The morphology, anatomy and pollination biology of Mystacidium Lindl., a small, epiphytic genus of orchids, was investigated within a phylogenetic context. Morphological and anatomical studies were carried out in order to obtain characters for a cladistic analysis of the genus using Cyrtorchis arcuata (Lindl.) Schltr. as an outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the genus may not be monophyletic. Two species of the closely related genus Diaphananthe Schltr., D. caffra (H.Bol.) Linder and D. millarii (H.Bol.) Linder, appear to be nested within Mystacidium. Mystacidium species grow in habitats varying from mistbelt forest to dry savanna. Analysis of stable isotope composition (Ȣ¹³C values) of leaves and roots showed that all Mystacidium species, as well as D. caffra and the outgroup C. arcuata, employ CAM photosynthesis. The Ȣ¹³C values were significantly negatively correlated with mean annual rainfall at the collection sites. Breeding system experiments revealed that Mystacidium is dependent on pollinators for fruit set, and that self-pollination results in substantially reduced seed set due to either inbreeding depression or partial self-incompatibility. Field observations revealed that M. venosum Harv. ex Rolfe and M. capense (L.f.) Schltr. are hawkmoth-pollinated, and that M. gracile Harv. and M. pusillum Harv. are pollinated by settling moths. The spurs of the flowers contain dilute, sucrose-dominant nectar. Mystacidium venosum and M. capense showed evidence of nectar reabsorption. Nocturnal emission of scent occurred in all species except M. aliceae H. Bolus and M. brayboniae Summerh., which are unscented, and was composed largely of a combination of monoterpenes and benzoids. Despite substantial variation in spur length (1 - 4.7 cm) among species, no evidence for directional selection on spur length was found in M. venosum, M. capense or M. gracile. Hand pollinations significantly increased fruit set in M. capense in two consecutive seasons at different sites, indicating pollen limitation. Although pollen removal was greater than pollen receipt in M. venosum, M. capense and M. gracile, suggesting transport loss or insufficient visitation, a remarkably high percentage of removed pqllen reached stigmas (35 - 50%). Experiments on M. venosum revealed that flower longevity is reduced by pollination, and that pollinia removed from flowers remained viable for up to 20 days under field conditions. The phylogeny indicated that long-spurred, hawkmoth-pollinated species are basal within the genus, and that shorter-spurred species pollinated by noctuid moths are derived. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1982. / Summary also in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-175).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jms_dr_botfca.pdf: 435059 bytes, checksum: 94166d93f0c927f7d4158f3aa6ca96ab (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / The aim of this work was to compare the final development of Pinus oocarpa Schiede seedlings using tree different underwater depth and with or without coverage fertilization. The research was done inside on a glass green house at the UNESP - College of Agronomical Science, Rural Engineering Department (Botucatu - SP - Brazil). Two trials were done to evaluate biomass, seedling height and diameter development. The first trial, using underground water on 17 cm, 31 cm and 45 cm depth, with or without coverage fertilization with N-P-K. The second trial was done with 28 flowerpots (12 liters each) and 3 seedlings per unit. The experimental design, used to evaluate the height and diameter growth and hydric potential and relative plant water content, was: 1- without water deficit and without coverage fertilization; 2- with water deficit and without coverage fertilization; 3- without water deficit and with coverage fertilization; 4- with water deficit and coverage fertilization. The underground water result showed that 31 cm and fertilization was better for seedling growing rather that 17 cm and without fertilization. The fertilized treatments showed higher plant high and diameter comparing to non fertilized samples, using Tukey test at 5%. For dry plant matter, the best results were obtained with 31 and 45 cm underground water level. The seedling root system dry mass was decrement along the soil profile. The treatment with underground water of 31 cm and fertilization was superior according to Tukey test at 5% of probability and the treatment with underground water of 17 cm and without fertilization was inferior for root dry mass (g). All the others treatment didn t have statistical differences. It didn t happen the irrigation effect on the plant high development; however the fertilized treatment had superior development compared to unfertilized samples. The relative water content didn t change... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 benvindo_rn_dr_jabo.pdf: 368918 bytes, checksum: 0cc5b2804878ab37be6f3fb2db42a11a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A adequada adubação com fósforo e potássio na cultura do feijão-caupi é importante para melhorar a produtividade de grãos, entretanto, há poucas informações científicas sobre o tema. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de fósforo e potássio via solo, na nutrição e na produtividade do feijão-caupi cultivado em Neossolo Quartzarênico e Latossolo Amarelo no município de Bom Jesus-PI. Para isto, foram realizados três experimentos. O primeiro foi conduzido com o cv BR 17 Gurguéia, no período de março a maio de 2010, em um Neossolo Quartzarênico, com emprego de seis doses de P (0; 50; 100; 150; 200 e 300 kg de P2O5), na forma de superfosfato triplo. O segundo e o terceiro foram desenvolvidos com o cv. BRS Guariba, em Neossolo Quartzarênico, no período de julho a outubro de 2012, e em um Latossolo Amarelo, no período de julho a setembro de 2010, respectivamente, ambos com quatro doses de K (0; 35; 70;105 kg de K2O) na forma de cloreto de potássio. Foram avaliados na época do florescimento os teores foliares de macronutrientes e micronutrientes e, na colheita, o comprimento de vagem, número de grãos por vagem, massa de 1000 grãos, índice de colheita e a produtividade de grãos. No primeiro experimento verificou-se que o aumento das doses de P elevaram os teores deste nutriente nas folhas e nas sementes, porém reduziram os teores foliares de zinco e que a máxima produtividade de grãos foi de 1.319 kg ha-1 na dose de 168 kg ha-1 de P2O5. Tanto no ensaio em Neossolo Quartzarênico como em Latossolo Amarelo observou-se que a produtividade aumentou até a dose de 105 kg ha-1 de K2O atingindo o máximo de 900,3 kg ha-1 e 710,3 kg ha-1, respectivamente / Proper fertilizing with phosphorous and potassium in culture of Cowpea is important to improve productivity of grain, however, there is little scientific information on the subject. Porpose evaluate the effects of the application of phosphorus and potassium via soil, nutrition and productivity of Cowpea cultivated in Quartzarenic Neossol, and Yellow Latosol in the municipality of Bom Jesus-PI. Once the suitable P and K application is needed to improve the productivity of this crop at a specific location and soil, it was idealized this work aiming to assess the best rates of soil fertilization with P and K to maximize nutrition and productivity of Cowpea cultivated on Quartzarenic Neossolo and Yellow Latosol under conditions of the Piauí State. Thus, three experiments were carried out. In the first one, the cv.BR 17 Gurguéia was cultivated, in the period from from March to May, 2010, on a Quartzarenic Neossol, with six P rates (0; 50; 100; 150; 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5), as triple superphosphate. In the second and third trials were used the cv. BRS Guariba on a Quartzarenic Neossol, in the period from July to October, 2012, on a Yellow Latosol (in the period from July to September, 2010), respectively, both with four K rates (0; 35; 70 and 105 kg ha-1 K2O) as KCl. At the blossoming time, the levels of macronutrients and micronutrients were determined in leaves, and at the final harvest it was determined the pod length, number of seeds per pod, kernel weight average, harvest index and productivity of grains. In the first experiment it was found that by increasing P rates it was improved the levels of this nutrient in leaves and seeds, but reduced zinc levels in the leaves. Also, the maximum kernel yield was 1319 kg ha-1, obtained at the rate of 168 kg ha-1 P2O5. On both tested soils Quartzarenic Neosol, and Yellow Latosol the productivity increased up to the rate of 105 kg ha-1 K2O, reaching 900.3 kg ha-1, and 710.3 kg ha-1, respectively

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-09-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 hernandes_a_dr_jabo.pdf: 1638521 bytes, checksum: f87f804f6bc9f527ecc2e708422bded1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A resposta da goiabeira à adubação e à calagem pode ser monitorada pela análise de solo e de tecido vegetal, ferramenta utilizada visando o reequilíbrio do solo e da planta, através da adição de nutrientes em concentração adequada. Porém, o conceito de saturação por bases da capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), usado para fins de avaliação da fertilidade do solo, é fracamente apoiado experimentalmente, é intrinsecamente influenciado pela tendência e redundância dos dados, possuindo dependência de escala e distribuição nãonormal. Por outro lado, o perfil nutricional, usado para fins de diagnose da nutrição vegetal, é definido em relação à padrões de teores de nutrientes, os quais são constantemente criticados por não considerarem as interações que ocorrem entre os elementos e por gerarem tendências numéricas, decorrentes da redundância dos dados, da dependência de escala e da distribuição não-normal. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar um sistema de razões log isométricas (ilr) para corrigir tais distorções, tanto na avaliação da fertilidade do solo como da diagnose foliar, viabilizando o manejo da adubação e da calagem em pomares de goiabeira, ajustando os atuais padrões de nutrientes com a faixa de equilíbrio das goiabeiras mais produtivas. Para isso, foi utilizada uma base de dados de experimentos conduzidos, durante três anos, com doses de N, P e K e, durante sete anos, com doses de calcário, em pomares de goiabeira. Os valores no solo de K, Ca, Mg e da acidez potencial (H + Al) foram divididos em três partições binárias da seguinte forma: o balanço do solo [K | Ca, Mg, H + Al] para gerenciar a adubação potássica; o balanço do solo [Ca, Mg | H + Al] para monitorar a necessidade de calcário; e, o balanço do solo [Ca | Mg] para estabelecer o material de calagem. Selecionaram-se os... / The response of the guava tree to fertilizing and liming can be monitored by analyzing the soil and the plant tissue so that a balance can be reestablished by adding nutrients at the appropriate concentration. However, the concept of base saturation of cationic exchange capacity (CEC), used to assess soil fertility, has little experimental backing and is intrinsically influenced by the trend and redundancy of the data, is scale-dependent and has non-normal distribution. On the other hand, the nutritional profile used for plant nutritional diagnosis is defined in relation to standard nutrient content figures which are constantly criticized for ignoring interactions between elements and for generating numeric trends as a result of data redundancy, scale-dependence and non-normal distribution. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate a system of isometric log ratios (ilr) to correct these distortions, both in soil fertility assessment and in foliar diagnosis, making it possible to manage fertilizing and liming in guava tree orchards, adjusting the current nutrient standards to the range of the highest yielding guava trees. To do this, a database of experiments conducted in guava tree orchards were used, over a three-year period using doses of N, P and K, and over a seven-year period with doses of lime. The soil values for K, Ca, Mg and potential acidity (H + Al) were split into three binary partitions as follows: soil balance [K | Ca, Mg, H + Al] to manage potassium fertilizing; soil balance [Ca, Mg | H + Al] to monitor the need for liming; and soil balance [Ca | Mg] to establish the liming material. The [N, P, K | Ca, Mg], [N, P | K], [N | P] and [Ca | Mg] foliar balances were selected in order to separate the parts played by fertilizers (N-K) and liming (Ca-Mg) in balancing the nutrients. The critical cationic balances in the soil were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-09-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:05:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 amorim_da_dr_jabo.pdf: 937329 bytes, checksum: 2a7dbba9dda26409bb0837ecc6dc3352 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / A adubação mineral consiste em um aporte de nutrientes para o solo, que são absorvidos pelas raízes e distribuídos para os diferentes órgãos da planta, podendo influenciar na produtividade e na qualidade dos frutos. Por outro lado, a aplicação dos adubos altera os parâmetros químicos do solo. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada e potássica em pomar de goiabeiras ‘Paluma’ sobre os atributos químicos de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, o estado nutricional das plantas, a produtividade e a qualidade das goiabas, os teores de nutrientes nos frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em Vista Alegre do Alto, SP, em pomar com sete anos de idade, irrigado, manejado com podas, durante três ciclos de produção. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial com quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 kg planta-1 de N) e quatro de potássio (0, 0,55, 1,1 e 2,2 kg planta-1 de K2O). Utilizou-se uréia e cloreto de potássio, parcelados em quatro aplicações iguais em cada ciclo. A adubação nitrogenada influenciou nos atributos químicos do solo (pH, K, Ca, Mg, SB, V, H+Al, B, Fe e Mn), nos teores de nutrientes das folhas (N, P, Ca, Mg, B, Mn e Zn), nos teores de nutrientes dos frutos (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Zn), bem como na produtividade e qualidade das goiabas (pH, relação polpa/miolo). A adubação potássica teve efeito nas concentrações de K e Mg do solo, nos teores foliares de K, Mn e Mg, nos teores de K e Mn dos frutos e, por outro lado, não afetou a produtividade e os parâmetros qualitativos dos frutos (peso, conteúdo de sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez titulável e relação polpa miolo). Verificou-se interações N x K significativas para as concentrações de K e Mg do solo e para os teores de N e P dos frutos / The mineral fertilizer consists of a supply of nutrients to the soil, which are absorbed by the roots and distributed to the different plant organs, impairing the productivity and fruit quality. Moreover, the application of chemical fertilizers changes the parameters of the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization in an guava orchard cv. 'Paluma' on: chemical attributes of an Ultisol; nutritional status of plants, productivity and quality of guavas; nutrient levels in fruits. The experiment was conducted at Vista Alegre, SP, Brazil, in an 7 years old irrigated orchard, managed through pruning during three production cycles. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, in factorial, with four nitrogen doses (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kg plant-1 N) and four of potassium (0, 0.55, 1.1 and 2.2 kg plant-1 K2O), with three replications. It was used urea and potassium chloride, split in four equal applications on each cycle. Nitrogen fertilization influenced on chemical properties of the soil (pH, K, Ca, Mg, SB, V, H+Al, B, Fe and Mn), nutrient content of leaves (N, P, Ca, Mg, B, Mn and Zn), nutrient content of fruits (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Zn) and on the yield and quality of guava (pH, pulp/core). Potassium fertilization had effect on the concentrations of K and Mg in the soil, in the foliar contents of K, Mg and Mn, in K and Mn content of fruit and, on the other hand, did not affect productivity and fruit quality parameters (weight, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and pulp/core). There was N x K significant interaction for concentrations of K and Mg in the soil and to the concentrations of N and P in fruits

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-10-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gratieri_la_dr_jabo.pdf: 1473193 bytes, checksum: 64b0dce65db8a3753f1491e9eb06f033 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Instituto Federal de Ensino Superior de Muzambinho / Com o objetivo de avaliar nitrogênio e potássio para meloeiro cultivado em fibra de coco, sem drenagem, foi conduzido um experimento em estufa agrícola no período de 21-9-2011 a 3-1-2012, no Instituto Federal Sul de Minas Gerais em Muzambinho, Minas Gerais. O híbrido de melão Bônus no 2 foi cultivado no espaçamento de 1,10 x 0,40 m. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com dezesseis tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 caracterizados por quatro concentrações de nitrogênio na solução nutritiva (8, 12, 16 e 20 mmol L-1) e quatro de potássio (4, 6, 8 e 10 mmol L-1) com três repetições. A parcela experimental foi constituída por 8 plantas. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento, nutrição mineral, produção do meloeiro, qualidade dos frutos e atributos químicos do substrato. Fertirrigações com 20 e 10 mmol L-1 de N e K, respectivamente, sem drenagem de solução nutritiva, não causam salinização do substrato. A máxima produtividade do meloeiro Bônus no 2, cultivado em fibra de coco, sem drenagem, é obtida com concentrações de N e K maiores do que 20 e 10 mmol L-1 / In order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium concentrations in the nutrient solution for melons grown on coconut fiber, without drainage, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the period of 09-21-2011 to 01-03-2012, at the Instituto Federal Sul de Minas Gerais, in Muzambinho, Minas Gerais. The melon hybrid 'Bonus 2' was grown in a spacing of 1.1 x 0.4 m. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with sixteen treatments, in a 4 x 4 factorial design characterized by four nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution (8, 12, 16 and 20 mmol L-1) and four potassium concentrations (4, 6 , 8 and 10 mmol L-1) with three replicates. The experimental plot consisted of 8 plants. It was evaluated the characteristics of growth, mineral nutrition, melon production, fruit quality and chemical properties of the substrate. Fertirrigation with the concentrations of 20 and 10 mmol L-1 of N and K, respectively, without the drainage of the nutritive solution, does not lead to substrate salinization. Themaximum productivity of melon “Bonus 2” cultivated on coconut fiber, without drainage, is obtained with concentrations of N and K higher than 20 and 10 mmolL-1

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_gs_dr_jabo.pdf: 239730 bytes, checksum: 9d4321121c4e13a505bb061c3df312d1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Na UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, SP, no período de 17 de fevereiro a 6 de maio de 2009, foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar doses de fósforo e de potássio na adubação de repolho ’Fuyutoyo’ cultivado em Latossolo com alto teor dos nutrientes. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas as doses de fósforo: 0, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600 e 720 kg ha-1 de P2O5, e no segundo experimento foram avaliadas as doses de potássio: 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 e 360 kg ha-1 de K2O. Para cada experimento, o delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos e três repetições. As doses de fósforo influenciaram a massa seca de folha, teor de P na folha diagnóstica, o acúmulo de P no caule e o teor de P no solo após a colheita. Houve ajuste polinomial quadrático para área foliar, massa da cabeça de repolho e produtividade, às doses de fósforo. As doses de potássio influenciaram o teor de K na folha diagnóstica, acúmulo de K na folha e o teor de K no solo após a colheita. Em Latossolo com teor alto de P disponível, a adubação com este nutriente influencia o crescimento e a produção do repolho ’Fuyutoyo’, enquanto em Latossolo com teor alto de K disponível, a adubação com este nutriente não influencia o crescimento e a produção do repolho / At UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, from February 17 to May 6, 2009, two