Codons are simple primitives for describing plane curves. They thus are primarily image-based descriptors. Yet they have the power to capture important information about the 3-D world, such as making part boundaries explicit. The codon description is highly redundant (useful for error-correction). This redundancy can be viewed as a constraint on the number of possible codon strings. For smooth closed strings that represent the bounding contour (silhouette) of many smooth 3D objects, the constraints are so strong that sequences containing 6 elements yield only 33 generic shapes as compared with a possible number of 15, 625 combinations.

AbstractTitle: “Heat without passion and caution without fear”: celebrity journalism and press ethics in Aftonbladet – a text analysisNumber of pages: 48Author: Moa ThorssellTutor: Martin FredrikssonCourse: Media and Communication Studies CPeriod: Fall 2009University: Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala UniversityPurppose/Aim: Analyzing how the Swedish tabloid Aftonbladet writes about celebrities on a daily basis; the quality of the journalism and how they follow the press etics.Material/Method: Qualitative textual analysis of seven newsarticles about celebrities published in Aftonbladet, November 9th to November 15th 2009.Main results: Of the seven analyzed articles six could be considered as less good journalism. In the other cases, considering the journalistic ideal to have several sources, were rarely the case. Most of the articles were poorly based on facts and quotations. Sometimes the reporter had not even spoken to the person in question. The lack of information in the articles was compensated with dramatic titles and preambles. Even in the rest of the text the journalists used dramatical words to make the story bigger than it was.The articles also revealed the personal life. Around fifty percent of the articles were based on people who were difficult to define as public or private figures. Though they had participated in a reality show on tv, Aftonbladet decided to define them as celebrities. With defining them as celebrities the paper had less restrictions press ethically for what it could write. However, in reality the articles involved people who were not used to the media’s attention, but who most likely would do a lot to stay in the spotlight. Something that the media, with not following the press ethics, could easily take advantage of. But also with the person who were more easily defined as celebrities, the articles went far into the personal life.My analysis states that when it comes to news about celebrities the press ethics is less important, even though it concerns the private life of others. One also felt like it was less requirements for journalistic quality in these cases. Moreover all the articles could be classified as articles with a high news value. In conclusion a high news value did not automatically mean high quality journalism. Rather the high news value had to do with that it was articles about celebrities opening up their private life.Keywords: Celebrity journalism, public/private figure, press ethics, tabloid.

Cette thèse traite de la forme visuelle. Nous y étudions plus spécifiquement la configuration des figures bidimensionnelles, c’est-à-dire les caractéristiques de disposition des éléments concourant à fixer son aspect. Nos observations ont pour but d’isoler dans la forme perçue les diverses contraintes spatiales susceptibles d’en affecter les organisations dans le plan. De ces contraintes d’extension émergeraient des figures de base, peu nombreuses, agissant comme des repères dans une grille de reconnaissance des formes. Selon notre hypothèse, la catégorisation perceptive à l’aide de types morphologiques et d’indices structuraux expliquerait—au moins en partie—les processus d’appréhension des formes. Nous comptons identifier les classes dominantes de ce répertoire par l’étude et la systématisation des comportements spatiaux. La thèse s’adresse à tout individu qu’intéressent les fondements de la communication par l’image. Comme notre projet porte sur les attributs physiques et esthétiques de la forme beaucoup plus que sur sa fonction iconographique, le lecteur doit s’attendre à une démarche centrée sur les procédés d’expression plastique. Les formes seront analysées comme des sources d’information objectives.

Autour du shaman ou du montreur de marionnettes des liens se tissent pour faire face au désordre grâce à une parole en mouvement. A une représentation humaine ou animale, à un objet animé rituel ils insuflent une vie crédible car simulée et porteuse de l'énergie paradoxale des morts-vivants. La Chine porte la marque profonde de la culture des shamans : on amène un esprit dans la figure pour "jouer les dieux". Voyage initiatique en Thaïlande, Malaisie, Indonésie où l'on confortera cette idée. Mythes et rites se réduisent à des règles formelles... ou retrouvent vie et prise sur l'actualité. Le personnage de bois ou de terre apparaît, dans les mythes africains, comme un secret rapporté du monde des morts ou des esprits. Chez les Papous, en Afrique, en Europe, l'épouvantail, le mannequin, l'effigie permettent de contourner, symboliquement, la reproduction sexuée. Au Moyen Age, en Europe, le marmouset (marionnette, idole, fantôme, épouvantail) et son théâtre, se cachent derrière une chantefable, dans les fabliaux, aux origines de la farce et du castelet. Entre le shamanisme des origines grec et celui des Barbares se resitue l'apport de Platon dans sa définition de l'âme. Comment se définit le "je" chez les Papous, chez le poète Fernando Pessoa, dans le mythe moderne de Pinocchio, chez le marionnettiste qui vit "plusieurs vies" ? L'art dramatique du XIXe siècle se meurt, épuisé par l'ego des comédiens ou écrasés par le réalisme naïf des marionnettes et la Grande Guerre amène à découvrir la prothèse, la vie simulée, l'acteur mécanique, l'effigie. Entre l'absence de conscience du mannequin et la conscience infinie du dieu, dirait Kleist, on agit dans les règles du jeu

