O objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer os critérios de autenticidade científica de validade, reprodutibilidade e a sensibilidade do FSKT10s e do FSKTmult para o taekwondo. O objetivo secundário foi construir uma tabela normativa para classificação do desempenho físico gerado no FSKT. O estudo foi conduzido em seis etapas, contendo amostras de praticantes ou atletas de diferentes níveis competitivos. Visando investigar a validade lógica do FSKT, foi apresentado um questionário para 94 sujeitos que tivessem alguma experiência com a modalidade. O objetivo do questionário foi conhecer a opinião a respeito do entendimento sobre as instruções, viabilidade de aplicação e predominância energética. Os participantes julgaram que o teste é \'fácil\' ou \'muito fácil de entender\', \'viável\' ou \'muito viável\' de aplicar e que ambos os testes medem predominantemente a condição anaeróbia. Quanto maior o grau de instrução, maior a frequência de resposta de que o FSKT10s é predominantemente anaeróbio, enquanto para o FSKTmult a maior frequência de resposta no grupo não graduado mede predominantemente a condição aeróbia e o grupo pós-graduado julgou que o teste mede predominantemente a condição anaeróbia. Na etapa seguinte 13 atletas de taekwondo do sexo masculino participaram em duas sessões experimentais para determinar a validade de critério entre a luta e o FSKT. Não foram encontradas associações entre as variáveis da luta e o FSKT. Não foram identificadas diferenças significantes para o lactato pico após FSKTmult e após luta, mas houve diferença estatística entre a luta e o FSKT10s. O objetivo seguinte foi determinar a validade de constructo. Foram avaliados 153 homens agrupados em não competidores (n= 53), competidores de nível regional/estadual (n= 55) e de nível internacional/nacional (n= 45) e 42 mulheres agrupadas em competidoras de nível regional/estadual (n= 21) e de nível internacional/nacional (n= 21). Houve superioridade dos competidores de nível nacional/internacional em comparação aos não competidores. As competidoras de nível regional/estadual diferiram do grupo de nível nacional/internacional. A etapa seguinte foi conduzida com 14 atletas para determinar a reprodutibilidade relativa e absoluta do FSKT em teste e reteste. Para a reprodutibilidade relativa foram observados valores de CCI entre 0,63 e 0,95. O EPM ficou entre 0,60 e 3,99 enquanto o SWC0,6 ficou entre 0,73 e 4,83 para as diferentes séries do FSKT. Na etapa seguinte foi determinada a sensibilidade do FSKT de 8 atletas após nove semanas de treinamento de taekwondo e de força/potência muscular. Foi observada melhora do desempenho gerado em todas as variáveis analisadas, exceto para o índice de decréscimo de chutes (IDC). Por fim, 115 homens e 70 mulheres praticantes/atletas familiarizados com o FSKT executaram cada teste uma vez. Após análise dos dados foi elaborada a tabela com cinco escalas (classificação, percentil: muito bom, >=95; bom, >75; regular, 25-75; ruim, <25; muito ruim, <=5) para as seguintes variáveis FSKT10S, FSKTmult (séries 1-5) e IDC. A conclusão é que o FSKT pode ser uma ferramenta utilizada por técnicos e treinadores visando medir o desempenho físico. Diferentes critérios de autenticidade científica foram apresentados no presente estudo, o que ajudará a tomar decisões mais confiáveis quando de sua aplicação. Também será possível classificar o desempenho dos praticantes/atletas via tabela normativa / The purpose of the present study was stablishing the authenticity criteria scientific of validity, reliability and the sensibility of FSKT10s and the FSKTmult for taekwondo. The secondary purpose was building a normative table to classify physical performance generated by FSKT. The study was conducted in six parts, content sample of practitioners or athletes in different competitive levels. Aiming to investigate the logical validity of FSKT, was presented a questionnaire for 94 subjects that would have any experience with the modality. The purpose was to know the opinion about the understanding of the instructions, feasibility of application and energetic predominance. The participants judged that the test is \"easy\" or \"very easy\", \"viable\" or \"many viable\" of apply and that both tests measure predominantly the anaerobic condition. The higher the level of education, higher is the response frequency of that the FSKT10s is predominantly anaerobic, while for FSKTmult the higher response frequency in the no-graduate group measure predominantly the aerobic condition and the postgraduate group judge that the test measure predominantly the anaerobic condition. In the next step 13 male taekwondo athletes participated in twice experimental sessions to determine a validity criterion between match and the FSKT. No associations were found between match variables and FSKT. No statistically significant difference were identified for the peak blood lactate concentration post FSKT and match, but there was statistical difference between the match and FSKT10s. the next objective was to determine the construct validity. 153 subjects were evaluated grouped in non-competitors (n= 53), regional/state competitors (n= 55) and national/international competitors (n= 45) and 42 women grouped in regional/state level competitors (n= 21) and international/national level (n= 21). There was a statistically significant difference with the superiority of national/international competitors compared to non-competitors. The regional/state level competitors differed from the national/international level group. The next step was conducted with 14 athletes to determine the relative and absolute reliability of FSKT test-retest. Regarding relative reliability, ICC values between 0.63 and 0.95 were observed. The EPM was between 0.60 and 3.99 while the SWC0.6 was between 0.73 and 4.83 for the different FSKT series. The next step was to determine the sensitivity of the FSKT of 8 athletes after nine weeks of taekwondo and strength training. It was observed an improvement in the performance generated in all variables analyzed except for the kicks decrement index (KDI). Finally, 115 mens and 70 womens practitioners/athletes familiar with the FSKT performed each test once. After analyzing the data, the table was elaborated with five scales (classification: \'Excellent\': >=95th percentile, \'Good\': 75th percentile up to 94th percentile, \'Regular\': 25th percentile up to 74th percentile, \'Poor\': 6th percentile up to 24th percentile, \'Very poor\': <=5th percentile) for the following variables FSKT10S, FSKTmult (series 1-5 and total) and IDC. The conclusion is that the FSKT can be a tool used by coaches and technicians to measure physical performance. Different criteria of scientific authenticity were presented in the present study, which will help to make more reliable decisions. It will also be possible to classify the performance of the practitioners/athletes, based on the classifications of the normative table

