CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo investigar, mediante uma perspectiva epistemolÃgica, a noÃÃo de organismo no fieri teÃrico de Carl Rogers. Por fieri entende-se o devir ou o fato que faz uma ciÃncia nÃo ficar estagnada em suas concepÃÃes. Para realizar esta investigaÃÃo foram: identificadas as fases do fieri teÃrico de Rogers; pesquisado o fato de como Rogers concebeu a noÃÃo de organismo; examinados os principiais teÃricos e influÃncias que Rogers reconheceu a este respeito; verificadas as linhas epistemolÃgicas gerais da noÃÃo de organismo em Rogers. Neste trabalho adotou-se uma abordagem epistemolÃgica de pesquisa, inspirada no uso que Jean Piaget fez do mÃtodo histÃrico que, segundo ele, consiste em determinar como procedeu à invenÃÃo de um conceito ou teoria, reconhecendo as ideias que a tornaram possÃvel. O mÃtodo utiliza-se de um sistema dedutivo do que foi levado a imaginar a criaÃÃo da ideia de organismo em Rogers. Foram utilizados como fontes de pesquisa os textos escritos de Rogers e de suas influÃncias. A seleÃÃo destes seguiu o critÃrio de conter aspectos relativos à concepÃÃo organÃsmica de Rogers. Como resultado, ficou evidente que Rogers foi um pensador ligado Ãs questÃes de sua Ãpoca. Ele assimilou e elaborou, com suporte em sua experiÃncia com essas influÃncias, uma concepÃÃo organÃsmica que integrou as dimensÃes da personalidade (eu), sociedade (inter-elaÃÃes) e natureza (cosmos). Em cada fase do seu pensamento, Rogers indicou as seguintes influÃncias para essa concepÃÃo: (1) no aconselhamento nÃo-diretivo o funcionalismo-pragmatismo dos Estados Unidos e a psicanÃlise neofreudidana de Rank, Horney e Sullivan; (2) na terapia centrada no cliente repetem-se as influÃncias anteriores acrescidas do cientificismo estadunidense e sua Psicologia aplicada, a Psicologia da Gestalt, Kurt Lewin, a filosofia educacional, social e polÃtica estadunidense e os teÃricos da personalidade; (3) na transiÃÃo entre terapia centrada no cliente e abordagem centrada na pessoa - o impacto do conceito de experienciaÃÃo de Gendlin, as experiÃncias com grupos, a atuaÃÃo no campo da educaÃÃo, as reflexÃes de perspectivas alternativas Ãs ciÃncias do comportamento e os estudos sobre organismo e auto-realizaÃÃo de Goldstein, Maslow, Angyal e alusÃes a Whyte; (4) na abordagem centrada na pessoa â se acresce aos estudos de organismo e auto-realizaÃÃo, as pesquisas de Szent-Gyoergy, e a emergÃncia do paradigma sistÃmico e holÃstico de Capra, Prigogine e Maruyama. Considera-se que à possÃvel traÃar uma nova inelegibilidade de Rogers com base em noÃÃo de organismo. Por esta à possÃvel pensar no avanÃo de uma abordagem cosmolÃgica da pessoa que nÃo se restringe somente à personalidade. Percebe-se que Rogers deu pistas de como desenvolver um solo cientÃfico para a abordagem centrada na pessoa, com arrisco paradigma emergente de ciÃncia contemporÃnea. / This master thesis proposes an epistemological inquiry within the concept of Organism as developed along the theoretical fieri of Carl Rogers. This fieri is hereby taken as representative of what to be made or to become in a science not arrested by its own previous conceptions. As to advance this research: it has been identified the phases among the theoretical fieri of Carl Rogers; the understanding of Rogers concerning the Organism as presented in each of his intellectual phases; considered the main theorists and academic influences Rogers recognized upon his own work; made explicit the broader epistemological frameworks which informed Rogers understanding of Organism. This thesis has been inspired by the historical-method developed by Jean Piaget as an epistemological approach for scientific research which focus on recognizing the ideas that have supported the development of a concept or a theory. This methodology was based in a deductive formulation as for what may have grounded the notion of Organism as formulated in the original texts as well as from those who were theoretically influential on Rogers system. Coming from a selection of those pieces of work explicitly referring to the concept of Organism, we may infer Rogers was profoundly part of this cultural moment. Not only restricted to assimilating and elaborating these diffused influences at his experience, his Organismic conceptualization turned possible the integration of different dimensions as such Personality (I/Me), Society (interrelations) and Nature (Cosmos). At each stage of his thought, Rogers indicated the following influences on the construction of that conception: (1) in non-directive couseiling â the functionalism-pragmatism north american and new psychoanalysis of Rank, Horney and Sullivan; (2) in client-centered therapy â repeat the previous influences and increases scientism and its north american applied Psychology, Gestalt Psychology and Kurt Lewin, educacional, social and politic philosophies, and theorists of personality; (3) in transition from client-centered therapy and person-centered approach, the impact of the experiencing concept of Gendlin, experience with groups, the performance in education, reflections of alternative perspectives and behavioral sciences and studies on organism and self-actualization Goldstein, Maslow, Angyal and allusions to Whyte; (4) in person-centered approach, it adds to studies of organism and self-actualization, the research of Szent-Gyoergy and the emergency of Capra, Prigogine and Maruyama systemic paradigm and holistic. This present thesis led us to reveal a new intelligibility traced with Rogers notion of Organism where emergency a cosmological approach for the person which does not restrain itself to the Personality. We understood Rogers was tracking his person-centered academic ground largely dependent on the new findings of the emergent contemporary science.