experiments were conducted with the objective of evaluating the levels of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on 'Fuyutoyo' cabbage grown in Oxisol with high content of nutrients. In the first experiment were evaluated the phosphorus doses: 0, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600 and 720 kg ha-1 P2O5, and in the second experiment assessed the potassium levels: 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 kg ha-1 of K2O. For each experiment, the experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and three replications. The phosphorus levels influenced the dry leaf weight, P concentration in diagnostic leaf, the accumulation of P in the stem and also the P content in the soil after harvest. There was a quadratic polynomial fit to leaf area, head cabbage and productivity, at doses of phosphorus. The doses of potassium influenced the content of K in the diagnostic leaf, the leaf K accumulation and K content in the soil after harvest. In Oxisol with high content of available P fertilization with this nutrient influences growth and production of 'Fuyutoyo’ cabbage while in Oxisol with high content of available K fertilization with this nutrient does not influence the growth and production of cabbage

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-23. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842984.pdf: 661683 bytes, checksum: 4ba549c5d2366d9a15644d74fedcf488 (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito de formas de parcelamentos e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura na produção, acúmulo de nutrientes e qualidade de cenoura. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel (FCA/UNESP), localizada em São Manuel-SP, no período de julho a novembro de 2013. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao caso, com nove tratamentos, resultantes de um fatorial 4x2 + Testemunha sem adubação nitrogenada, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído de quatro doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (60; 90; 120 e 150 kg ha-1) e o segundo, de duas formas de parcelamento. No primeiro parcelamento, as doses foram divididas em três aplicações de 1/3 da dose e no segundo parcelamento foi 1/6+2/6+3/6 da dose. Foi utilizado o híbrido Belgrado. As características avaliadas no final do ciclo foram: características vegetativas (massa da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e altura da parte aérea), de produção (massa da matéria fresca e seca de raiz, diâmetro, comprimento e produtividade das raízes), teor e acúmulo de macronutrientes (na parte aérea e raiz) e características físico-químicas das raízes (sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável, pH, teor de carotenóides e açúcares redutores). Para a maioria das características vegetativa e de produção da raiz obteve-se efeito quadrático para as doses de nitrogênio em cobertura, com máxima produtividade estimada para a dose de 138 kg de N ha-1. Os parcelamentos não influenciaram nos teores de macronutrientes na diagnose foliar, porém influenciaram a maioria das características vegetativas e de produção de raízes, com maiores valores para o parcelamento 1/6+2/6+3/6. O acúmulo dos macronutrientes ... / The objective of this study was to assess the effect of forms of installments and nitrogen rates in covering the production, accumulation of nutrients and quality of carrot. The experiment was conducted in São Manuel Experimental Farm (FCA/UNESP), located in São Manuel-SP, in the period from July to November 2013. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, with nine treatments resulting from factorial 4x2 + control without nitrogen fertilization, with four replications. The first factor consisted of four nitrogen rates in covering (60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) and the second, parceling in two ways. In the first parceling rates were divided into three applications of 1/3 of the rate and the second parceling was 1/6+2/6+3/6 the dose. Belgrade hybrid was used. Vegetative characteristics (fresh and dry weight of shoot and shoot height), production (roots fresh and dry weight, diameter and length of the roots and yield), content and accumulation of macronutrients (shoot and root) and root physico-chemical characteristics (soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids / titratable acidity, pH, carotenoids content and reducing sugars) were evaluated at the end of the cycle. For most of vegetative characteristics and root production in was obtained quadratic effect for nitrogen levels in coverage, with estimated maximum yield at the rate of 138 kg of N ha-1. The parceling don't influence the levels of macronutrients on leaf analysis, however influenced most vegetative characteristics and root production, with higher values for the parceling 1/6+2/6+3/6. The accumulation of macronutrients by the carrot plant, showed a quadratic effect in function of nitrogen rates in coverage, with the highest accumulation in the parceling 1/3+1/3+1/3 obtained with rates in the between 105 and 127 kg of N ha-1 and parceling 1/6+2/6+3/6 at doses in the between 135 and 140 kg of N ha-1. The decreasing order of ...

