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Text in English / Ancient Egyptian distinctive headdresses made from precious or semi-precious materials date to prehistoric times, indicating a growing sense of individuality and hierarchy. Women’s headdresses were indicators of rulership, divinity, social status, cultic affiliation and wealth. Visual evidence indicates that female identity was emphasised by external and outward appearance and headdresses in the form of diadems followed recognised stylistic dictates throughout the Dynastic Period. The floral and faunal motifs used in the embellishment were believed to have protective amuletic and magical powers. Although a considerable amount of investigation has been undertaken into the use of materials and techniques used in the manufacture of diadems, the incorporation of symbolism and iconography of these gendered artefacts as a means of interpreting visual messages and self-expression has largely been unexplored. The study has been limited to well-provenanced, extant Old, Middle and New Kingdom diadems housed in various museums worldwide. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M.A. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-27T13:04:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Alda Let?cia da Silva Santos Resende.pdf: 1570108 bytes, checksum: 847c87000cc34b478e835aa1e6f258ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T13:04:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Alda Let?cia da Silva Santos Resende.pdf: 1570108 bytes, checksum: 847c87000cc34b478e835aa1e6f258ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-08 / Once fish product offering by means of extractivism became stable, aquaculture emerges as a viable alternative to the increasing demand for quality protein. Brazilian low consumption of fish meat can be explained not only by cultural factors, but also by low offer of processed products as well as lack of practicity in meal preparation. In industry, after tilapia filleting, mechanically separated meat (MSM) is obtained which can be used for manufacturing of products with higher aggregated value. This work aimed at studying the technical feasibility, nutritional and sensorial qualities of tilapia fillet both in preserves and p?t? based on MSM, where protein and fatty acid profile alterations are observed. Simultaneously, a study on p?t? life span was carried out for a 180-days' period. Time x temperature binomial used (115?C x 20 minutes, and 115?C x 15 minutes, for the tilapia fillet and p?t?, respectively), were sufficent for assuring the commercial sterility of products. In relation to the preserved fillet, the most acceptable formula was of brine at 3%, and addition of fish seasoning to the covering oil, resulting in acceptance of 49%; 82%; 88%, and 65% for the attibutes: ?appearance?, ?taste?, ?texture? and for the purchasing intention, respectively. Both fatty acids EPA (Eicosapentaenoic) and DHA (docosaenoic) values were of 0.04% and 0.86%, respectively, while the sum of fatty acids series ?3 was equal to 0.34 g/100 g. Content of cholesterol was of 40.63 mg/100 g, considered low when compared to other products, such as eggs and meat. Physicalchemical composition of the product was: moisture: 76.21%; protein: 16.18%; ashes: 1.45%; ethereal extract: 3.71%. In relation to the p?t?, the storing period studied did not alter either the protein or the fatty acids profile, nor was the physical-chemical composition significantly alterated (moisture: 61.05%; protein: 9.44%; ashes: 2.41%; ethereal extract: 19.45%). By means of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) a significant variation (P<0.05) was observed only on the averages attributed to ?spreadability? and ?creamy quality? throughout the study. Although ethereal extract in p?t? was high, cholesterol content was low (38.68 mg/100 g) taking into account that canoil oil was used in its formula, which not compromised quality of fatty acids profiled. DHA and linoleic acid values of p?t? were 0.35 and 5.60, respectively, and the sum of series ?3 fatty acids was of 1.58 g/100 g. After 180-day storing, acceptance frequency by consummers was of 95% for the ?global impression?; 91% for ?taste?; 89% for ?spreadability?, and 80% for ?appearance?. This study proves the technical, nutritional and market potential for products based on Tilapia meat. / Com a estabiliza??o da oferta de produtos de pesca pelo extrativismo, a aquicultura se mostra como alternativa vi?vel ao atendimento da demanda crescente por prote?na de qualidade. O baixo consumo brasileiro da carne de pescado pode ser explicado por fatores culturais, mas tamb?m pela baixa oferta de produtos processados e pela falta de praticidade no preparo da refei??o. Na ind?stria, ap?s o processo de filetagem da Til?pia, obt?m-se com aux?lio de m?quina despolpadeira, a carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) que pode ser utilizada na fabrica??o de produtos com maior valor agregado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a viabilidade t?cnica, qualidade nutricional e sensorial do fil? de Til?pia em conserva e do pat? ? base da CMS, observando as altera??es no perfil prot?ico e de ?cidos graxos. Foi realizado tamb?m estudo de vida ?til do pat? por per?odo de 180 dias. Os bin?mios tempo x temperatura utilizados (115?C x 20 minutos e 115?C x 15 minutos, para fil? e pat? de Til?pia, respectivamente), foram suficientes para garantir a esterilidade comercial dos produtos. Em rela??o ao fil? em conserva, a formula??o que obteve maior aceita??o foi a de salmoura a 3% e com tempero para peixe no ?leo de cobertura na qual a frequ?ncia de aceita??o do mesmo foi de 49%; 82%; 88% e 65% para os atributos ?apar?ncia?, ?sabor?, ?textura? e para a inten??o de compra, respectivamente. Os valores de ?cidos graxos EPA (eicosapentan?ico) e DHA (docosaexan?ico) foram de 0,04% e 0,86%, respectivamente e o somat?rio de ?cidos graxos da s?rie ?3 igual a 0,34 g/100 g. O teor de colesterol do produto foi de 40,63 mg/100 g sendo considerado baixo quando comparado ? outros alimentos como ovos e carnes. A composi??o f?sico-qu?mica do produto foi: umidade: 76,21%; prote?na: 16,18%; cinzas: 1,45%; extrato et?reo: 3,71%. Em rela??o ao pat?, o per?odo de armazenamento estudado n?o alterou o perfil prot?ico nem o de ?cidos graxos do produto, al?m de n?o ter alterado de forma significativa a sua composi??o f?sico-qu?mica (umidade: 61,05%; prote?na: 9,44%; cinzas: 2,41%; extrato et?reo: 19,45%). Atrav?s da An?lise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) foi observada varia??o significativa (p<0,05) somente das m?dias dos atributos ?espalhabilidade? e ?cremosidade? ao longo do estudo. Apesar do teor de extrato et?reo do pat? ser elevado, o teor de colesterol foi reduzido (38,68 mg/100 g) visto que foi usado ?leo de canola na sua formula??o, o que tamb?m n?o comprometeu a qualidade do perfil de ?cidos graxos do mesmo. Os valores de DHA e ?cido linol?nico do pat? foram 0,35 e 5,60%, respectivamente e o somat?rio dos ?cidos graxos da s?rie ?3 foi de 1,58 g/100 g. Ap?s 180 dias de armazenamento, a frequ?ncia de aceita??o do pat? entre os consumidores foi de 95% para a ?impress?o global?; de 91% para o atributo ?sabor?; de 89% para a ?espalhabilidade? e de 80% para a ?apar?ncia?. Este estudo comprova o potencial t?cnico, nutricional e de mercado para os produtos ? base de carne de Til?pia.

The main aim of this master´s thesis is designing parking garage including access ramps situated in Ústí nad Labem. Dimensions of parking garage is 58,6x31,1 m. As a support system of construction are used steel-concrete composite elements. The calcuation was done by manual calcuation.

