Thesis, PlanA (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

No description available.

by Wong Ka-Hing. / "September 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-279). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Diss. -- Helsingin yliopisto. / Myös verkkojulkaisuna.

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Orientador: Admar Costa de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_GiovanaErmeticedeAlmeida_M.pdf: 405804 bytes, checksum: 0e05a1531b70049aa90b951923b01957 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O baixo valor nutritivo das proteínas de leguminosas representa um de seus maiores problemas, sendo tipicamente inferior ao das proteínas animais. Alguns fatores responsáveis são conhecidos, porém, tem sido conferida alguma atenção à ação das fibras alimentares e substâncias semelhantes no organismo, embora os estudos sejam poucos. Neste estudo foram determinados o valor nutritivo e os teores de fibra alimentar e amido resistente de dietas contendo grãos das leguminosas: ervilha (Pisum sativum L.), feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) e lentilha (Lens culinaris Med.). As leguminosas foram utilizadas como fonte protéica (12%) das dietas fornecidas ad libitum em ensaio biológico de 14 dias, utilizando-se 96 ratos albinos machos da linhagem Wistar, com 21-23 dias de vida e peso de 45-50g. Foram realizados também tratamentos para controle contendo caseína igualmente ao nível protéico de 12% e aprotéico para fins corretivos. Conforme os dados de Digestibilidade Aparente e Corrigida pela Dieta Aprotéica (DA e DCDA, respectivamente), Quociente de Eficiência Protéica Líquida (NPR) e Eficiência Alimentar (QEA), o grão-de-bico foi a leguminosa de maior destaque devido aos teores próximos aos da dieta contendo caseína, reconhecida por sua qualidade nutricional e por não ter sido detectada fibra solúvel nos seus grãos. Os resultados obtidos com a dieta contendo grão-de-bico foram 74,80 ± 3,29% para DCDA, 4,28 ± 0,41 para o NPR, e 0,47 ± 0,05 para o QEA, enquanto que os da dieta contendo caseína foram 85,21 ± 2,97% para DCDA, 4,24 ± 0,41 para o NPR, e 0,48 ± 0,05 para o QEA. Para o valor nutritivo de dietas contendo ervilha também se constatou qualidade da proteína, pois se por um lado foi obtida digestibilidade inferior à dos demais grupos (à exceção da dieta de feijão-comum), por outro, os resultados de NPR (4,53 ± 0,71) e de QEA (0,47 ± 0,10), indicadores da qualidade e eficiência da proteína da dieta e da dieta, respectivamente, foram equivalentes ou até superiores aos do grupo controle. O valor nutritivo do feijão-comum e da lentilha foi inferior ao das leguminosas ervilha e grão-de-bico, sendo que a eficiência nutricional dos alimentos pode em parte estar relacionada à quantidade presente de fibras e substâncias semelhantes. Para fibra alimentar solúvel verificou-se correlação negativa significativa para todos os índices de valor nutritivo, indicando ser este um dos fatores responsáveis pela diminuição da digestibilidade de proteína (r = -0,6582, p<0,001), especialmente no caso da dieta de feijão-comum que demonstrou os maiores conteúdos de fibra alimentar solúvel (1,41 ± 0,15 g/100g) e os menores valores de digestibilidade (47,59 ± 10,04%). Maiores conteúdos de Fibra Alimentar Insolúvel foram associados ao menor Quociente de Eficiência Protéica Líquida ¿ NPR, (r = -0,5296, p<0,001), mas sem correlação significativa com a digestibilidade de proteína. Houve correlação positiva entre os teores de Amido Resistente nas dietas e a digestibilidade (r = 0,7098, p<0,001), com melhoria da digestão da proteína fornecida nas dietas experimentais / Abstract: The low nutritional value of legumes proteins represents one of its notable problems, being typically lower than animal proteins. Some responsible factors are known, however some attention has been given to the action of dietary fibers and similar substances in the organism, even so the studies are few. In this study, the nutritional value and dietary fiber and resistant starch levels of legumes grains: pea (Pisum sativum L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) e lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) were determined. Legumes were used as protein source (12%) of the diets supplied ad libitum in a biological assay of 14 days using 96 male albine Wistar rats with 21 to 23-days-old and 45-50g weight. Control treatments with casein also having protein level of 12% and free-protein diet for corrective proposals had been carried. According to the data of apparent digestibility and corrected by the free-protein diet (DA and DCDA, respectively), Net Protein Ratio (NPR) and Quotient of Alimentary Efficiency (QEA), chickpea was the leguminous of higher prominence due to values next to the ones of the casein diet recognized for yours nutritional quality and for not having been detected soluble fiber in its grains. The results founded for the diet containing chickpea were 74.80 ± 3.29% for DCDA, 4.28 ± 0.41 for the NPR, and 0.47 ± 0.05 for the QEA, while the results for the diet containing casein were 85.21 ± 2.97% for DCDA, 4.24 ± 0.41 for the NPR, and 0.48 ± 0.05 for the QEA. For the nutritional value of diets containing pea, protein quality was also verified, because if by one side it was founded a lower digestibility in comparison to the other groups (with exception to common-bean diet), on the other hand, the results of NPR (4.53 ± 0.71) and QEA (0.47 ± 0.10) indicators of quality and efficiency of the diet protein and the diet, respectively, values were equal or even higher than the control group. The nutritional value of common-bean and lentil were lower than the peas and chickpea legumes, considering that nutritional efficiency of foods can be, at least in part, associated with the levels of dietary fiber and related substances. For soluble dietary fiber it was verified significantly negative correlation for all nutritional value indices, indicating to be one of the responsible factors for diminishing the protein digestibility (r = -0,6582, p<0,001), especially for the diet containing common-bean, that has the highest contents of soluble dietary fiber (1.41 ± 0.15 g/100g) and the lowest values of digestibility (47.59 ± 10.04%). Higher levels of insoluble dietary fiber were associated with lower Net Protein Ratio ¿ NPR (r = -0.5296, p<0.001) but without significantly correlation with protein digestibility. There was positive correlation between resistant starch contents in the diets and digestibility (r = 0,7098, p<0,001), improving the digestion of the protein supplied by the experimental diets / Mestrado / Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição

