects of Camellia sinensis (green and black tea) on human sperm functions in both normal and abnormal samples. Semen samples (n= 59) collected from donors were liquefied, analysed, and classified as normal (n=40) and abnormal (n= 19) using the WHO criteria. Samples were washed and exposed to aqueous leaf extracts of green and black tea (0, 0.4, 4, 40, 405 μg/ml) for 1 hour. Human Tubular Fluid (HTF) served as the control. The respective sperm parameters were analysed (sperm motility, vitality, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), capacitation and acrosome reaction (CTC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Green and black tea significantly increased vitality, and intact MMP, while it significantly reduced, CTC, and intracellular ROS as well as DNA fragmented spermatozoa in both normal and abnormal samples compared to the control (p<0.05). A significant increase in sperm CTC, ROS, with a decrease in sperm vitality, and intact MMP was observed in the abnormal compared to the normal samples (p<0.05). No significant change in motility was observed between normal and abnormal samples compared to their respective controls, in both green and black tea (p>0.05). Camellia sinensis improved human sperm function in vitro and may be attributed to its antioxidant activity. / National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Regulating the biological family : policy, genetics, discourse, and diminishing ’other’ bodies.Donaghey, Bronwyn January 2006 (has links)
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library. / This thesis identifies and elaborates on the way in which notions of genetic inheritance connect with notions of ’proper’ families and hence shape policies concerning reproduction and family formation. Assumptions about the structure and shape of the ’proper’ or ’traditional’ family - as a heterosexual two-parent unit with biological children - and its claim to naturalness, are embedded in policies related to reproductive technologies and family formation. The thesis explores the discourses surrounding the following specific policies - surrogacy, IVF, adoption, abortion, child support and posthumous reproduction - to elucidate the frameworks of meaning within which we understand these issues. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1295254 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2006
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Regulating the biological family : policy, genetics, discourse, and diminishing ’other’ bodies.Donaghey, Bronwyn January 2006 (has links)
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library. / This thesis identifies and elaborates on the way in which notions of genetic inheritance connect with notions of ’proper’ families and hence shape policies concerning reproduction and family formation. Assumptions about the structure and shape of the ’proper’ or ’traditional’ family - as a heterosexual two-parent unit with biological children - and its claim to naturalness, are embedded in policies related to reproductive technologies and family formation. The thesis explores the discourses surrounding the following specific policies - surrogacy, IVF, adoption, abortion, child support and posthumous reproduction - to elucidate the frameworks of meaning within which we understand these issues. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1295254 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2006
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Der Schutz des extrakorporalen Embryos : eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ausgewählter Probleme im Umgang mit extrakorporalen Embryonen /Pannke, Marie-Luise. January 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Univ., Diss.--Regensburg, 2005. / Literaturverz. S. [XXXV] - LXXVII.
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The role of the cumulus oophorus complex during spermatozoa capacitational eventsRijsdijk, Michelle 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScMedSc (Obstetrics and Gynaecology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Chapter 1 contains a review dealing with nuclear and morphological changes during spermatogenesis and spermatozoa transport with emphasis on the maturation of spermatozoa, capacitation, acrosome reaction and the interaction with the cumulus oophorus complex (COC). The oocyte and cumulus oophorus complex is also discussed particularly on the topic of maturity (oocyte and cumulus maturity). Also presented is a review of the fluorescent binding agents, namely Fluorescein Isothiocyanate labeled with Pisum sativum (FITC-PSA), Chlorotetracycline test (CTC) and Chromomycin A3 (CMA3). Chapter II describes all the materials and methods used during this study. Routine semen analysis is described with emphasis on normal spermatozoon morphology according to strict criteria. The evaluation of capacitation and acrosome reaction (AR) using the CTC and PSA-FITC staining methods as well as the evaluation of spermatozoon nuclear chromatin packaging using the CMA3 staining method is described. Chapter III represents the results recorded in this study. Compared with those spermatozoa cultured in medium alone, spermatozoa exposed to the cumulus mass were more likely to be capacitated and acrosome reacted, with a distinct increase in chromatin packaging quality. A general discussion of the results and future applications are discussed in Chapter IV. In short An in vitro model for spermatozoa penetration through the cumulus oophorus was established. The model can be applied to investigate the effect of the cumulus oophorus on sperm functions and to assist in the selection of functional sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection therapy. All relevant references are presented in Chapter V .
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Human gamete micromanipulation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICI) : its impact on severe male infertilityWindt, Marie-Lena 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch Uni versity, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) introduced a revolutionary way of treatment for male
factor infertility. With the exception of some cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, all other
male factor infertility cases have the potential to be successfully treated with ICS!. The only
prerequisite seems to be the presence of a motile or viable immotile sperm cell for each oocyte.
In this study we report on our own experience with the development and implementation of the
ICSI method in the Reproductive Biology Unit at Tygerberg Hospita!. An analysis of 5 years of
ICSI experience showed that semen parameters, sperm morphology, motility and concentration
did not influence fertilization and pregnancy rates adversely. In most cases, patients who could
not be treated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), due to poor
semen parameters or fertilization failure, were treated successfully with ICS!. Even a case of
globozoospermia was treated successfully with ICS!.