Testes comportamentais do tipo Campo Aberto figuram dentre os mais básicos e consolidados para estudos de comportamento animal, sendo, portanto, amplamente utilizados em pesquisas de Neurociência e Farmacologia. Através dele se pode avaliar os efeitos da imposição de diferentes condições no comportamento de animais, bem como comparar ou caracterizar perfis típicos de comportamento entre linhagens de uma mesma espécie. Consistindo de soltar animal em uma caixa e observar, dentre outros parâmetros, seu deslocamento e preferência em permanecer nas áreas próximas às paredes ou nas centrais, a extração desses dados pela forma tradicional acabar por ser limitante à obtenção plena de resultados. Isso posto, este trabalho visa oferecer aos pesquisadores um meio para obter os dados de maneira automatizada, sem o desgaste de ficar assistindo o vídeo do teste para anotar o deslocamento. Escrita em Python, utilizando técnicas consolidadas de Visão Computacional e operações de compreensão acessível, esta ferramenta além de ser Open Source pode ser ajustada à extração de outros parâmetros e à aplicação em outras modalidades do teste, além de oferecer a medida do deslocamento de forma mais precisa. / Open Field Test is a basic and consolidated test used in Animal Behavior studies, especially Neuroscience and Pharmacology. Through it, its possible to evaluate the effects in behavior of imposing different conditions, as well to compare or characterize typical behavior profiles between lineages of the same species. Consisting of releasing an animal in a box and observing, among other parameters, its displacement and preference in remaining in the areas near the walls or in the central ones, the extraction of these data in the traditional way ends up being limiting to obtaining full results. That said, this essay aims to offer researchers a way to get the data in an automated way, without need watching the video of the test to note the displacement. Written in Python, using consolidated techniques of Computational Vision and operations of accessible comprehension, this tool besides being Open Source can be adjusted to the extraction of other parameters and application in other modalities of the test, besides offer a more accurate measure of displacement.