CASTELO BRANCO , Paulo Coelho. A noção de organismo no fieri teórico de Carl Rogers: uma investigação epistemológica. 2010. 160 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2012-04-10T18:22:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_PCCBranco.PDF: 1879787 bytes, checksum: ce2d5601a592cf4bb749f22f06f8ca83 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-04-17T11:12:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_PCCBranco.PDF: 1879787 bytes, checksum: ce2d5601a592cf4bb749f22f06f8ca83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-17T11:12:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_PCCBranco.PDF: 1879787 bytes, checksum: ce2d5601a592cf4bb749f22f06f8ca83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / This master thesis proposes an epistemological inquiry within the concept of Organism as developed along the theoretical fieri of Carl Rogers. This fieri is hereby taken as representative of what to be made or to become in a science not arrested by its own previous conceptions. As to advance this research: it has been identified the phases among the theoretical fieri of Carl Rogers; the understanding of Rogers concerning the Organism as presented in each of his intellectual phases; considered the main theorists and academic influences Rogers recognized upon his own work; made explicit the broader epistemological frameworks which informed Rogers´ understanding of Organism. This thesis has been inspired by the historical-method developed by Jean Piaget as an epistemological approach for scientific research which focus on recognizing the ideas that have supported the development of a concept or a theory. This methodology was based in a deductive formulation as for what may have grounded the notion of Organism as formulated in the original texts as well as from those who were theoretically influential on Rogers´ system. Coming from a selection of those pieces of work explicitly referring to the concept of Organism, we may infer Rogers was profoundly part of this cultural moment. Not only restricted to assimilating and elaborating these diffused influences at his experience, his Organismic conceptualization turned possible the integration of different dimensions as such Personality (I/Me), Society (interrelations) and Nature (Cosmos). At each stage of his thought, Rogers indicated the following influences on the construction of that conception: (1) in non-directive couseiling – the functionalism-pragmatism north american and new psychoanalysis of Rank, Horney and Sullivan; (2) in client-centered therapy – repeat the previous influences and increases scientism and its north american applied Psychology, Gestalt Psychology and Kurt Lewin, educacional, social and politic philosophies, and theorists of personality; (3) in transition from client-centered therapy and person-centered approach, the impact of the experiencing concept of Gendlin, experience with groups, the performance in education, reflections of alternative perspectives and behavioral sciences and studies on organism and self-actualization Goldstein, Maslow, Angyal and allusions to Whyte; (4) in person-centered approach, it adds to studies of organism and self-actualization, the research of Szent-Gyoergy and the emergency of Capra, Prigogine and Maruyama systemic paradigm and holistic. This present thesis led us to reveal a new intelligibility traced with Rogers´ notion of Organism where emergency a cosmological approach for the person which does not restrain itself to the Personality. We understood Rogers was tracking his person-centered academic ground largely dependent on the new findings of the emergent contemporary science. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar, mediante uma perspectiva epistemológica, a noção de organismo no fieri teórico de Carl Rogers. Por fieri entende-se o devir ou o fato que faz uma ciência não ficar estagnada em suas concepções. Para realizar esta investigação foram: identificadas as fases do fieri teórico de Rogers; pesquisado o fato de como Rogers concebeu a noção de organismo; examinados os principiais teóricos e influências que Rogers reconheceu a este respeito; verificadas as linhas epistemológicas gerais da noção de organismo em Rogers. Neste trabalho adotou-se uma abordagem epistemológica de pesquisa, inspirada no uso que Jean Piaget fez do método histórico que, segundo ele, consiste em determinar como procedeu à invenção de um conceito ou teoria, reconhecendo as ideias que a tornaram possível. O método utiliza-se de um sistema dedutivo do que foi levado a imaginar a criação da ideia de organismo em Rogers. Foram utilizados como fontes de pesquisa os textos escritos de Rogers e de suas influências. A seleção destes seguiu o critério de conter aspectos relativos à concepção organísmica de Rogers. Como resultado, ficou evidente que Rogers foi um pensador ligado às questões de sua época. Ele assimilou e elaborou, com suporte em sua experiência com essas influências, uma concepção organísmica que integrou as dimensões da personalidade (eu), sociedade (inter-elações) e