Orientador: Jose Pissolato Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T18:17:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_ValeriaCristiane_M.pdf: 9885573 bytes, checksum: eee5ffee7c0a540498ec7bb5a8436b15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta a elaboração e a construção de um sensor utilizado na detecçãode intensidade de campo elétrico e consequentemente de descargas atmosféricas. O sensor de diâmetro igual a 10 cm é constituído por uma placa girante composta por quatro aletas, que tem seu movimento de rotação controlado por um mini motor de 12000 rpm, e uma placa fixa, denominada placa de medição, composta por oito aletas que são responsáveis por produzir uma tensão alternada referente ao campo elétrico ao qual o sensor está submetido. Quando o rotor (placa girante) gira sobre o estator (placa de medição), ele expõe a placa de medição ao campo elétrico e isola-o deste campo quando está sobre ele. Dessa forma corta-se o campo elétrico normal estático ou que varia muito lentamente. O medidor de campo elétrico (EFM - do inglês Eletric Field Mill ) cria um campo "variável" que irá induzir uma carga elétrica no estator. A magnitude e polaridade da carga são dependentes da magnitude e polaridade do campo elétrico. A placa de medição gera um sinal da ordem de milivolts, sendo necessário a utilização de amplificadores para torná-lo significante para análise. O sinal amplificado será então digitalizado e enviado à um software para visualização dos dados gerados pelo sensor. Neste trabalho apresenta-se também um estudo sobre origem de cargas nas nuvens, formação de tempestade, assim como formação e classificação dos raios. / Abstract: This paper presents the development and construction of a sensor used to detect intensity of electric field and consequently of lightning. The sensor diameter of 10 cm consists of a plate consisting of four revolving vanes that has its rotation controlled by a small motor to 12000 rpm and a fixed plate, called a measuring board, composed of eight vanes that are responsible for produce a alternating voltage electric field concerning which the sensor is subjected. When the rotor (revolving vanes) turns on the stator (plate measurement), it exposes the plate for measuring the electric field alone, and the field when this is over it. Thus is cut to the normal static electric field or which varies very slowly. The electric field meter (EFM - the English Electric Field Mill) creates a field "variable" that will induce an electric charge in the stator. The magnitude and polarity of the load are dependent on the magnitude and polarity of the electric field. The measurement plate generates a measurement signal of the order of millivolts, requiring the use of amplifiers to make it significant for analysis. The amplified signal is then digitized and sent to a software for visualization of data generated by the sensor. In this work it is also a study of origin of cargoes in the clouds, formation of storm as well as training and classification of rays. / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

During the Apollo 10 and 17 missions NASA astronauts reported that they saw streamers emanating from the surface of the moon. They concluded that the streamers were produced by light scattering from dust particles. The particles are believed to be transported by an ambient electric field. This theorized electric field has never been measured directly, although the electric potential on the surface and above it has. The exact behavior and origin of the electric field is unknown, but has been approximated to be between 1 and 12 V/m. To measure this electrical field a new type of instrument, called Multi Plate Field Mills (MPFM) has been developed. This type of instrument is capable of measuring both the amplitude and directionality of the electrical field. Three of these instruments will be mounted on a 1U CubeSat to be lunched with the PTS mission to the moon scheduled to Q4 2019. In this work the MPFM were characterized. The precision of the instrument for electrical fields applied along the z, y and x axis was found to be 0.6, 1.3, 1.4 (V/m)/(Hz)^(1/2) respectively for measurements in air and 0.14, 0.6, 0.6 (V/m)/(Hz)^(1/2) for measurements in vacuum. This sensitivity outperforms the current state of the art Field Mills and, in addition to that, it provides an assessment of the directionality of the electrical field. / Umeå Lunar Venture

With power generation and consumption placed further away from each other, with for example increased offshore power production, the need for HVDC transmission systems increases. As voltage levels in the HVDC transmission system are raised, the losses can be decreased, enabling efficient power transfer over longer distances. Such an increase in voltage levels comes with questions regarding insulation performance due to increased electrical field stress in high voltage apparatus, particularly in and around cable terminations. Thus, physical measurements of electrical fields or voltage potentials in air are of interest to improve the understanding of the electrical fields around cable terminations as well as to verify and develop simulation models for use at ultra high voltage. In this thesis, different measurement systems and sensors for electrical field measurements are investigated, and their benefits and drawbacks are compared to a known previously implemented reference measurement system with known strengths and limitations. Two new conceptual measurement systems with a sensor concept and positioning system are developed and proposed for a set of given conditions, such as measurement around cable terminations in air. The first proposed system is based on a shutter field mill sensor placed on variable electric potential. The second system is based on the reference system's sensor design modified to remove the need for a large positioning system. The feasibility of the two measurement systems is investigated further utilizing a COMSOL model and a mechanical prototype. The simulation model is used for electrical field simulations around cable terminations in a 2D-axisymmetric geometry as well as a 3D geometry to verify the first measurement system. The mechanical prototype is utilized to test and verify the possibility of implementing the second system's positioning system. The two final proposed measurement systems can be further developed and used as a foundation for a future implemented measurement system. / Ökad elproduktion i form av exempelvis vindkraftsverk placerade till havs leder till elproduktion och konsumtion placerad med större avstånd från varandra, vilket skapar ett behov av HVDC transmissionssystemm. Genom att höja spänningsnivåerna i transmissionssystemet kan förluster minskar, vilket möjligör effektiv kraftöverföring över längre avstånd. En sådan ökning av spänningsnivåerna i transmissionssystemet kommer med obesvarade frågor angående isoleringsprestanda i högspänningsutrustningen på grund av en höjd elektrisk stress, med särskilt intresse gällande påverkan på kabelavslut. Därför är fysiska mätningar av elektriska fält eller potentialer i luft av intresse för att förbättra förståelsen av det elektriska fältet kring kabelavslut, samt att verifiera och utveckla simuleringsmodeller för användning vid ultrahög spänningspotentialer. I detta examensarbete har olika mätsystem och sensorer för elektriska fältmätningar utredits och deras fördelar och nackdelar jämförts med ett känt tidigare implementerat rereferensmätsystem med kända styrkor och begränsningar. Två nya konceptuella mätsystem med sensorkoncept med tillhörande positioneringssystem utvecklas och föreslås för en uppsättning givna förhållanden, som t.ex mätning kring kabelavslutningar i luft. Det första föreslagna systemet är baserat på en fältkvarnssensor placerad på variabel elektrisk potential. De andra systemet är baserat på referenssystemets sensordesign modifierad för att ta bort behovet av ett stort positioneringssystem. Genomförbarheten av de två mätsystem undersöks vidare med användning av en COMSOL-modell och en mekanisk prototyp. Simuleringsmodellen används för elektriska fält simuleringar kring ett kabelavslut i en 2D-axelsymmetrisk geometri samt i en 3D-geometri för att verifiera det första mätsystemet. Mekaniska prototypen används för att testa och verifiera möjligheten att implementera andra systemets positioneringssystem. De två föreslagna mätsystemen kan vidareutvecklas och användas som en grund för ett framtida implementerat mätsystem.