The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of crude fiber in the diet and the laxation rate of college women consuming self-selected diets.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the disappearance of crude fiber and lignin from the digestive tracts of healthy young college women consuming a self-selected diet.

The effect of diets with various dietary fiber sources on the plasma lipids, liver cholesterol, the histology of the gastrointestinal tract, heart, liver and kidney and the fecal neutral steroid excretion was investigated in hamsters. 155, 9-11 wk old, male Golden-syrian hamsters were fed a purified basal hypercholesterolemic diet (0.1% cholesterol, 10% fat, 4% dietary fiber) for 5 wk to elevate plasma lipid levels. Based on wk 4 plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels hamsters with elevated levels were randomly assigned, 16 animals/group, into six groups for another 4 wk: control, oat bran, guar gum, cellulose, xylan and sacrifice. After 4 wk of the fiber diets (10% dietary fiber), the plasma TC levels were significantly lowered in the oat bran, guar gum and xylan groups (16%, 12% and 15%, respectively) (p<.05). They were also significantly lower than the control and cellulose groups. Plasma HDL-C concentrations tended to be lower in all the treatment groups, but was significantly decreased only in the guar gum group (12%) (p<.05). The combined plasma VLDL-C + LDL-C was significantly lowered by the oat bran, cellulose and xylan diets (38%, 40% and 34%, respectively) (p<.05). The liver cholesterol concentration increased significantly from 1 mg cholesterol/g liver to 4.1 mg cholesterol/g liver (p<.05) after 4 wk of the control diet; this was further increased significantly only in the cellulose group (5.6 mg cholesterol/g liver), while the other treatment groups showed no significant changes or differences compared to the control diet group (wk 4). The total fecal neutral steroid excretion was significantly (p<.05) higher in the oat bran group compared to the other treatment groups. No major differences were observed in the tissue histology of the animals in the different treatment groups. In the present study, it appeared that oat bran, guar gum and xylan were effective hypocholesterolemic agents; however, their mechanism of action is still not clear. / Ph. D.