The main topic of this thesis is the work of Karel Čapek in actual historical, political and social context with focus on the dramas The White Disease and The Mother. The aim of this paper is to decode the ethical aspects and the heritage to the moral values connected to the deterioration of the whole situation in democratic Europe in between the world wars inside Čapek's work. Keywords Karel Čapek, The Mother, The White Disease, apocryphas, stories, pragmatism, relativism, ethics, philosophy

D. Th. František Norbert Hrachovský, O.Praem (1879-1943) was a regular priest in the Premonstratensian monastery in Nová Říše. He has been covered in the beatification process of Pavel Souček and his fellow-friars from the Premonstratensian monastery in Nová Říše. This work I submit deals with the life and, in particular, the work of this Czech regular priest, philosopher and translator. It is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the sources used while compiling this work. The second chapter presents its critical biography. The third chapter is entitled "Bibliography" and presents an entire list of his work: monographs, translations, contributions to various anthologies, and newspaper articles. The fourth section contains a summary of his bibliography in the time sequence, in which D. Th. František Norbert Hrachovský, O.Praem created his works. This work aims to provide a basis for appreciation of the work and to evaluate the life of this notable member of the Premonstratensian Order.

Keywords Gilbert Simondon, Bernard Stiegler, Mark B. N. Hansen, philosophy, media, technology, humanism, individuation, information Abstract This text has two parallel objectives. First, to introduce the original work of french philosopher Gilbert Simondon. Second, to show its potential of his philosophy in relation to our thinking about the current media-techno- logically conditioned environment in which we live and through which we understand the world. I have two motivations for the first objective. First, the work of Gilbert Simondon is still completely unknown in Czech Repub- lic, therefore I find it necessary to offer to the reader the introduction of his work. Second, without such introduction it would be very difficult to ope- rate with his crucial concepts in the work of his contemporary interpreters whose contributions I will discuss in the second part of the text. The se- cond objective is motivated with my interest in delimitation of speculative and materialistic line of thinking based on the work of Gilbert Simondon. Such thought with its description of the world is in clear opposition with anthropocentrism. Nevertheless, it cannot be considered as a part of object oriented ontology neither. I'm not going to show the importance of Gilbert Simondon for media theory in this text. Rather, I will...

The presented historical-philosophical diploma thesis depicts the scouting phenomenon, which demands a specific type of morality and produces specific individuality. We interpret a scout human through the following themes: the personˈs relation to nature and to God. We will demonstrate that contact with nature is closely related to the demand placed on versatile personality development in the sense of the Ancient Greek term kalokagathia. Using the writings of J. J. Rousseau, E. T. Seton and H. Thoreau, we will focus on an idealized form of the return to nature. We will further delve into scoutsˈ attitudes towards the first Scouting principle: Duty to God. Last, but not least, we will demonstrate that only mature consciences establish free and responsible action. This action is, however, conditioned by a dialogue with a higher force. A scout human is therefore defined by both; their specific attitude to nature and their acknowledgement of spiritual life. Only a life in harmony with those two constants leads scouts towards meaningful humanity.

This works deals with ethics of sexuality in the chosen canonical works of the Euro- American Belles-Lettres literature. It tries to concentrate on the changes of the preferred bases which ethics of sexuality is based on, furthermore it analyses the expressed ethical stances and finally it emphasises some sexual-ethical themes, which appeared in the analysed books. The emphasis is put on the different nature of two ethical layers: shared customs and individual morality, which can radically differ from the prevailing customs, protest against them or expand them further. Based on 42 canonical works, this work names and described 7 possible approaches to the ethics of sexuality and 7 ethical topics which were recurrently appearing in the analysed books.

The thesis examines the concept of history in the thinking of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno. It systematically inquires into texts of the period between 1913 and 1932. Benjamin's thought is interpreted in its whole, with regards to his key concepts of messianic salvation, profane revolution, biblical fall, mythical positing of right, and actuality of the present. Adorno's contribution to the concept of history is examined on the basis of three early texts from the beginning of the thirties. The thesis follows first the evolution of the concept of history in the thought of Benjamin and then turns toward the relation between the explicated deliberations regarding the theme and the conception of Adorno. The major change which occurs during Adorno's accepting of Benjamin's terminology and thoughts lies in the fact that the concept of history is moved from the theological-eschatological context to the context of praxis. Key Words Philosophy of history, messianic salvation, revolution, myth, right, actuality, configuration.

