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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ronald Fisher e a eugenia: estatística, evolução e genética na busca da civilização permanente / Ronald Fisher and eugenics: statistics, evolution and genetics in the quest for permanent civilization

Cruz, Rodrigo Andrade da 12 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-30T11:43:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Andrade da Cruz.pdf: 2363690 bytes, checksum: 6e3f1554dbccc52ab3eb3c9c79ef1b3f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-30T11:43:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Andrade da Cruz.pdf: 2363690 bytes, checksum: 6e3f1554dbccc52ab3eb3c9c79ef1b3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the beginning of the 20th century, England was the stage for an intense debate on the mechanisms of inheritance and their relationship with evolution. To the biologists known as gradualists it was impossible to reconcile Mendelian genetics with Darwinian thought. In turn, advocates of saltationism admitted Mendelian inheritance, but put the foundations of evolution theory into question. This opposition defines the context for the work of Ronald Fisher, who through the use of statistics was able to bridge the gap between the contending positions and thus contributed to the formulation of so-called evolutionary synthesis or Neodarwinism. However, the literature often passes over the fact that the background for the debate and formulation of evolutionary synthesis was provided by eugenics, namely, the science that sought to improve humankind through the control of reproduction. To be sure, eugenics called the attention of Fisher since his youth, and in time he became one of its main developers and advocates. A large part of the theoretical-conceptual grounds of contemporary statistics and population genetics was formulated as a function of Fisher’s concerns with the phenomenon he called differential fertility. According to him, the higher reproduction rates of ‘inadequate’ people by comparison to the ‘best stocks’ was the main cause of the problems humankind had to deal with all along history and also in his time / No início do século XX ocorreram na Inglaterra intensos debates sobre os mecanismos de hereditariedade e suas vinculações com o darwinismo. Uma corrente de biólogos, denominada gradualista, hesitava em aceitar os preceitos mendelianos. Segundo esses não havia composição entre a genética mendeliana e o darwinismo. Por sua vez, a corrente denominada saltacionista, aceitava a genética mendeliana, porém questionava os fundamentos darwinistas de evolução. É nesse contexto que o trabalho de Ronald Fisher se destaca. Ele é considerado um dos principais responsáveis pela formulação da síntese neodarwiniana, ao utilizar a estatística como conciliadora de ambas as correntes. Como pano de fundo das formulações de Fisher e de vários outros naturalistas do período, entretanto, estava a eugenia: a ciência do melhoramento da espécie humana a partir do controle da reprodução. Desde muito jovem as ideias eugênicas chamaram a atenção de Fisher – que se tornou um de seus grandes formuladores e defensores. Grande parte da formulação teórico-conceitual da estatística e da genética de populações foi elaborada sob a preocupação com o fenômeno que Fisher denominou de fertilidade diferencial. Para ele, as maiores taxas de reprodução dos “inadequados” em comparação às ‘melhores linhagens’ humanas era a maior causa dos problemas que a humanidade enfrenta e enfrentou ao longo de toda a história

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