Athletes in sports such as the gymnastics who perform the still rings cross position are disadvantaged due to a lack of objective and convenient measurement methods. The gymnastics “cross ”is a held isometric strength position considered fundamental to all still rings athletes. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if two small force platforms (FPs) placed on supports to simulate a cross position could demonstrate the fidelity necessary to differentiate between athletes who could perform a cross from those who could not. Ten gymnasts (5 USA Gymnastics, Senior National Team, and 5 Age Group Level Gymnasts) agreed to participate. The five Senior National Team athletes were grouped as cross Performers; the Age Group Gymnasts could not successfully perform the cross position and were grouped as cross Non- Performers. The two small FPs were first tested for reliability and validity and were then used to obtain a force-time record of a simulated cross position. The simulated cross test consisted of standing between two small force platforms placed on top of large solid gymnastics spotting blocks. The gymnasts attempted to perform a cross position by placing their hands at the center of the FPs and pressing downward with sufficient force that they could remove the support of their feet from the floor. Force-time curves (100 Hz) were obtained and analyzed for the sum of peak and mean arm ground reaction forces. The summed arm forces, mean and peak, were compared to body weight to determine how close the gymnasts came to achieving forces equal to body weight and thus the ability to perform the cross. The mean and peak summed arm forces were able to statistically differentiate between athletes who could perform the cross from those who could not (p < 0.05). The force-time curves and small FPs showed sufficient fidelity to differentiate between Performer and Non- Performer groups. This experiment showed that small and inexpensive force platforms may serve as useful adjuncts to athlete performance measurement such as the gymnastics still rings cross.

<p>Domestication is a process in which animals become adapted to a life among humans by means of selection. A reduced fear of humans is probably one of the first aims of selection, intentionally or unintentionally. Animals that have undergone the process of domestication have a different appearance than animals in the wild (domestic phenotype) and behave in a different way towards humans. In this study I have looked at foraging and explorative behaviours in an unselected parental generation of red junglefowl and their offspring. The parental generation were bred in three lines, a high line, with birds displaying a strong fear of humans, an intermediate line, birds showing a modest fear, and one low line, with birds performing a more tame behaviour towards humans. I presented the birds with three different feeding alternatives, familiar chicken food, meal worms camouflaged with wood shavings and just wood shavings. I counted number of pecks in the different food options, number of changes between sites and how many sites a bird visited. The results show that females of both generations were more explorative than males, by pecking more in cups of meal worms hidden in wood shavings whereas the males pecked more in cups containing chicken food. Females also moved around more in the arena. Results from the first selected generation show significant differences between the selection lines among the females, with females from the high and low groups being the most explorative.</p>

In this thesis information received from a hybrid vehicle battery test equipment wasstructured and analyzed. This test equipment is currently placed on a fleet of Scaniatrucks with the purpose of emulating hybrid vehicle environment on battery cell level.A Microsoft Access database structure was set up in order to make it possible to savetest data in a structured way. In addition, Matlab scripts were made with the purposeof calculating cell aging from pulse- and capacity tests. Furthermore, drive cycleanalysis was performed looking at statistics for selected parameters. Data collectedfrom late October 2010 until beginning of July does not yet show any aging of the fieldtested battery cells regarding capacity loss or resistance increase. The internalresistance of the batteries was calculated to 2 to 4 milli ohm and the capacity wasfrom the tests found to be around 3 ampere hours. The energy efficiency, which wascalculated from pulse test data, shows an efficiency between 95 to 97%.