Testicular spermatozoa, fresh or frozen-thawed, also resulted in excellent fertilization and
pregnancy rates. Cryopreservation of testicular samples facilitated the management of the
infertile couple, aiding the coordination of the recovery of vital gametes from both partners and
also limiting the repetition of testicular biopsies. Incubation (maturation) of testicular spermatozoa
also induced an enhancement in pregnancy rates.
It can be concluded that ICSI proved to be a treatment method with success similar to that of in
vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), in spite of a severe male factor.
The study also indicated transfer route and embryo quality (viability) to be very important factors
in the success of ICS!. The tubal transfer route was shown to be a significant contributor to the
pregnancy success (compared to uterine transfer) as was the transfer of embryos that showed
early division to the 2-cell stage, 26 hours post injection. The transfer of early dividing embryos
into the fallopian tube resulted in a pregnancy rate of almost 40%, a result similar to that of GIFT
with a mild male factor.
The role of the oocyte in fertilization and pregnancy success was also revealed indirectly by the
introduction of ICS!. Visual observation of denuded oocytes was possible and many
morphological features, normal and abnormal, can be observed. Immature oocytes can also be
identified and it was shown that they could be successfully matured in vitro before injection.
In this study transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study abnormalities in oocyte
morphology. The standard method was adapted and modified for single cell TEM. The
abnormalities observed included lysosomal and non-lysosomal degeneration (yellowish or darkly
coloured oocytes), degeneration and vacuole formation (vacuolated oocytes), large secondary
lysosomes filled with multiple small lipid droplets - lipofuscin body (refractile body) and a
fragmented oocyte. It was also possible to study at ultrastructural level, possible reasons for
fertilization failure in ICS!. Different stages of oocyte activation failure, cytoplasmic immaturity,
sperm cell extrusion, abnormal sperm cell decondensation, female spindle abnormalities and
technique related factors were observed. TEM was also successfully implemented to elucidate the reason for infertility in a patient with a
longstanding, unexplained history of infertility. TEM evaluation of two of the patient's unfertilized
oocytes revealed a spindle abnormality with contributing cytoskeletal anomalies at ultrastructural
level. The modified TEM technique offers a valuable tool to study this small, but important group
of patients with unexplained infertility. ThisTEM study opened up a new, valuable and interesting
avenue of research with both diagnostic and prognostic value for patients with unexplained
infertility.
ICSI is therefore a valuable method in the treatment of especially male factor infertility. It is the
most advanced fertilization technique developed in the last decade in this field. Not only can
almost all male factor patients be treated, but unexplained female infertility can also be exposed,
studied and hopefully in future also be treated with micromanipulation methods. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van die mikromanipulasie tegniek "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection" (ICSI)
het die behandeling van die manlike faktor in infertiliteit, revolusionêr verander. Met die
uitsondering van sommige gevalle van nie-obstruktiewe asoospermia, kan potensieel alle
ander manlike infertiliteits faktore suksesvol met ICSI behandel word. Die enigste voorvereiste
blyk "n bewegende of "n nie-bewegende, maar bewese lewende spermsel te wees.
In hierdie studie word verslag gedoen oor die ontwikkeling en toepassing van die ICSI metode in
die Eenhed vir Reproduktiewe Biologie by Tygerberg Hospitaal. 'n Analise van 5 jaar se resultate
na die implementering van die ICSI metode het gewys dat die semen parameters, sperm
morfologie, motiliteit en konsentrasie, nie "n effek op bevrugting- en swangerskapsyfers gehad
het nie. Pasiënte wat, as gevolg van ontoereikende semen parameters, nie met die klassieke
metodes, in vitro bevrugting (IVB) of gameet intrafallopiusbuis terugplasing (GIFT) behandel kon
word nie, kon suksesvol met ICSI behandel word. Daar was selfs "n geval van manlike infertiliteit
as gevolg van globosoospermie, wat suksesvol met ICS behandel is.
Die ICSI metode het dit ook moontlik gemaak om uitstekende bevrugting- en swangerskap
resultate met testikulêre spermatosoa .(vars en gevries) te bereik. Die bevriesing van
testisweefsel het ook bygedra tot beter hantering van sulke pasiënte. Herhaalde testisbiopsies
word uitgeskakel en die koórdinasie van die verkryging van die manlike en vroulike gamete, word
ook vergemaklik wanneer testisweefsel in gevriesde vorm beskikbaar is. Die studie het verder
getoon dat wanneer testikulêre weefsel geïnkubeer word (om spermatosoa te laat matureer), die
swangerskapsyfers verhoog was.
Dit is dus duidelik dat die ICSI metode net so suksesvol soos die IVB en GIFT metodes toegepas
kan word, selfs en veral in gevalle van erge manlike faktor infertiliteit.