The use of recommended S-N curves, presented in current literature, to analyse and determine the fatigue life of a part is common practice in, inter alia, the construction industry.However, the recommended S-N curves are generally created for larger components used in mainly the construction industry. Hence, the use of S-N curves for the evaluation of smaller parts, may result in over-dimensioning of such parts. For this reason, evaluation and designing of smaller parts could benefit from the development of an in house S-N curve specific for the part. The purpose of this thesis is to generate and validate an in-house method for creating a S-N curve, for a specific part to be compared with recommended S-N curves in the literature. The specific part used for the generating of the method is a welded steel joint with the geometry of two steel pipes, welded together in a t-formation and which has been provided by Thule AB for the purpose of the thesis. The method presented uses the results from 1) physical fatigue tests using a fatigue testing machine and 2) static FEA to derive a S-N curve for the specific part using the least squares method. A fatigue testing rig enables the gathering of data of the number of cycles to failure when the part is subject to a given cyclic load. The rig uses pneumatics to control the forces applied onto the part with the use of a cylinder. Furthermore, the fatigue testing rig was designed to be controlled by the applied force, meaning, that the rig ensured a homogeneous load cycle by measuring the force from a load cell and alternating the direction of the cylinder with an electrically controlled pressure valve. The performance of static FEA evaluations aim at locating stresses in the part. For this thesis the stresses were evaluated using the hot spot method due to the part's welded geometry. The data gathered from the physical fatigue tests and the static FEA evaluations are subsequently combined deriving S-N curves applicable to the part. From the fatigue tests and FEA evaluations for the t-shaped welded steel part, four S-N curves were derived of which two curves showed the results of a linear fitted curve whereas the other curves used the recommended slope of $-1/3$. The results showed that the S-N curves derived, using a set slope, resulted in similar curves to the recommended S-N curve provided by the literature. However, the linear fitted S-N curve showed that the part, according to the S-N curve, had a higher fatigue resistance than recommended.  Due to limitations in the thesis work, the S-N curves derived within the framework of this thesis should be regarded as theoretical and have been strictly used to identify whether the method generated is applicable for deriving of S-N curves.

Detta arbete har genomförts vid Volvo Construction Equipment i Braås. I nuläget används konventionell spraybågssvetsning med metallpulverfylld rörtråd i produktionen. Ett alternativ som övervägs är att byta till solidtråd. Huvudsyftet med detta arbete har varit att utreda huruvida några utvalda processer med 1.2 mm solidtråd är kapabla att producera ensträngs kälsvetsar som uppfyller av Volvo CE ställda krav: - Minst 3 mm i-mått. - Teoretiskt a-mått mellan 4 och 5.5 mm. - Svetsklass VD enligt Volvo standard STD 181-0004. - Kompatibel med fogföljning via ljusbåge. - Ingen spalt mellan plåtarna tillåten. Arbetet inleddes med en litteraturstudie för att framförallt beskriva svetsparametrars inverkan på svetsens inträngningsprofil och geometri.  Ett stort antal svetsförsök utfördes med konventionell spraybåge samt de vågformsstyrda processerna Fronius PMC och Lincoln Electrics RapidArc. Försöken genomfördes i PA och i PB läge. I PB läget orienterades förbandet dels med gränsytan mellan plåtarna horisontellt och dels vertikalt. Flertalet av försöken genomfördes med svetstraktor. Kompletterande försök genomfördes med svetsrobot. Inträngning och kvalité bedömdes framförallt genom makroprov och syning, men också genom lasermätning. Vid inledande faktorförsök med RapidArc, PMC och konventionell spraybågsprocess användes trådmatningshastighet 13 och 15 m/min i kombination med svetshastighet 55 och 65 cm/min. Försöken visade att i PB läge med horisontell gränsyta kan 3 mm i-mått uppnås med trådmatningshastigheten 