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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Efeito dos reguladores de resposta PvrR e RcsB na motilidade, formação de biofilme e sua relação  com a fímbria CupD de Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 / Effect of PvrR and RcsB response regulators in motility, biofilm formation and their connection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 CupD fimbria

Gianlucca Gonçalves Nicastro 09 December 2008 (has links)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa é uma proteobactéria do grupo gama, que pode se comportar como um patógeno oportunista. A linhagem PA14 apresenta duas ilhas de patogenicidade. A maior delas, PAPI-1, contém dois grupos de genes envolvidos com virulência, transcritos de maneira oposta e que estão entre duas seqüências repetidas diretas. O primeiro grupo compreende quatro genes dispostos em dois operons, que codificam para proteínas de sistemas de dois componentes (PvrS, PvrR, RcsC e RcsB). PvrS e RcsC são proteínas sensoras híbridas, que apresentam domínios de histidina-quinase e de reguladores de resposta. PvrR é um regulador de resposta com um domínio EAL com atividade de fosfodiesterase de diGMP cíclico e RcsB apresenta um domínio de ligação a DNA, além de um domínio fosfoaceptor. O outro grupo é composto de cinco genes, cupD1 a cupD5, que codificam para uma fímbria do tipo chaperone-usher e que apresenta alta similaridade com cupA, envolvido na formação de biofilme em outras linhagens de P. aeruginosa. Trabalhos anteriores mostraram que pvrS, pvrR, rcsC, rcsB e cupD2 estão relacionados com a virulência de PA14. Como estes grupos de genes parecem ter sido inseridos na ilha em um único evento de recombinação, este trabalho investigou se os sistemas de dois componentes estão relacionados com a regulação da expressão de cupD. Foi observado que a expressão de cupD é maior a 28ºC do que que a 37ºC e é influenciada positivamente pelo regulador global de expressão, MvaT, uma proteína tipo H-NS. Ensaios de β-galactosidase a partir de uma fusão de transcrição mostraram que a atividade promotora de cupD é cerca de 50% menor numa linhagem com deleção em rcsB em relação à linhagem selvagem. Nenhuma diferença consistente foi observada entre as linhagens com deleções em pvrS, pvrR, rcsC e rcsB e PA14 em relação a motilidade dos tipos swarming, swimming ou twitching ou à formação de biofilme. A linhagem de P. aeruginosa PA14 superexpressando RcsB mostrou níveis exacerbados de mRNA de cupD1, sendo a atuação de RcsB específica em cupD, já que os outros grupos de genes cup presentes em PA14 não mostraram a mesma variação na expressão, conforme analisado por RT-PCR quantitativo. Essa linhagem mostrou também um aumento na formação de biofilme, sem que a motilidade fosse alterada. Ainda visando elucidar os mecanismos de regulação de cupD, linhagens que superexpressam pvrR também foram analisadas quanto a estes fenótipos. Nesse caso, a superexpressão de pvrR diminuiu a formação de biofilme, conforme esperado, aumentou a motilidade do tipo swarming, porém não alterou a expressão de cupD. Os dados do presente trabalho demonstraram que a cupD é regulado pelos genes do sistemas de dois componentes adjacentes a ele e que o ativador de transcrição RcsB está relacionado com a formação de biofilme em tubos de vidro, provavelmente via a fímbria CupD. / Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a γ-proteobacteria that can behave as an opportunistic pathogen. The strain PA14 carries two pathogenicity islands, the largest of them, PAPI-1, contains two gene clusters between two direct repeat sequences that are transcribed in opposite directions and are involved in virulence. The first group consists of four genes arranged in two operons encoding two-component system proteins (PvrS, PvrR, RcsC and RcsB). PvrS and RcsC are hybrid sensor proteins, which contain domains of histidine kinase and response regulator domains. PvrR is a response regulator with a phosphodiesterase EAL domain and RcsB presents a C- terminal HTH DNA biding domain, in addition to a phosphoaceptor domain. The other group is composed of five genes, cupD1-5, that encodes components and assembly factors of a putative fimbrial CupD, which has high similarity with CupA, involved in the biofilm formation in other P. aeruginosa strains. Earlier work showed that pvrS, pvrR, rcsC, rcsB and cupD2 are related to the virulence of PA14. As these groups of genes appear to have been inserted on the island in a single event of recombination, this study investigated whether the two-component systems are related to the regulation of cupD expression. It was observed that cupD promoter activity is higher at 28oC than at 37oC and it is positively influenced by the global regulator, MvaT, a H-NS like protein. A lacZ transcriptional fusion showed about 50% less promoter activity of cupD from a strain with deletion in rcsB as compared to PA14. No consistent differences were found among the strains with deletions in pvrS, pvrR, rcsC and rcsB and PA14 on swarming, swimming and twitching motilities or biofilmsformation. A strain overexpressing overexpression showed heigher levels of cupD1mRNA of, and the role of RcsB as an activator is specific to cupD, as the other groups of cup genes present in PA14 did not show the same variation in the expression, as analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. This strain also showed an increase in biofilm formation. In further assays aiming to elucidate the mechanisms of regulation of cupD, a strains overexpressing pvrR was also analyzed. Overexpression of pvrR decreased the formation of biofilm, as expected, and increased swarming motility, but did not alter the expression of cupD. The data from this study demonstrated that cupD is regulated by RcsB, and that this transcriptional activator is involved in the formation of biofilm in glass tubes, probably via CupD fimbriae.
72

Coordinated Regulation of Salmonella Virulence Genes by the BarA/SirA Two-Component System and the Csr Global Regulatory System

Lucas, Darren Edward 01 October 2013 (has links)
No description available.
73

Epigenetic regulation of the nitrosative stress response and intracellular macrophage survival by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Bateman, SL, Seed, PC 03 1900 (has links)
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) reside in the enteric tract as a commensal reservoir, but can transition to a pathogenic state by invading normally sterile niches, establishing infection and disseminating to invasive sites like the bloodstream. Macrophages are required for ExPEC dissemination, suggesting the pathogen has developed mechanisms to persist within professional phagocytes. Here, we report that FimX, an ExPEC-associated DNA invertase that regulates the major virulence factor type 1 pili (T1P), is also an epigenetic regulator of a LuxR-like response regulator HyxR. FimX regulated hyxR expression through bidirectional phase inversion of its promoter region at sites different from the type 1 pili promoter and independent of integration host factor (IHF). In vitro, transition from high to low HyxR expression produced enhanced tolerance of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs), primarily through de-repression of hmpA, encoding a nitric oxide-detoxifying flavohaemoglobin. However, in the macrophage, HyxR produced large effects on intracellular survival in the presence and absence of RNI and independent of Hmp. Collectively, we have shown that the ability of ExPEC to survive in macrophages is contingent upon the proper transition from high to low HyxR expression through epigenetic regulatory control by FimX. / Dissertation

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