Die studie het ook verder getoon dat die plek waar embrios teruggeplaas word, asook die
embriokwalitiet van teruggeplaasde embrios, belangrike bydraende faktore in die ICSI
swangerskapsukses was. Embrioterugplasing in die buis van fallopius en terugplasing van
embrios wat vroeë 2-sel deling, 26 uur na ICSI getoon het, is uitgewys as faktore wat ICSI
swangerskap betekenisvol verbeter het. Dit was moontlik om "n swangerskapsyfer van ongeveer
40%, sootgelyk aan die van GIFT sonder "n erge manlike faktor, te bereik met die terugplasing
van ten minste een vroeë deler embrio in die fallopiese buis.
Die ICSI tegniek het ook indirek bygedra tot nuwe insigte met betrekking tot die rol wat die
vroulike eiersel (oësief in ICSI bevrugting speel. Oósiete word gestroop van hulomringende selle
vir die ICSI proses en kan dan maklik vir hul normale en abnormale morfologiese eienskappe
evalueer word. Oësiete wat immatuur is kan ook so geïdentifiseer word en dit is moontlik om hulle
suksesvol te matureer voor mikro-inspuiting.
Transmissie-elektronmikroskopie (TEM) is in die studie gebruik om die ultrastruktuur van
onbevrugde en abnormale oësiete te bestudeer. Hiervoor is "n bestaande tegniek gemodifiseer vir die hantering van "n enkele sel, in hierdie geval die oosiet. Lisasomale en nie-lisosomale degenerasie (oósiete wat geelof donker van kleur voorkom), degeneratiewe tekens en vakuole
(oësiete met vakuole), groot sekondêre lisosome gevul met klein lipieddruppels ('refractile body')
en 'n gefragmenteerde oosiet was van die morfologies abnormale eienskappe wat ultrastruktureel
geïdentifiseer is. Moontlike faktore wat 'n rol kan speel in nie-bevrugting na ICSI kon ook op
ultrastrukturele vlak met die tegniek geïdentifiseer word. Hierdie faktore het die volgende
ingesluit: die onvermoë van verskillende stadiums van oosiet aktivering, sitoplasmatiese
immaturiteit, uitwerping van die spermsel na die periviteliene spasie, abnormale spermsel
dekondensasie, vroulike spoelvormings abnormaliteite en tegniekgekoppelde faktore.
Die TEM tegniek is ook suksesvol aangewend om die infertiliteitsprobleem van 'n pasiënt wat vir
etlike jare aan onverklaarbare infertiliteit gely het, te identifiseer. TEM het op die ultrastrukturele
vlak gewys dat daar 'n spoel abnormaliteit in twee van haar onbevrugde oëslete was. TEM kan
dus baie vrugbaar gebruik word in hierdie groep pasiënte om onverklaarbare infertiliteit, wat
andersins ongeïdentifiseerd sou bly, te verklaar.
Die ICSI metode is die mees revolusionêre tegniek wat die afgelope dekade vir die behandeling
van veral manlike infertiliteit ontwikkel en baie suksesvol toegepas is. Die metode ook kan 'n
bydraende rol speel in die hantering van onverklaarbare infertiliteit veral ten opsigte van die
vroulike gameet. In die toekoms is dit moontlik dat selfs hierdie probleem met nuwe
mikromanipulasietegnieke opgelos sal kan word.
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Surrogate motherhood: legal issuesPretorius, Diederika, 1951- 06 1900 (has links)
Surrogate motherhood is one of the most controversial issues
of our time. The increase in infertility and the shortage of
babies available for adoption, have provided an incentive
for research in assisted reproductive techniques. Rapid
advances in this field have caught the legal system
unprepared in many ways.
The object of this thesis is to investigate the legal
aspects of surrogate motherhood. A background is provided
by an in depth examination and analysis of the practice of
surrogacy in foreign jurisdictions. For this purpose a
selection of interdisciplinary, medical and juridical
reports, court decisions and legislation is analysed.
The surrogacy agreement is affected by principles of both
public and private law. As the agreement is based on
consensus between the parties, Roman Law principles of the
law of obligations, provided a valuable point of departure
in establishing a theoretical basis for the classification
of surrogacy agreements. Having determined the nature of the
agreement, the content is analysed with due regard to
statutory and other relevant considerations, such as the
boni mores, and submissions made regarding the
enforceability and legality of such agreements.
A surrogate mother agreement model is proposed and analysed
in the light of existing South African law. The various ways
in which surrogacy contracts may be breached are examined
and recommendations put forward regarding possible delictual
or contractual remedies.
The legal relationship between the surrogate child and its
gestational (birth) mother and her husband on the one hand
and the intended parents on the other is investigated.
The role of the courts in custody issues - related to
surrogacy - is examined and recommendations put forward as
to how they may be included in the process by determining
the best interest of the surrogate child prior to artificial
insemination.
The civil and criminal liability of medical practitioners
involved in assisted reproductive technology and
specifically surrogacy are expounded. Key issues in the
practice of surrogate motherhood are interpreted in the
light of existing statutory and common law principles.
Recommendations are put forward on these issues and a bill
proposed for the regulation of surrogate motherhood in South
Africa. / Private Law / LLD
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