Domestication is a process in which animals become adapted to a life among humans by means of selection. A reduced fear of humans is probably one of the first aims of selection, intentionally or unintentionally. Animals that have undergone the process of domestication have a different appearance than animals in the wild (domestic phenotype) and behave in a different way towards humans. In this study I have looked at foraging and explorative behaviours in an unselected parental generation of red junglefowl and their offspring. The parental generation were bred in three lines, a high line, with birds displaying a strong fear of humans, an intermediate line, birds showing a modest fear, and one low line, with birds performing a more tame behaviour towards humans. I presented the birds with three different feeding alternatives, familiar chicken food, meal worms camouflaged with wood shavings and just wood shavings. I counted number of pecks in the different food options, number of changes between sites and how many sites a bird visited. The results show that females of both generations were more explorative than males, by pecking more in cups of meal worms hidden in wood shavings whereas the males pecked more in cups containing chicken food. Females also moved around more in the arena. Results from the first selected generation show significant differences between the selection lines among the females, with females from the high and low groups being the most explorative.

<p>The thesis is dealing with mixing processes havingapplication to ground improvement by deep mixing. The mainobjectives of the thesis is to make a contribution to knowledgeof the basic mechanisms in mixing binding agents into soil andimprove the knowledge concerning factors that influence theuniformity of stabilised soil.</p><p>A great part of the work consists of a literature surveywith particular emphasis on literature on the processindustries. This review forms a basis for a profounddescription and discussion of the mixing process and factorsaffecting the process in connection with deep mixingmethods.</p><p>The thesis presents a method for a simple field test for thestudy of influential factors in the mixing process. A number offactors in the installation process of lime-cement columns havebeen studied in two field tests using statistical multifactorexperiment design. The effects of retrieval rate, number ofmixing blades, rotation speed, air pressure in the storagetank, and diameter of the binder outlet on the stabilisationeffect and the coefficient of variation determined byhand-operated penetrometer tests for excavated lime-cementcolumns, were studied.</p><p>The literature review, the description of the mixingprocess, and the results from the field tests provide a morebalanced picture of the mixing process and are expected to beuseful in connection to ground improvement projects and thedevelopment of mixing equipments.</p><p>The concept of sufficient mixture quality, i.e. theinteraction between the mixing process and the mechanicalsystem, is discussed in the last section. By means ofgeostatistical methods, the analysis considers thevolume-variability relationship with reference to strengthproperties. According to the analysis, the design values forstrength properties depends on the mechanical system, the scaleof scrutiny, the spatial correlation structure, and the conceptof safety, i.e. the concept of sufficient mixture quality isproblem specific.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>Deep Mixing, Lime cement columns, Mixingmechanisms, Mixture quality, Field test, ANOVA, Variancereduction.</p>

<p>Den här C-uppsatsens mål är att undersöka om den trådlösa tekniken ZigBee är lämplig att använda i en industriell miljö. Arbetet med uppsatsen har utförts i Trolhättan (Sverige) i företaget Binar Elektronik AB:s lokaler. Bakgrunden till detta samarbete är att Binar vill veta om ZigBee är ett lämpligt val för en av deras framtida produkter.</p><p>Uppsatsen är uppdelad i fyra delar, där den första och inledande delen översiktligt beskriver begreppet ZigBee. Den här delen innehåller även en marknadsundersökning rörande ZigBee-hårdvara. Uppsatsen fortsätter sedan med nästa del där en specialisering mot en specifik ZigBee-hårdvara tar vid. Den ZigBee-modul som valdes kallas Xbee och den blev utvald baserat på resultatet från marknadsundersökningen. Den här delen beskriver även den kod som utvecklats för att på ett effektivt sätt kommunicera med Xbee-modulen.</p><p>Uppsatsens tredje del består av ett antal praktiska tester i olika miljöer, vars mål är att påvisa vilka styrkor och svagheter som ZigBee-tekniken har i respektive miljö. Den här delen innehåller även ett räckviddstest av Xbee-modulen. Den sista och avslutande delen innehåller uppsatsens resultat och slutsatser. Dessa slutsatser visar tydlig att Xbee-modulen, och dess ZigBee-tekniken, har stor potential att uppfylla de krav som ställs på ett trådlöst system i en industriell miljö. Det måste dock noteras att denna slutsats ej bör tas ur sitt sammanhang och att den således endast är giltig för de testmiljöer som den här uppsatsen behandlat.</p> / <p>This Bachelor of Science thesis has the primary objective to investigate whether or not the wireless technology ZigBee is suitable for industry usage. The thesis work has been done in collaboration with Binar Elektronik AB (Trollhättan, Sweden). The background story for this collaboration is that Binar is interested in finding out if ZigBee is suitable for one of their upcoming products.</p><p>The thesis is divided into four main parts, beginning with a researching part concerning ZigBee as a concept and a market research on ZigBee hardware. The thesis continuous with a specialization towards one ZigBee hardware, the ZigBee module from MaxStream called Xbee. The Xbee module was chosen based on the result from the market research. This part also describes the code that has been developed for the Xbee module, which main purpose is to simplify communication with the module.</p><p>The next part of the thesis contains a number of different field tests that show how ZigBee communication is affected in different environments. This part also includes a range test with the Xbee module. The last part of the thesis contains the final results and conclusions, which clearly show that the ZigBee technology, and Xbee in particular, has a potential to satisfy the requirements for a wireless system in an industrial environment. This conclusion concerning the industrial usability of ZigBee should however be seen in the light of this particular thesis work, making this conclusion viable only for the field test environments.</p> / See hompage http://www.wettergren.se/zigbee/.