This dissertation explores high-speed silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor (BiCMOS) circuits for next-generation ground- and space-based millimeter-wave (MMW >= 30 GHz) communication front-ends and X-band (8 to 12 GHz) radar (radio detection and ranging) modules. The requirements of next-generation transceivers, for both radar and communication applications, are low power, small size, light weight, low cost, high performance, and high reliability. For this purpose, the high-speed circuits that satisfy the demanding specifications of next-generation transceivers are implemented in SiGe HBT BiCMOS technology, and the device-circuit interactions of SiGe HBTs to transceiver building blocks for performance optimization and radiation tolerance are investigated. For X-band radar module components, the dissertation covers: (1) The design of an ultra-low-noise X-band SiGe HBT low-noise-amplifier (LNA). (2) The design of low-loss shunt and series/shunt X-band Si CMOS single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches. (3) The design of a low-power X-band SiGe HBT LNA for near-space radar applications. For MMW communication front-end circuits, the dissertation covers: (4) The design of an inductorless SiGe HBT ring oscillator for MMW operation. (5) The study of emitter scaling and device biasing on MMW SiGe HBT voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) performance. (6) The study of proton radiation on MMW SiGe HBT transceiver building blocks.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences among the human figure drawings (HFDs) of individuals diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Tourette Syndrome (TS), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Normal Controls. Males and females (N=161), ranging in age from 7.0 to 58.9 years, diagnosed with OCD, TS, ADHD, and individuals with no diagnosis were administered the Draw-A-Person (DAP; Machover, 1949), a human figure drawing task. Analyses were conducted to evaluate relationships between several variables: sex of participant, age, detail, emotional indicators, symptom severity, and sex of figure drawn. Results provided support for the hypothesis that males would draw a same sex figure more often than females, and that males would include more anxiety indicators than females. Results also provided support for the hypothesis that younger participants would include more unusual characteristics in HFDs, although the variance explained was minimal. The hypothesis that symptom severity would influence HFD characteristics was not supported, nor was the hypothesis that sex of participant would influence inclusion of detail. Several of the regression analyses of the smaller clinical groups were statistically significant, yet these results should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of cases used for the analysis.

Thesis--Göttingen. / Includes selected texts from Tripiṭaka in Pali (romanized) and German. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-240) and index.

I detta examensarbete kan du läsa om hur fadersgestalten integreras i barns verklighet samt i dess lekvärld med bilderböcker. Syftet med studien är att belysa hur fadersgestalten framställs i äldre och nya bilderböcker, och om den har ändrats med tiden. Jag har granskat sex böcker ifrån 1959 fram tills idag, varav två stycken har analyserats på djupet. Frågeställningen till arbetet lyder: Hur framställs fadersgestalten i de olika böckerna? Är han närvarande eller frånvarande i barnets verklighet? Studien använder sig av en multimodal utgångspunkt samt stödjer sig på föregående forskning och litteratur för att nå resultatet. Resultatet av att granska fadergestaltningen i dessa olika böcker är blanda annat att tidningen är en central symbol.  Pappan visas vid flera tillfällen i bilderböckerna sittande med tidningen framför ansiktet. Detta är något som man kan forska vidare på, få svar på hur det kommer sig att så många författare samt illustratörer väljer att gestalta fadern på detta sätt. / In this thesis, you can read about how the father figure is integrated into children’s reality and play world by the way of picture books. The purpose of the study is to illustrate how the father figure is portrayed in old and new picture books, and if it has changed over time. I have examined 6 books from 1959 until the present day on a general level, whereof two pieces have been analysed more in depth. The main questions of this thesis are: How is the father figure portrayed in the different books? Is he present or absent in the child's reality? The study uses a multimodal basis and draws on previous research and literature to reach the result. The results of examining the father figure in these different books were that the newspaper is a central symbol. The father appears on several occasions in the picture books sitting with the newspaper in front of his face. This is something that you can research further on. Get answers on how is it that so many writers and illustrators choose to portray the father in this way.

Figure assignment entails competition between object properties on opposite sides of borders. The figure is perceived on the side of the border that wins the competition. Ample evidence indicates that configural familiarity is among the competing object properties. We investigated whether priming the semantics of a familiar object suggested along one side of a border can increase its likelihood of winning the competition. To prime the semantics, we presented brief masked exposures of object names before brief masked exposures of displays where a portion of a familiar object was suggested on one side of a central border separating two equal-area, black-and-white regions. Participants reported whether the figure lay on the left or right side of the central border and were unaware of the presence of the word prime. These experimental primes named either the Same Object (SO) or a Different Object (DO) as the familiar object suggested in the display. In the DO condition, the word named an object either in the Same Category (DO-SC) or a Different Category (DO-DC) as the familiar object suggested in the display, where superordinate category was defined as natural versus artificial objects. We also used non-words as control primes. We hypothesized that, if semantic activation influences figure assignment, participants in the SO and DO-SC conditions should be more likely than participants in the DO-DC condition to perceive the figure on the side where the familiar object lies following experimental primes than control primes. We did not observe differences between experimental and control prime in any condition. However, we did obtain a Prime Context Effect, in that participants were more likely to perceive the figure on the familiar side of the border in the SO and DO-SC conditions than in the DO-DC condition. The Prime Context Effect shows that participants discerned the relationship between the masked word prime and the semantics of the familiar object suggested in the display, and this led them to change their strategy on both experimental and control trials. We also found that behavior changed over the course of the experiment: Participants in the DO-DC condition perceived the figure on the familiar side of the border more often in the second half of the experiment, on both experimental and control trials. This pattern suggests that over the course of the experiment, they learned to rely more on information from the display than from the prime, perhaps by restricting their attention to the time when the figure-ground display appeared. Participants in the DO-SC condition perceived the figure on the familiar side of the border more often on experimental trials in the second half of the experiment, whereas their performance on control trials did not differ in the first and second half. We hypothesize that participants in the DO-SC condition learned to match the superordinate semantics of the experimental prime and the display, leading to semantic priming. Taken together, these results show that (1) participants can quickly learn the relationship between experimental primes and target displays and can change their strategy accordingly, and (2) semantic activation can affect figure assignment.