natureza (cosmos). Em cada fase do seu pensamento, Rogers indicou as seguintes influências para essa concepção: (1) no aconselhamento não-diretivo o funcionalismo-pragmatismo dos Estados Unidos e a psicanálise neofreudidana de Rank, Horney e Sullivan; (2) na terapia centrada no cliente repetem-se as influências anteriores acrescidas do cientificismo estadunidense e sua Psicologia aplicada, a Psicologia da Gestalt, Kurt Lewin, a filosofia educacional, social e política estadunidense e os teóricos da personalidade; (3) na transição entre terapia centrada no cliente e abordagem centrada na pessoa - o impacto do conceito de experienciação de Gendlin, as experiências com grupos, a atuação no campo da educação, as reflexões de perspectivas alternativas às ciências do comportamento e os estudos sobre organismo e auto-realização de Goldstein, Maslow, Angyal e alusões a Whyte; (4) na abordagem centrada na pessoa – se acresce aos estudos de organismo e auto-realização, as pesquisas de Szent-Gyoergy, e a emergência do paradigma sistêmico e holístico de Capra, Prigogine e Maruyama. Considera-se que é possível traçar uma nova inelegibilidade de Rogers com base em noção de organismo. Por esta é possível pensar no avanço de uma abordagem cosmológica da pessoa que não se restringe somente à personalidade. Percebe-se que Rogers deu pistas de como desenvolver um solo científico para a abordagem centrada na pessoa, com arrisco paradigma emergente de ciência contemporânea.

Ce travail vise à déterminer s’il existe ou non une norme du subjonctif en français préclassique, et dans l’affirmative de la décrire et de la saisir. D’un point de vue morphologique, on constate que le français préclassique simplifie les paradigmes du subjonctif par un effet d’analogie, alors que l’ancien français avait tendance à les différencier nettement de l’indicatif. Nous noterons de plus l’importance du yod « désactualisant » qui se généralise aux première et seconde personnes du pluriel, devenant le marqueur privilégié de l’indétermination. La syntaxe du subjonctif de cette période se caractérise par une exceptionnelle liberté, la seule règle suivie par le locuteur étant d’utiliser le subjonctif lorsque l’énoncé appartient au « monde des possibles » et l’indicatif lorsqu’il entre dans le « monde du probable » (terminologie empruntée à Robert Martin). Aussi, tout au long de la période préclassique le système modal ne connaît aucune servitude grammaticale, n’obéissant à aucune règle mécanique mais seulement à des tendances et à une concordance d’ordre cinétique et modal. Malgré cette autonomie, le subjonctif est souvent écarté au bénéfice de l’indicatif, auquel nous incluons la forme en –rais, quand le discours ne traduit aucun effet stylistique ou rhétorique, car l’indicatif indique précisément le temps sur la chronogénèse. En revanche l’image temporelle du subjonctif est incomplète et insécable, « amorphe » et « in fieri » (terminologie de Gustave Guillaume). Pourtant, malgré cette inhérente imprécision temporelle, le subjonctif demeure irremplaçable en français préclassique pour son extraordinaire poésie. / The purpose of this work is to determinate whether or not a method of subjunctive mode existed in Preclassic French, and in the affirmative, to describe and to explain it. From a morphological point of view, we notice Preclassic French was the age of simplification and analogy, while medieval system was marked, on the contrary, by a tendency to differentiate the subjunctive’s forms in a characteristic way. Besides, the presence of the yod at first and second plural persons becomes widespread, expressing in a better way the indetermination and “desactualisation” compared to the medieval system devoid of the yod. Regarding the syntax of the subjunctive mode during this period, it is characterized by an incredible freedom: the only rule actually followed by the speaker consisted, in case of doubt, in using the subjunctive tense, the “world of the possible”, in opposition to the “world of the likely” which is specific to the indicative mode, both concepts belonging to Robert Martin’s terminology. All along the aforesaid historical period, it is particularly interesting to see to what extent the modal system remains free from restrictive grammatical regulations. Indeed, the subjunctive mode doesn’t obey mechanical rules, except some tendencies. It only obeys kinetic and modal concordances. Despite its autonomy, subjunctive mode was nevertheless frequently ruled out to the benefit of indicative mode, including the “forme en –rais”, especially when authors showed no interest in stylistic or rhetorical effects. In a matter of fact, while indicative mode gives a precise indication of the time, mental representation of the verb within the subjunctive has the distinctive characteristic to be incomplete and indivisible as well, qualified as “amorphe” and “in fieri” according to Guillaume’s terminology. However, despite its inherent temporal imprecision, writers of that time widely used the subjunctive mode, judged exceptionally poetic and therefore irreplaceable.