O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta para a implantação de um sistema de financiamento para controle de poluição ambiental. Assim, o trabalho é composto de quatro partes básicas. A primeira compreende uma abordagem introdutória, na qual são apresentados os principios e conceitos relacionados à poluição ambiental. Na segunda parte é descrita a evolução do controle da poluição ambiental no Estado de sio Paulo, abrangendo períodos, legislação, atribuições e aspectos institucionais. O programa de financiamento para controle de poluição ambiental de origem industrial para o Estado de são Paulo, como exemplo, é detalhado na terceira parte do trabalho abordando suas características, a evolução do programa, as estruturas legal e administrativa utilizadas em seu desenvolvimento e diversos resultados obtidos em termos físico-ambientais e econômico-sociais, caracterizando a implantação e o desenvolvimento do programa considerado. A quarta parte apresenta então uma proposta para implantação de sistema de financiamento para controle de poluição ambiental, em condições de ser utilizado nos diversos níveis do Governo, particularmente a nivel de Estado. O trabalho realizado permite considerar a importância do sistema de financiamento do tipo descrito como instrumento de apoio às ações de controle de poluição, estimulador de estudos para determinação de custos de controle de poluição e, consequentemente, fator de indução para a formulação de política de controle de poluição ambiental clara e definida, adequada às situações locais e regionais, conduzindo à melhoria de suas condições ambientais e, em decorrência, da qualidade de vida. / The aim of this paper is to present a proposal to implement a financing system for environmental pollution control program. Thus, this paper is made up of four basic parts. The first one includes an introductory approach, in which principles and concepts related to environmental pollution are presented. In the second part, the evolution of industrial pollution control in the State of Sao Paulo involving periods of time, legislation, responsabilities and institutional aspects is described. For instance, the financing program for environmental pollution control in the State of Sao Paulo is detailed in the third part of the paper, approaching its characteristics, evolution of the program, legal and administrative structures used in its development and some results obtàined in environmental, social and economical terms and in the development of the program taken into account. The fourth part presents a proposal to implement a financing system to control environmental pollution, that can be used in the various levels of government, particularly in the State level. This paper makes it possible to consider the importance of the financing system, as described, as a supporting to the actions of pollution control, estimulator of studies to determine pollution control costs and, consequently, inducing factor to set up a clear and defined environmental pollution control policy suited to local and regional situations, leading to the improvement of the environmental conditions and, consequently, of life quality.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta para a implantação de um sistema de financiamento para controle de poluição ambiental. Assim, o trabalho é composto de quatro partes básicas. A primeira compreende uma abordagem introdutória, na qual são apresentados os principios e conceitos relacionados à poluição ambiental. Na segunda parte é descrita a evolução do controle da poluição ambiental no Estado de sio Paulo, abrangendo períodos, legislação, atribuições e aspectos institucionais. O programa de financiamento para controle de poluição ambiental de origem industrial para o Estado de são Paulo, como exemplo, é detalhado na terceira parte do trabalho abordando suas características, a evolução do programa, as estruturas legal e administrativa utilizadas em seu desenvolvimento e diversos resultados obtidos em termos físico-ambientais e econômico-sociais, caracterizando a implantação e o desenvolvimento do programa considerado. A quarta parte apresenta então uma proposta para implantação de sistema de financiamento para controle de poluição ambiental, em condições de ser utilizado nos diversos níveis do Governo, particularmente a nivel de Estado. O trabalho realizado permite considerar a importância do sistema de financiamento do tipo descrito como instrumento de apoio às ações de controle de poluição, estimulador de estudos para determinação de custos de controle de poluição e, consequentemente, fator de indução para a formulação de política de controle de poluição ambiental clara e definida, adequada às situações locais e regionais, conduzindo à melhoria de suas condições ambientais e, em decorrência, da qualidade de vida. / The aim of this paper is to present a proposal to implement a financing system for environmental pollution control program. Thus, this paper is made up of four basic parts. The first one includes an introductory approach, in which principles and concepts related to environmental pollution are presented. In the second part, the evolution of industrial pollution control in the State of Sao Paulo involving periods of time, legislation, responsabilities and institutional aspects is described. For instance, the financing program for environmental pollution control in the State of Sao Paulo is detailed in the third part of the paper, approaching its characteristics, evolution of the program, legal and administrative structures used in its development and some results obtàined in environmental, social and economical terms and in the development of the program taken into account. The fourth part presents a proposal to implement a financing system to control environmental pollution, that can be used in the various levels of government, particularly in the State level. This paper makes it possible to consider the importance of the financing system, as described, as a supporting to the actions of pollution control, estimulator of studies to determine pollution control costs and, consequently, inducing factor to set up a clear and defined environmental pollution control policy suited to local and regional situations, leading to the improvement of the environmental conditions and, consequently, of life quality.