13 m/min och svetshastigheten 55 cm/min. Under avslutande svetsförsök med PMC i PB läge med gränsytan vertikalt vid 60 cm/min svetshastighet, pendling och 14.5-15.5 m/min trådmatningshastighet erhölls i-mått avsevärt överstigande 3 mm. Vid svetsförsök i PB läge med solidtråd uppnåddes kraven på 3 mm i-mått och mjuka fattningskanter med ökad svetshastighet jämfört med ett typiskt produktionsfall. I PA läge erhölls mindre skillnad gentemot ett produktionsfall. Genom ytterligare optimering av svetsprocesserna är det dock inte orimligt att svetshastigheterna kan ökas utan försämrade i-mått och fattningskanter. Möjlig kostnadsreducering för tillsatsmaterialet vid övergång till solidtråd är 30-50% beroende på att solidtråden är billigare än metallpulverfylld rörtråd. Ytterligare kostnadsreducering kan erhållas genom förbrukning av mindre mängd tillsatsmaterial. Vid genomförde svetsförsök har mindre mängd tillsatsmaterial tillförts jämfört med typiska produktionsfall.  Både den konventionella spraybågsprocessen och de vågformsstyrda processerna är kapabla att producera de eftersträvade svetsarna med solidtråd. Här måste dock ett ”varnade finger” höjas; vid svetsningen krävs god kontroll av elektrodvinklarna och elektrodens position relativt fogens rot, annars erhålls betydligt sämre resultat. / This thesis has been performed at Volvo Construction Equipment in Braås. Currently, conventional MAG spray transfer with metal cored wire is used in the production. The company is now considering switching from metal cored wire to solid wire. The main purpose of this thesis has been to investigate whether a few selected processes used with 1.2 mm solid wire are capable of producing single pass fillet welds that conform to the following requirements set by Volvo CE: - Minimum i-dimension 3 mm. - Theoretical throat thickness between 4 and 5.5 mm. - Weld class VD according to Volvo standard STD 181-0004. - Compatible with Through Arc Seam Tracking. - No gap between the plates is allowed. A literature study was performed primarily in order to describe the influence of weld parameters on the weld and penetration profile. A large number of weld trials were performed with conventional spray transfer and the two waveform controlled processes Fronius PMC and Lincoln Electrics RapidArc. The weld trials were performed in the weld positions PA and PB. For PB the joint root was orientated both horizontally and vertically. For the majority of trials a weld tractor was used. Complementary trials were performed by a robot. Weld testing consisted primarily of macro etch testing and visual inspection but also laser scanning. The initial trials with RapidArc, PMC and conventional spray transfer were performed with the wire feed speeds 13 and 15 m/min in combination with the travel speeds 55 and 65 cm/min. The trials showed that when using weld position PB with a horizontal joint root, 3 mm i-dimension can be achieved by using wire feed speed 13 m/min and travel speed 55 cm/min. Final trials with PMC were performed in weld position PB with a vertical joint root using wire feed speeds 14.5-15.5 m/min, a travel speed of 60 cm/min and weaving resulting in i-dimensions much greater than 3 mm being achieved. Using solid wire in weld position PB, welds with 3 mm i-dimension and good wetting of the toes were produced with increased travel speed compared to a typical production case. However, in weld position PA less difference was obtained compared to a typical production case. By further optimizing the weld processes it is not unlikely that the travel speeds can be increased while maintaining the i-dimension and good wetting of the toes. A possible cost reduction for the filler material is 30-50% because solid wire is cheaper than metal cored wire. Using less filler material will result in additional cost reductions. During performed weld trials less filler material was used compared to current production scenarios. Both the conventional spray transfer process and the waveform controlled processes are capable of producing the desired welds with solid wire. However, a cautionary tale must be told: when welding, good control of the electrode angles and position relative to the joint root is needed otherwise much worse results will be obtained.