Stress affects a number of animals and is a survival mechanism. During stress, changes in the animal’s physiological mechanisms and changes in behavioural reactions will happen. This study evaluates four different stressors that can occur in a chicken’s life. The four stressors are fixation, social isolation, predation and transport. 40 White Leghorn chicken from age sex to seven weeks were used in the study. An open-field test was used to evaluate the stressors. The open-field test registered time for ambulation, time for first change of zones, number of zones used and number of registrations in central zones. The chicken was expected to ambulate in the open-field arena since chickens are curious but the activity was expected to be different depending on which stressor the chicken was exposed to. Previous studies have shown that more stressed birds are less active in an open-field test than birds that are not stressed. A control group was included in the study and this group was not exposed to a stressor. The results did not show any significant dereferences between time for the first change of zones, number of zones used and number of registrations in central zones. However, there was a tendency for a significant difference in time to first ambulation. The results suggested that the control group and the group that was exposed to social isolation displayed most stress-related behaviour. Least stressed was the predation group and the transport group.

The thesis is dealing with mixing processes havingapplication to ground improvement by deep mixing. The mainobjectives of the thesis is to make a contribution to knowledgeof the basic mechanisms in mixing binding agents into soil andimprove the knowledge concerning factors that influence theuniformity of stabilised soil. A great part of the work consists of a literature surveywith particular emphasis on literature on the processindustries. This review forms a basis for a profounddescription and discussion of the mixing process and factorsaffecting the process in connection with deep mixingmethods. The thesis presents a method for a simple field test for thestudy of influential factors in the mixing process. A number offactors in the installation process of lime-cement columns havebeen studied in two field tests using statistical multifactorexperiment design. The effects of retrieval rate, number ofmixing blades, rotation speed, air pressure in the storagetank, and diameter of the binder outlet on the stabilisationeffect and the coefficient of variation determined byhand-operated penetrometer tests for excavated lime-cementcolumns, were studied. The literature review, the description of the mixingprocess, and the results from the field tests provide a morebalanced picture of the mixing process and are expected to beuseful in connection to ground improvement projects and thedevelopment of mixing equipments. The concept of sufficient mixture quality, i.e. theinteraction between the mixing process and the mechanicalsystem, is discussed in the last section. By means ofgeostatistical methods, the analysis considers thevolume-variability relationship with reference to strengthproperties. According to the analysis, the design values forstrength properties depends on the mechanical system, the scaleof scrutiny, the spatial correlation structure, and the conceptof safety, i.e. the concept of sufficient mixture quality isproblem specific. Key words:Deep Mixing, Lime cement columns, Mixingmechanisms, Mixture quality, Field test, ANOVA, Variancereduction.