The purpose of this study is to investigate the disappearance of crude fiber and lignin from the digestive tracts of healthy young college women consuming a self-selected diet.

Magistrantūros studijų baigiamajame darbe pateikiami laikomų didžiųjų moliūgų minkštimo cheminės sudėties kitimo duomenys, koreliacijos ryšiai. Tyrimo objektas: laikomi didžiųjų moliūgų vaisiai. Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti cheminių junginių kiekio kitimą didžiųjų moliūgų (Cucurbita maxima D.) vaisiuose laikymo metu. Uždaviniai: • Nustatyti didžiųjų moliūgų vaisių minkštimo cheminę sudėtį; • Įvertinti didžiųjų moliūgų cheminės sudėties kitimą laikymo metu; • Jusliškai įvertinti moliūgų vaisių minkštimo kokybę. Tyrimo metodai: Moliūgų vaisių derlius buvo laikomas patalpoje, kurioje aplinkos temperatūra - 14 oC, santykinis oro dėgnis 70 %. Tyrimo rezultatai: • Pirmoje darbo dalyje išnagrinėta moliūgų istorija, maistinė vertė, panaudojimo galimybės. • Antroje darbo dalyje aptariamas tyrimo objektas ir metodika. • Trečioje darbo dalyje pateikiami darbo rezultatai: pagal moliūgų minkštimo cheminę sudėtį, galime teigti, Didžiausias žalios ląstelienos (13,85 %) kiekis, askorbo rūgšties (7,73 mg 100g-1) ir karotenoidų (17,69 mg 100g-1) kiekis, nustatytas 'Amazonka' minkštime. Laikymo metu pastebėtas žalių pelenų kiekio didėjimas 'Karowita' ir 'Justynka' minkštime. Askorbo rūgšties, sausųjų medžiagų, karotenoidų, kalio ir nitratų kiekiai laikymo eigoje, visų tirtų moliūgų minkštime, mažėjo. Jusliškai įvertinus moliūgo minkštimą, galime teigti, pagal skonį, kvapą ir išvaizdą geriausias prieš ir po laikymo buvo 'Justynka' minkštimas. / Research object: great pumpkin fruit storage. Research aim: identify the chemical compounds in the evolution of great pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) fruit during storage. Objectives: • Evaluation of chemical composition of great pumpkin fruit pulp; • Evaluation of great pumpkin chemical composition during their storage; • Pumpkin fruit pulp sesnsory analysis; Research methods: The pumpkin fruits were stored in 14 ºC temperature and 70% air Degn. Research results: o The first part will examine the history of the pumpkin, nutritional value, usability. o The second part deals with the study and methodology. o The third part of the work results: The 'Amazonka' had highest amount of crude fiber (13,85%), ascorbic acid (7,73 mg 100 g -1) and carotenoids (17,69 mg 100 g-1). During the storage raw ash amount increased in 'Karowita' and 'Justynka' varieties pumpkins pulps. Amounts of ascccorbic acid, dry matters, carotenoids, potasium and nitrate decreased during the storage. The best taste, odour and appearance had 'Justynka' pumpkin pulp.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_ms_me_botfmvz.pdf: 174069 bytes, checksum: 2dd52fa6a3e9b9232005ba7edbfded45 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / The objective of this paper was to compare dried corn plant (DCP) as a roughage (R) source for lactating goats to roughages traditionally used for feeding ruminants: alfalfa hay (AH) and coastcross hay (CCH). Twenty-one crossbred goats weighing an average of 66.48 kg were used. After reaching their lactation peak, they were distributed among seven 3 x 3 latin squares. Each experimental diet consisted of one of the roughages fed ad lib plus a commercial concentrate (C) for lactating goats, fed on a basis of 1 kg for every 2.5 kg of milk. Each group, composed by seven animals kept in a collective pen with slatted floor, stayed in each treatment for two weeks; the first week was an adaptation period, whereas milk yield measurements and milk samples were collected during the second week. Dry or as-fed matter intake was higher in AH than in DCP or CCH. No treatment effect on C intake was detected. The higher dry matter intake in AH led to higher intakes of crude protein, ether extract, minerals, nitrogen-free extract, total digestible nutrients and acid detergent fiber, both in R and in the total diet (R + C). No treatment effect was observed for either crude fiber or neutral detergent fiber intakes in R and in R+C. Milk yield and milk PB content were higher in AH than in DCP or CCH; however, milk yield corrected for 3.5% fat and body weight loss were higher in AH than in CCH, but DCP did not differ from the other two treatments. Production cost per kg of milk was lower for DCP than for AH or CCH. The results show that DCP is a valid alternative roughage for dairy goats.