Als Stand der Technik sind einfache, kreisförmige Verrundungen zur Reduktion von Kerbspannungen an Querschnittsübergängen bekannt, für die aus Tabellenwerken / Diagrammen in der Literatur die Formzahl einfach abgelesen werden kann. Die Effizienz der Spannungsreduktion solcher Lösungen ist jedoch sehr begrenzt. Ziel der Arbeit ist es daher, dem Konstrukteur bzw. Berechnungsingenieur ein Verfahren in die Hand zu geben, mit dem er für Standardquerschnittsübergänge und Standardlastfälle "Nicht-Kreiskerben" ohne teure und zeitaufwendige FEM-Analyse einfach durch Nutzung geeigneter Formzahldiagramme auslegen kann. Dabei sind sogar Formzahlen von nahezu eins möglich, d.h., in der "Kerbe" bleibt praktisch nur noch die Nennspannung übrig. Die Präsentation ist zweitgeteilt: Im ersten Teil werden die Arbeitsmethoden bzw. Softwarefunktionen und verwendeten Softwarewerkzeuge vorgestellt: Dies sind die Programme Creo Parametric als vollparametrisches CAD-Werkzeug und Creo Simulate als p-FEM-Programm der Parametric Technology Coprporation (PTC). Der zweite Teil der Präsentation beschreibt den Gültigkeitsbereich sowie die untersuchten Kerbgeometrien: Die einfache kreisförmige Verrundung als Stand der Technik, die Zwei-Radien-Kerbe, die Baud-Kurve, die Methode der Zugdreiecke nach Claus Mattheck, die elliptische Kerbe sowie die konische Rundung als generalisierte elliptische Kerbe. Es wird kurz eine Bibliothek vorgestellt, mit der solche Kerben einfach ausgelegt werden können, d.h. Ihre exakte Geometrie festgelegt sowie die zugehörige Formzahl αk bestimmt werden kann. / Circular (one-radius) fillets are known as state-of-the-art for reducing notch stresses at cross section transitions. The stress concentration factor Kt of such geometries can be read out from diagrams/tables given in the literature. However, the efficiency of stress reduction of circular notches is very limited. The goal of the work therefor is to present a method for the designer/analyst how to design non-circular notches/fillets just by using suitable Kt-diagrams without time-consuming and expensive FEM analyses. Kt-numbers of nearly one are possible, that means in the "notch" just the nominal stress appears and no stress concentration takes place. The presentation has two parts: Part one describes the working methods and software functions as well as software tools: Creo Parametric as fully-parametric CAD program and Creo Simulate as embedded p-FEM-tool from Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) have been used. The second part describes the range of validity and the examined notch geometries: The one-radius fillet as state-of-the-art, the two-radii filet, the Baud-curve, the method of tensile triangles from Claus Mattheck, the standard elliptical fillet and the conical round as generalized elliptical fillet. A notch layout library is shortly presented that allows to design such fillets, that means exactly determine the notch geometry and the related stress concentration factor Kt.

This diploma thesis deals with design of steel structure with composite steel-concrete floor structure of a office building.The building is located in Moravský Krumlov. The Office buidling consist of multi-storey building and an entrance atrium. The total ground plan's dimensions are 52,8m x 48,0m. The multi-storey building has 8 floor. The maximum heigh of the building is 25,32m above ground. The project is designed in two options. For winning variant is including check and it is performed a drawings with design and check assembly details and anchorage.

The diploma thesis deals with design of steel structure of shopping centre, which is located in Zlín. The total ground plan‘s dimensions of the structure are 153 x 49 m. The maximum height of the building is 23,1 m. The structure of the shopping centre is formed by columns, primary and secondary beams. Floor structure is designed as composite steel and concrete structure. The roof structure, above the central part of the buildig is designed in two alternative versions. There is prepared statics calculation of the main load-bearing parts of the structure, including joints and details.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a metalworking shed with its adjacent administrative center. Both objects are statically independent. The buildings are located in the town of Bučovice. The dimensions of the shed are 54,78x72,58 m. There is an overhead crane situated in the middle wing. The shed‘s height is +11,62 m. The administrative building has L-shaped plan. Its dimensions are 27,62x8,13 m (the wider part is 15,63 m). The design of the administrative object has two variants. Both variants have composite steel-concrete ceiling structure. The heights of the objects are +11,20 m (A variant) and +18,20 m (B variant). For the A variant, drawings were also drawn up with the design and assessment of structural details and anchoring.