Orientador: Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso / Banca: Felipe Oliveira Magro / Banca: Regina Marta Evangelista / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito de formas de parcelamentos e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura na produção, acúmulo de nutrientes e qualidade de cenoura. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel (FCA/UNESP), localizada em São Manuel-SP, no período de julho a novembro de 2013. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao caso, com nove tratamentos, resultantes de um fatorial 4x2 + Testemunha sem adubação nitrogenada, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído de quatro doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (60; 90; 120 e 150 kg ha-1) e o segundo, de duas formas de parcelamento. No primeiro parcelamento, as doses foram divididas em três aplicações de 1/3 da dose e no segundo parcelamento foi 1/6+2/6+3/6 da dose. Foi utilizado o híbrido Belgrado. As características avaliadas no final do ciclo foram: características vegetativas (massa da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e altura da parte aérea), de produção (massa da matéria fresca e seca de raiz, diâmetro, comprimento e produtividade das raízes), teor e acúmulo de macronutrientes (na parte aérea e raiz) e características físico-químicas das raízes (sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável, pH, teor de carotenóides e açúcares redutores). Para a maioria das características vegetativa e de produção da raiz obteve-se efeito quadrático para as doses de nitrogênio em cobertura, com máxima produtividade estimada para a dose de 138 kg de N ha-1. Os parcelamentos não influenciaram nos teores de macronutrientes na diagnose foliar, porém influenciaram a maioria das características vegetativas e de produção de raízes, com maiores valores para o parcelamento 1/6+2/6+3/6. O acúmulo dos macronutrientes ... / Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of forms of installments and nitrogen rates in covering the production, accumulation of nutrients and quality of carrot. The experiment was conducted in São Manuel Experimental Farm (FCA/UNESP), located in São Manuel-SP, in the period from July to November 2013. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, with nine treatments resulting from factorial 4x2 + control without nitrogen fertilization, with four replications. The first factor consisted of four nitrogen rates in covering (60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) and the second, parceling in two ways. In the first parceling rates were divided into three applications of 1/3 of the rate and the second parceling was 1/6+2/6+3/6 the dose. Belgrade hybrid was used. Vegetative characteristics (fresh and dry weight of shoot and shoot height), production (roots fresh and dry weight, diameter and length of the roots and yield), content and accumulation of macronutrients (shoot and root) and root physico-chemical characteristics (soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids / titratable acidity, pH, carotenoids content and reducing sugars) were evaluated at the end of the cycle. For most of vegetative characteristics and root production in was obtained quadratic effect for nitrogen levels in coverage, with estimated maximum yield at the rate of 138 kg of N ha-1. The parceling don't influence the levels of macronutrients on leaf analysis, however influenced most vegetative characteristics and root production, with higher values for the parceling 1/6+2/6+3/6. The accumulation of macronutrients by the carrot plant, showed a quadratic effect in function of nitrogen rates in coverage, with the highest accumulation in the parceling 1/3+1/3+1/3 obtained with rates in the between 105 and 127 kg of N ha-1 and parceling 1/6+2/6+3/6 at doses in the between 135 and 140 kg of N ha-1. The decreasing order of ... / Mestre