The diploma Selected problems of the reinsurance market and their solutions shows the development of the insurance and reinsurance markets in recent years, especially in the last two decades. The diploma deals with changes in the actual situation, describes the classic forms of risk transfers, introduces alternative instruments as possible solution. The diploma also describes the principle multi financing system, which can be an effective solution in the reinsurance market.

Il est admis qu’avoir une mauvaise santé est une des causes principales de pauvreté,particulièrement dans les pays à faible et moyen revenus. Une des raisons de ce constat est une absence de protection financière. L’objectif de cette thèse est de discerner le rôle que l'assurance maladie pourrait jouer dans l'organisation du système de protection financière de la santé. La thèse se compose de deux parties. La première partie aborde les problèmes liés au financement de santé d’un point de vue global. Le chapitre 1 apporte des discussions théoriques sur trois thèmes: 1) les spécificités des risques de la consommation médicale qui rendent la gestion du risque par l’assurance maladie privé difficile, 2) le rôle du gouvernement et du marché dans la répartition des ressources de santé. 3) les options pour l'organisation du financement de la santé. Le chapitre 2 présente une comparaison statistique sur la performance des systèmes de financement de la santé entre des pays à contextes socio-Économique différents. Les discussions sont menées autour de trois aspects du financement de la santé: la disponibilité des ressources,l'organisation du financement de la santé, et la couverture de la protection financière. La deuxième partie qui comporte trois chapitres étudie l'évolution du système de financement de la santé dans un pays donné: la Chine. Le chapitre 3 présente l'histoire du système de financement de la santé en Chine depuis 1950. Il nous aide à comprendre les défis dans le financement de la santé suscités par la réforme économique. Le chapitre 4 porte sur une étude empirique de la répartition de la charge financière de la santé en Chine dans les années 1990. Il illustre les résultats directs de la baisse du financement public et de l'augmentation des paiements directs sur le bienêtre de la population. Le chapitre 5 présente la réforme de l'assurance maladie lancée par le gouvernement depuis la fin des années 1990. L'objectif est d'estimer l'impact de la mise en oeuvre du nouveau système rural d’assurance médical (NRMCS) sur les activités et la structure financière de ces hôpitaux. Une analyse d'impact est réalisée sur un échantillon de 24 hôpitaux dans la préfecture de Weifang, au Nord de la Chine. Nous concluons que le système d'assurance maladie permet un partage des responsabilités financières entre prestataires de services, patient consommateurs et acheteurs de services. Elle inclut à la fois les agents publics et privés dans la contribution au financement de santé, ce qui rend chaque partie plus responsable vis-À-Vis de son comportement en raison des risques qu'il doit assumer du fait de la consommation médicale.Cependant, il est nécessaire de noter que l’assurance maladie sociale n’est qu’une option parmi d’autres systèmes de financement de la santé. La mise en oeuvre de ce système exige un certain niveau de développement socio-Économique. L’assurance maladie ne conduit pas systématiquement à une meilleure performance du financement de la santé si elle n'est pas accompagnée de réformes quant au paiement au fournisseur ou au système de prestation de services. L'engagement du gouvernement et des capacités institutionnelles sont également des facteurs clés pour le bon fonctionnement du système. / It has been widely recognized that poor health is an important cause of poverty, especiallyamong the low- and middle- income countries. One of the reasons is the absence of publicfinancial protection against the medical consumption risk in these countries. This Phd dissertationis dedicated to discern the role that health insurance could play in the organization of healthfinancial protection system. The dissertation is composed of two parts. The first part discusses theproblems linking to the financing to medical consumption from a global point of view. Chapter 1brings theoretical discussions on three topics: 1) the specialties of medical consumption risks andthe difficulties in using private health insurance to manage medical consumption risks. 2) Therole of government and market in the distribution of health resources. 3) The options for theorganization of health financing system. Chapter 2 conducts a statistical comparison on theperformance of health financing systems in the countries of different social-Economic background.The discussion is carried out around three aspects of health financing: the availability of resources,the organization of health financing, and the coverage of financial protection. The second part ofthe dissertation studies the evolution of heath financing system in a specific country: China. Threechapters are assigned to this part. Chapter 3 introduces the history of Chinese health financingsystem since 1950s. It helps us to understand the challenges in health financing brought byeconomic reform. Chapter 4 carries out an empirical study on the distribution of health financingburden in China in the 1990s. It illustrates the direct results of the decline of public financing andincrease of direct payment. Chapter 5 presents health insurance reform that launched by thegovernment since the end of 1990s. An impact analysis is conducted on an original dataset of 24township hospitals in Weifang prefecture in the north of the China. The objective is to estimatethe impact of the implementation of New Rural Medical Cooperation System (NRMCS) on theactivities and financial structure of township hospitals. At last, we conclude that social healthinsurance (SHI) permits a sharing of health financial responsibilities between the service provider,the patient-Consumer, and the service purchaser. It can not only involve both public and privateagents into the collection of funds for health financing system, but also make each party moreaccountable due to the risks they bear from the result of medical consumption. Meanwhile it isnecessary to note that SHI is just one option among others to organize health financing system.The implementation of SHI requires a certain level of social-Economic development. SHI does notsystematically bring better performance on health financing if it is not accompanied by thereforms on provider payment or on service delivery system. Government commitment andinstitutional capacity are also key factors for the good function of the system.