Ondřej Lánský The Examination of One Form of the Atlantic Modernization's Moral Background Abstract This thesis deals with critique of fundamental moral pattern of the Atlantic social space, that shapes some important features of social, political, and human action in the global era and endorses legitimacy of the reigning social order. The main task of this thesis is to show pathological moments of the contemporary development of global society through comparison of some constitutive features of Atlantic and Latin-American societies. The most important theoretical basis for this thesis is Axel Honneth's theory of recognition. As articulations of constitutive features of social normativity (ergo as expressions of shared social imaginaries of social configuration) are used chosen social philosophical concepts: John Rawls' liberalism and Enrique Dussel's philosophy of liberation. The thesis contains therefore four steps in three main chapters. Firstly the author sociologically analyzes the concept of social esteem in the context of theory of recognition. Secondly he examines John Rawls' normative theory of justice. Thirdly the author points some aspects of Rawls' theory, which allow certain interpretation and critique of the social esteem and of the liberal definition of moral legitimacy of the Atlantic...

The thesis offers an interpretation of Paul's political thought and political theology in the context of current philosophy. The first part presents a methodological basis of the work: the concept of political theology is conceived as a methodological tool that enables us to concentrate on interrelations and mutual effects of religion and politics and to expose implicit or explicit political meanings and implications of religious ideas. The second methodological subchapter deals with Max Weber's approach to "economic ethics of world religions": Weber concentrates on historical crossroads and switches which are a result of random chain of coincidences and factors forming a specific relation to values (Wertbeziehung) which enables us to understand further historical development. Paul's missionary activity and theology is seen as such historical crossroad with far- reaching social consequences. Another part elaborately deals with the most important and influential interpretations of Paul in current non-Christian philosophy: Jacob Taubes, Alain Badiou, Giorgio Agamben. The attention is given not only to presentation of their interpretations but also to utilizations and interpretative gaps, which could be observed in the way these authors read and understand Paul. Though for different reasons, for all of them...

Although Merleau-Ponty did not write a book that would explicitly deal with the philosophy of nature, it is clear - thanks to the published transcripts of lectures at the College de France - that he considered this issue to be very important. A philosophy which in its anthropological and ontological concepts overlooks nature is not able to give, according to Merleau-Ponty, a realistic picture of human existence. If the philosophy of nature is not to be subordinated to metaphysics or exact science, it must be based on thinking about our physical, and therefore perceptual- emotional being in the world. Part of this interest in nature is also an interest in non-human animals who bodily inhabit the natural world and relate to it in their own way, although they may share significant biological and behavioral traits with us. In Merleau-Ponty's philosohy, the phenomenology of not only human corporeality and vitality meets with considerations of the being of nature, and the reflection of certain scientific conceptions meets with the clarification of the philosophical concept of nature.

The thesis offers an interpretation of Paul's political thought and political theology in the context of current philosophy. The first part presents a methodological basis of the work: the concept of political theology is conceived as a methodological tool that enables us to concentrate on interrelations and mutual effects of religion and politics and to expose implicit or explicit political meanings and implications of religious ideas. The second methodological subchapter deals with Max Weber's approach to "economic ethics of world religions": Weber concentrates on historical crossroads and switches which are a result of random chain of coincidences and factors forming a specific relation to values (Wertbeziehung) which enables us to understand further historical development. Paul's missionary activity and theology is seen as such historical crossroad with far- reaching social consequences. Another part elaborately deals with the most important and influential interpretations of Paul in current non-Christian philosophy: Jacob Taubes, Alain Badiou, Giorgio Agamben. The attention is given not only to presentation of their interpretations but also to utilizations and interpretative gaps, which could be observed in the way these authors read and understand Paul. Though for different reasons, for all of them...