Orientador: Heraldo César Gonçalves / Abstract: The objective of this paper was to compare dried corn plant (DCP) as a roughage (R) source for lactating goats to roughages traditionally used for feeding ruminants: alfalfa hay (AH) and coastcross hay (CCH). Twenty-one crossbred goats weighing an average of 66.48 kg were used. After reaching their lactation peak, they were distributed among seven 3 x 3 latin squares. Each experimental diet consisted of one of the roughages fed ad lib plus a commercial concentrate (C) for lactating goats, fed on a basis of 1 kg for every 2.5 kg of milk. Each group, composed by seven animals kept in a collective pen with slatted floor, stayed in each treatment for two weeks; the first week was an adaptation period, whereas milk yield measurements and milk samples were collected during the second week. Dry or as-fed matter intake was higher in AH than in DCP or CCH. No treatment effect on C intake was detected. The higher dry matter intake in AH led to higher intakes of crude protein, ether extract, minerals, nitrogen-free extract, total digestible nutrients and acid detergent fiber, both in R and in the total diet (R + C). No treatment effect was observed for either crude fiber or neutral detergent fiber intakes in R and in R+C. Milk yield and milk PB content were higher in AH than in DCP or CCH; however, milk yield corrected for 3.5% fat and body weight loss were higher in AH than in CCH, but DCP did not differ from the other two treatments. Production cost per kg of milk was lower for DCP than for AH or CCH. The results show that DCP is a valid alternative roughage for dairy goats. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:48:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson_Luiz_de_Carvalho.pdf: 587976 bytes, checksum: b32e719d7c585ab266c2d3e3f274f426 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-21 / An experiment was realized to compare different methods to determine nutrient digestibility of a dry kibble diet for ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). Total collection (TC) and internal markers were used to study the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy (GE) of a commercial feline diet with 30.8 % of CP and 23.8% of EE. Acid insoluble ash (AIA), crude fiber (CF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were the marker methods used to estimate the apparent digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NFE and GE. Six adult animals, male (n=4) and females (n=2), with average weight of 12.45 ± 1.37 Kg, received the diet during 10 days prior to the total collection period. The AIA method showed no difference from TC (P>0.05) and can be used to determine digestibility coefficients for ocelots. The CF and ADF markers underestimated the digestibility obtained by total collection method and are not recommended to estimate these coefficients in ocelots (P<0.05). It is concluded that the CIA indicator can be used as an alternative to determine the digestibility of dry kibble diets for ocelots / Neste experimento foram comparados os métodos de coleta total de fezes (CT) e indicadores internos para determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), extrativo não nitrogenado (ENN) e energia bruta (EB) de ração para jaguatiricas (Leopardus pardalis). A dieta utilizada foi uma ração comercial, ajustada para gatos domésticos, com 30,8 % de PB e 23,8% de EE. Os indicadores internos avaliados foram a cinza insolúvel em ácido (CIA), fibra bruta (FB) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA). Seis animais adultos, machos (n=4) e fêmeas (n=2), com peso médio (± desvio padrão) de 12,45 ± 1,37 Kg, receberam gradativamente a ração experimental na dieta habitual até o início do experimento e foram submetidos a um período de adaptação de 10 dias anteriores à CT que foi de 12 dias. O método de CIA não apresentou diferença em relação ao de CT (P> 0,05) para todas as variáveis analisadas, enquanto os indicadores FB e FDA subestimaram os coeficientes de digestibilidade obtidos pelo método de CT (P< 0,05). Conclui-se que o indicador CIA pode ser utilizado como alternativa para determinar coeficientes de digestibilidade de dietas para jaguatiricas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Adelia Cristina Fernandes Silva.pdf: 305496 bytes, checksum: f82a7e3cbe5bde850f4a8f4687e0733f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18 / The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) stands out in Brazil because of its economic and, above all social importance, being an essential source of fiber of the human daily diet. To quantify the fiber content and the genetic variability in Brazilian genotypes is very important because it can ensure the success of breeding programs, evaluating the relative efficiency of the methods for conducting segregating populations. The objective of this research was to compare the genetic potential of segregating populations of the common bean submitted to different breeding methods for the character of crude fiber content and grain yield. Families were obtained by hybridization between the lines CNFC 7812 and CNFC 7829 with 12.7% and 17% of fiber content respectively. The families were conducted by three different breeding methods: Bulk, Bulk within F2 and SSD until the F7 generation. The design to analyze the families was the 14x14 lattice with three replications, conducted in two locations: Santo Antonio/GO and Ponta Grossa/PR. The crude fiber content and grain yield were evaluated in all families from the three methods. The components of variance, genetic and phenotypical parameters were then estimated from the mean square expected values. Based on the results, it can be concluded that for the crude fiber character and the grain yield, the best method was the Bulk within families, which generated the greatest number of families of high rank characteristic. In this research, this method therefore was superior for both SSD and Bulk methods. It was observed among the evaluated families obtained from the crossing CNFC 7812 x CNFC 7829, enough genetic variability to be explored for the characters of crude fiber content and grain yield. / O feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) destaca-se no Brasil por sua importância econômica e, sobretudo social, sendo uma importante fonte de fibra na dieta habitual. Conhecer a variabilidade genética para teor de fibra em feijoeiro comum é muito importante, pois pode garantir o sucesso de programas de melhoramento, avaliando-se a eficiência relativa dos métodos de condução de população disponíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em comparar o desempenho de famílias de feijoeiro comum obtidas por diferentes métodos de condução de populações segregantes, para os caracteres teor de fibra bruta e produtividade de grãos. Foram obtidas famílias a partir do cruzamento entre os genitores CNFC 7812 e CNFC 7829 com 12,7% e 17,0% de teor de fibra, respectivamente. As famílias foram conduzidas por três métodos de melhoramento: bulk, bulk dentro de famílias e o SSD até a geração F7. O delineamento utilizado para analisar as famílias foi um látice 14x14, com três repetições, conduzido em dois locais: Santo Antônio de Goiás/GO, na safra de inverno no ano agrícola 2008 e Ponta Grossa/PR na safra das águas no ano agrícola 2008/2009. Foram realizadas avaliações para teor de fibra bruta e produtividade de grãos em todas as famílias provenientes dos três métodos de condução de populações. A partir das esperanças matemáticas dos quadrados médios estimaram-se os componentes de variância e os parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos. Dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que, para os caracteres fibra bruta e produtividade de grãos, o método mais indicado foi o bulk dentro de famílias, por gerar o maior número de famílias superiores e as melhores médias sendo, por isso, superior neste trabalho ao método SSD e ao método do bulk. Entre as famílias avaliadas do cruzamento CNFC 7812 x CNFC 7829 existe variabilidade genética suficiente para ser explorada para os caracteres teor de fibra bruta e produtividade de grãos.