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Påbyggnadskurs i finska 20 hpSpecialarbete 5 hpVårterminen 2010

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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The aim with this paper was to study and describe how the congruence in 1. P Sg, 1. P Pl and 3. P Pl (mä luen, me luetaan, ne lukee) appear in spoken Sweden Finnish among Sweden Finns teenagers.</p><p>The study was based on a radio interview with 17 upper secondary school students from Huddinge, south of Stockholm. Some comparative data was also provided for in studies of congruence between spoken Sweden Finnish and Finnish in Finland.</p><p>In addition to this, a discussion about the influence of Swedish on the congruence in Sweden Finnish, and the difference in congruence between boys and girls were included. The study method was descriptive and quantitative, but also qualitative observations were made.</p><p>The result of the study implied that the congruence in 1. P Sg among the informants was around 99 %. The proportion of congruent forms appeared to the same extent among boys and girls. 0.5 % of all cases was constituted by incongruence in 1. P Sg.</p><p>The incongruence in 1. P Pl was 100 % among the informants. The incongruent form was the Passive "me luetaan" or "ø luetaan". The girls used the pronoun "me" 20 % more than the boys did.</p><p>The incongruence in 3. P Pl among the informants was about 99 %. The verb in 3. P Pl was in the form 3. P Sg "ne lukee" or "ø lukee". The incongruent forms appeared to the same extent among boys and girls.</p><p>The differences in the congruence in spoken Sweden Finnish were small between the Sweden Finns and Finnish teenagers. The congruent form of standard Finnish in Sweden Finnish was used very seldom in either of the groups.</p><p>The conclusions were that the Sweden Finns may deliberately want to avoid standard Finnish forms in spoken Finnish. An inadequate education in standard Finnish in Sweden may also influence spoken Sweden Finnish. Swedish is an analytical language, and could therefore influence Sweden Finnish in a way that it becomes more analytical than spoken Finnish in Finland.</p>

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the view of Finnish dialects and identity of first, second and third generation of Sweden Finns students in 7th, 8th and 9th graders, in two Sweden Finn schools. The questions at issue for the essay were: How do Swedes of Finnish extraction think of the Finnish dialects? Is there a correlation between identifying as Finnish and knowledge and usage of the Finnish dialects, as opposed to Finns living in Finland? To which extent do the Finnish students have knowledge regarding the Finnish dialects? To answer the questions a quantitative method was used and a questionnaire was answered by over 100 students. The results of the study showed that the Finnish dialects did not exert any influence on the students’ life nor their sense of identity. Their knowledge regarding dialects was limited to standard Finnish and the dialect of Helsinki Finnish.</p>

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The aim with this essay is to specify and to describe such linguistic elements, which hamper readability of the Finnish news language at SVT: s Uutiset. The aim is also to give examples on how, with the aid of language cultivation, readability of the Finnish news language can be improved. Yet another aim is to write an essay that is useful in news reporters’ daily work and that the essay justifies and enthuses them to an active language cultivation.</p><p>The study is based on 224 news cases, done by SVT: s Finnish editorial staff between January 3 and July 1, 2005. The study method is qualitative and descriptive, and the study includes morphology, syntax and semantics.</p><p>The result of the study shows that the linguistic elements that hamper readability of news language are long sentences and long attribute chains, noun style, postpositional constructions, word order and cases, and statistical expressions. These linguistic elements influence how clearly, easily and concise news language is considered. Problematic seems also to be how sentences, constituents and words are to be emphasized and how they should be tied together in a cohesive and correct way. The linguistic elements that often occur in the material are common also in other text genres and are well-known within language cultivation literature.</p>

<p>The study deals with the usage of tenses in Finnish and Swedish. The analysis focuses on the tenses of finite verb-forms and the aim is to compare differences in tense usage in order to notice where if at all the tense usage differs. The material used comprises one Finnish novel, one Swedish novel and their translations.</p><p>The Finnish novel chosen is written by Arto Paasilinna and is called Aatami ja Eeva. The Swedish novel is called Ingen mans land and it is written by Jan Guillou. These novels were chosen because they are both contemporary and the texts were comparable with regard to how much narrative and dialogue they contain.</p><p>One problem with generalizing is, that authors as well as translators all have their own idiolect; a variety of a language unique to an individual. A translator may also use a different tense as a stylistic device, for example to enliven the text or to add some drama into it.</p><p>My hypothesis was, that due to the semantic similarities between the two languages the tense usage is very similar in Finnish and Swedish. Clear differences were not expected.</p><p>The findings of the study verified my hypothesis. However, the study showed that Finnish past perfect was often translated as imperfect tense in the Swedish text and vice versa. The tenses concerned are a "temporal couple", both of them indicating "the past of the past". It might be due to this that it has been possible to change the tense in the translation without affecting the meaning of the sentence. My conclusion is, that in addition to this altering the tense was in many cases a stylistic choice.</p><p>Keywords: tenses, tense usage, Finnish, Swedish, translation</p>

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The object of this study is to shed new light on both the influence exerted on Finnish by the Swedish language, and on the mechanisms by which language contact in structural domains takes place. It is argued that syntactic borrowing should be regarded as a subtype of reanalysis and extension rather than as an independent mechanism. Also, the need to regard linguistic structural change as teleologically motivated rather than deterministically caused is stressed. Possibilities to apply a framework based on A.N. Whitehead’s process philosophy to language change are explored. The corpus consists of six legal translations from the 1580s to 1759. The areas studied, all relating to Finnish object and subject marking, are those of the Finnish passive, which under foreign influence has shown tendencies to change from a typically non-promotional passive to a promotional passive; Finnish necessitive constructions, which form an active-stative subsystem within Finnish with marked active subjects and unmarked objects/non-active subjects but have shown tendencies to develop a nominative-accusative system in dialects influenced by Swedish; and the Finnish relative word "kuin", which has been taken to be a Swedish calque modelled on "som". The result is a complex interplay of reanalyses and extensions with foreign model patterns involved to a varying degree. Development of a promotional passive seems to involve both internal semantic factors and Swedish models. Necessitive subjects appear to be marked or unmarked on the basis of a merger between constructions involving active subjects and passive objects, possibly modelled on Swedish. And the relative word "kuin" has been integrated into Old Finnish in a way at odds with the usage of the model pattern. This vindicates abandoning the dichotomy between “internal” and “external” changes, and regarding language contact as a background factor rather than as an independent cause.

<p>In my study I analyse Reijo Mäki’s four books Pimeyden tango (1997), Pahan suudelma (1998), Keltainen leski (1999) and Black Jack (2003).  I’m interested whether Mäki as a writer belongs to traditional Finnish prose which started from Aleksis Kivi than genre of crime literature.</p><p>After Kai Laitinen humour, nature and democracy are typical to Finnish literature tradition.  Mäki’s milieu descriptions are closer to the Finnish literary tradition. Through nature the characters mirror their emotions, feelings and events. The environment is not only seen, but it is also smelled, touched and heard. Through the marks of the nature characters give right as well as misleading clues. It is particularly characteristic to the Finnish literary tradition to describe division of life, social status and the freedom and lack of it through weather, which is not typical to the crime literature.  Also Mäki’s characters are democratic and everyday and strongly individualistic and anti-social despite of person’s social standing.  Laitinen’s point of view is that in the Finnish literary tradition equality is only between men. In Mäki’s fiction women characters are narrow and they are only seen how they look.</p><p>Mäki represents the modern criminal literature in which are characteristics of puzzle, hard-boiled and police novels. Unlike hardboiled detective stories his books are full of verbal descriptions. In conclusion Mäki’s books clearly represent the Finnish literary tradition.</p>