It has been widely recognized that poor health is an important cause of poverty, especiallyamong the low- and middle- income countries. One of the reasons is the absence of publicfinancial protection against the medical consumption risk in these countries. This Phd dissertationis dedicated to discern the role that health insurance could play in the organization of healthfinancial protection system. The dissertation is composed of two parts. The first part discusses theproblems linking to the financing to medical consumption from a global point of view. Chapter 1brings theoretical discussions on three topics: 1) the specialties of medical consumption risks andthe difficulties in using private health insurance to manage medical consumption risks. 2) Therole of government and market in the distribution of health resources. 3) The options for theorganization of health financing system. Chapter 2 conducts a statistical comparison on theperformance of health financing systems in the countries of different social-economic background.The discussion is carried out around three aspects of health financing: the availability of resources,the organization of health financing, and the coverage of financial protection. The second part ofthe dissertation studies the evolution of heath financing system in a specific country: China. Threechapters are assigned to this part. Chapter 3 introduces the history of Chinese health financingsystem since 1950s. It helps us to understand the challenges in health financing brought byeconomic reform. Chapter 4 carries out an empirical study on the distribution of health financingburden in China in the 1990s. It illustrates the direct results of the decline of public financing andincrease of direct payment. Chapter 5 presents health insurance reform that launched by thegovernment since the end of 1990s. An impact analysis is conducted on an original dataset of 24township hospitals in Weifang prefecture in the north of the China. The objective is to estimatethe impact of the implementation of New Rural Medical Cooperation System (NRMCS) on theactivities and financial structure of township hospitals. At last, we conclude that social healthinsurance (SHI) permits a sharing of health financial responsibilities between the service provider,the patient-consumer, and the service purchaser. It can not only involve both public and privateagents into the collection of funds for health financing system, but also make each party moreaccountable due to the risks they bear from the result of medical consumption. Meanwhile it isnecessary to note that SHI is just one option among others to organize health financing system.The implementation of SHI requires a certain level of social-economic development. SHI does notsystematically bring better performance on health financing if it is not accompanied by thereforms on provider payment or on service delivery system. Government commitment andinstitutional capacity are also key factors for the good function of the system.

This thesis aims to answer the question how preventive social service providers, operating in the Liberec region, use the potential of financial resources from private budgets. The reason for this is the non-conceptual system of multi-source financing of social services in the Czech republic and lack of financial resources for social services funding from public budgets. The work is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter is a purely theoretical platform for the whole work. It defines the origin and role of social rights, the welfare state and the European Union in the social policy system of the Czech republic. It deals also with the social services system in the Czech Republic and their planning. The second chapter is devoted to analysis of possible funding sources for financing of social services.The third chapter focuses on stability of social service providers. The last chapter forms the practical part of the work and processes the research survey in given area.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanni Danielli Montagnana.pdf: 2498195 bytes, checksum: 3ad962e48efc5362ab9690ff0c5e107f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper aims to present the main investment plans in housing by the federal government, with greater emphasis on Housing Financial System (SFH) to the program My House, My Life. It also establishes a survey of the Real Estate Financial System (SFI) under the aegis of the new legislative and financial practices that mainly cater to middle and upper class. It then presents an analysis of public finances in São Paulo and the resources devoted to housing for low-income population / O presente texto objetiva apresentar os principais planos de investimentos em habitação, por parte do Governo Federal, com maior ênfase no Sistema Financeiro Habitacional (SFH) até ao programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida. Além disso, estabelece uma pesquisa sobre o Sistema Financeiro Imobiliário (SFI) sob a égide das novas práticas legislativas e financeiras que atendem principalmente à classe média e alta. Em seguida, apresenta uma análise das finanças públicas do Município de São Paulo e os recursos destinados à Habitação para a população de baixa renda

This dissertation covers the impact of changes in the transition of the financing system of social services from the Ministry of Social Affairs to local regions. This phase of the transition is assested from the point of view of the current state of cooperation between non governmental organizations (NGO)s and governmnetal institutions. The sample region selected for this work is Stredocesky region and the evaluation of this change was done in the context of providing social services aimed on integration of Roma into the society. The theoretical part of this dissertation is concerned with the relationship of the state with the NGOs. Further financing of social services, the history up until the current situation of the state of the process of integration of Romes into Czech Republic is outlined in this work. This work evaluates a case study of Romodrom o. p. s., an organization providing social services for individuals, who are on the edge of exclusion from the society or are impacted by an unfortunate life situation. The primary data was collected using semi-structured interviews with employees of this organization. The secondary data was gathered using the content analysis of relevant sources. The research results are divided into chapters based on themes. Those themes were identified found on...