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1	Predicting Academic Success among First-Year, First Generation Students Amelink, Catherine T. 28 April 2005 (has links) Due to immigration the non-Hispanic White population continues to decrease and the population continues to change in regard to the ethnic and racial make-up. As these demographic changes take place higher education institutions will face increasing pressure from stakeholders to create environments that facilitate degree completion among mounting numbers of populations who are at risk in terms of academic success. First generation status denotes one group of students who are at risk in terms of persistence towards a bachelor's degree. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors predict the academic success of first year, full-time first generation students. Furthermore, this study examined whether there is a relationship between race, gender, financial need, and language ability and factors used to predict the academic success of first generation students. Factors were defined as variables measured by the 2002 Your First College Year Survey (YFCY) data (HERI, 2004a). Factors fell into five main areas: Student Background Characteristics, Agents of Socialization, Structural Characteristics, Institutional Environment, and Student Effort (Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991). The study was based on secondary analysis of the 2002 YFCY data provided by the Higher Education Research Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles. A combination of descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and logistic regression was used for this study. Findings revealed there are significant differences between academically more successful FGs and FGs who are academically less successful in relation to three factors: Institutional Environment, Student Effort, and Agents of Socialization. FGs are more likely to experience academic success in regard to variables associated with the factor Institutional Environment. There is a greater likelihood FGs will be academically less successful in relation to variables associated with the factors Student Effort and Agents of Socialization. When considering demographic variables in relation to the three significant institutional factors, FGs who are Asian American are more likely to experience academic success. Alternatively, FGs have greater odds of being academically less successful if they are male, African American, Mexican American, and non-native speakers of English. / Ph. D. First Generation Students Academic Success Race Gender Financial Need English Speaking Ability Institutional Factors
2	The need for a flexible and discretionary system of marital property distribution in the South African law of divorce Lowndes, Gillian Claire 11 1900 (has links) Substantive gender equality has yet to be achieved in South Africa. As such, when a decision is made for one of the spouses to a civil marriage to stay at home and care for the children born of the marriage, or make career sacrifices to care for children, that spouse is usually the wife. As a result, while the husband continues to amass wealth and grow his earning potential, the wife is unable to do so. In circumstances where such spouses are married out of community of property or subject to the accrual system with onerous exclusion clauses in the antenuptial contract, the wife may be left with little more than a claim for rehabilitative maintenance in the event of a divorce. The courts only have the discretion to make an equitable distribution of marital property in civil marriages with complete separation of property concluded prior to 1 November 1984 (or 2 December 1988) and customary marriages. It is arguable that this limitation of the judicial discretion violates the equality clause contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. A broad judicial discretion to equitably redistribute the spouses’ assets upon divorce is therefore proposed in this dissertation. / Private Law / LL.M. Matrimonial property regime Marriage in community of property Marriage out of community of property Accrual system Antenuptial contract Family contract Dissolution of marriage Spousal equality Substantive equality Formal equality Differentiation Discrimination Gender-stereotypical expectations Public-private dichotomy Pension interest Pension sharing Clean-break principle Judicial discretion upon divorce Maintenance Forfeiture of assets Equitable distribution Law commission Financial need Prenuptial agreement Qualifying nuptial agreement 346.1664068 Marital property -- South Africa Alimony -- South Africa Divorce settlements -- South Africa Judicial discretion -- South Africa
3	The need for a flexible and discretionary system of marital property distribution in the South African law of divorce Lowndes, Gillian Claire 11 1900 (has links) Substantive gender equality has yet to be achieved in South Africa. As such, when a decision is made for one of the spouses to a civil marriage to stay at home and care for the children born of the marriage, or make career sacrifices to care for children, that spouse is usually the wife. As a result, while the husband continues to amass wealth and grow his earning potential, the wife is unable to do so. In circumstances where such spouses are married out of community of property or subject to the accrual system with onerous exclusion clauses in the antenuptial contract, the wife may be left with little more than a claim for rehabilitative maintenance in the event of a divorce. The courts only have the discretion to make an equitable distribution of marital property in civil marriages with complete separation of property concluded prior to 1 November 1984 (or 2 December 1988) and customary marriages. It is arguable that this limitation of the judicial discretion violates the equality clause contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. A broad judicial discretion to equitably redistribute the spouses’ assets upon divorce is therefore proposed in this dissertation. / Private Law / LL. M. Matrimonial property regime Marriage in community of property Marriage out of community of property Accrual system Antenuptial contract Family contract Dissolution of marriage Spousal equality Substantive equality Formal equality Differentiation Discrimination Gender-stereotypical expectations Public-private dichotomy Pension interest Pension sharing Clean-break principle Judicial discretion upon divorce Maintenance Forfeiture of assets Equitable distribution Law commission Financial need Prenuptial agreement Qualifying nuptial agreement 346.1664068 Marital property -- South Africa Alimony -- South Africa Divorce settlements -- South Africa Judicial discretion -- South Africa

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