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La présente recherche souligne l'importance de la pêche chez les chasseurs cueilleurs marins de la région centrale du détroit de Magellan et des mers adjacentes. L'approche méthodologique prend en compte l'analyse ichthyoarchéologique de 13 sites archéologiques couvrant une chronologie de 6000 à 1000 ans BP. La méthode de la sclérochronologie est appliquée aux vertèbres de l'espèce la plus importante (Salilota aust alis) afin d'évaluer la saisonnalité des activités de pêche. Les techniques de pêche sont abordées à partir des éléments de technologie découverts dans les gisements étudiés (poids lithiques, pointes en os, murets de pêcherie) et de l'information ethnographique. Les résultats permettent de discuter et de réévaluer le rôle de la pêche par rapport à la chasse aux mammifères marins, généralement estimée (avec les mollusques) comme l'axe principal de subsistance de ces sociétés nomades. Des changements radicaux sont observés dans le modèle d'exploitation des poissons à travers le temps. On observe à l'époque ancienne et moyenne (de 6000 à 2000 ans BP) une grande spécialisation dans des espèces démersales exploitées à différents moments de l'année, et l'emploi de technologies spécialisées standardisées. Au cours des derniers 2000 ans et jusqu'à la période ethnographique, la pêche est concentrée sur les bords de côte ; son rôle dans la subsistance est variable et on observe des stratégies opportunistes permises par l'usage de techniques de pêche variées. Le modèle d'exploitation observé tout au long de la séquence chronologique est différent de celui qui avait été suggéré par D. Zangrando pour les nomades marins du canal Beagle, où est observée une intensification progressive de la pêche à travers le temps. Finalement on remarque le haut niveau de spécialisation de la pêche chez les premiers indiens canoeros qui ont peuplé la région de Magellan, il y a 6000 ans, ce qui permet de discuter du degré d'adaptation de ces populations aux milieux marins. Cette observation renforce l'hypothèse, de plus en plus documentée, d'un peuplement maritime venu du nord, le long de la côte pacifique. / This research highlights the importance of fishing in marine hunter-gatherers of the central region of the Magellan Strait and adjacent seas. The methodological approach takes into account the ichthyoarchaeological analysis of 13 archaeological sites covering a chronology from 6000 to 1000 years BP. The Sclerochronology method is applied to the vertebrae of the most important species (Salilota australis) to estimate the seasonality of fishing activities. Fishing techniques are discussed from technology elements discovered in the studied deposits (weight lithic, bone points, fishing weirs) and ethnographic information. The results allow to discuss and reassess the role of fisheries in respect to the hunting of marine mammals, generally estimated to be (along with shellfish) the main source of subsistence nomadic societies. Radical changes are observed on fishing strategies over time. We observe in the Early and Middle Periods (6000 to 2000 years BP) a specialization in demersals species exploited at different moments of the year, and the use of standardized and specialized technologies. ln the last 2000 years until the ethnographic period, fishing is concentrated on the seashore; the role in subsistence is variable and opportunistic strategies enabled by the use of various fishing technics can be observed. The fishing strategies observed throughout the chronological sequence is different from the one suggested by F. Zangrando for the marine nomads of the Beagle Channel, where a progressive intensification of fishing through time is detected. Finally this research emphasizes the high level of the fishing specialization of the first canoeros Indians who populated the region of Magallanes, 6000 years ago, which allows us to discuss the degree of adaptation of these populations to marine environments. This observation strengthens the hypothesis, increasingly documented, of the existence of a maritime population from the Northern regions, along the Pacific Coast.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a caracterizaÃÃo dos aspectos tecnolÃgicos e da composiÃÃo das capturas, complementados com estudos sobre o crescimento e a alimentaÃÃo das principais espÃcies na pesca de atuns e afins em cardumes associados no AtlÃntico Oeste Equatorial. Para tanto, foram acompanhados 109 desembarques em Areia Branca, RN, no perÃodo entre jun/2010 e mai/2013, assim como o embarque em nove cruzeiros de pesca no perÃodo entre fev/2011 e dez/2012. O estudo de idade e crescimento, foi realizado com base nas leituras de anÃis etÃrios nos espinhos dorsais e microincrementos diÃrios de otÃlitos de Thunnus albacares ajustados aos modelos de crescimento de von Bertalanffy, Gompertz e LogÃstico, os quais foram selecionados a partir dos valores de AIC (Akaikeâs Criterion Information). O estudo de alimentaÃÃo foi desenvolvido por meio da identificaÃÃo e avaliaÃÃo dos itens alimentares presentes no conteÃdo estomacal de T. obesus e T. albacares. Foram observadas 9 embarcaÃÃes, com comprimento total mÃdio de 13,4 m, as quais utilizam diversas tÃcnicas de captura como a linha de mÃo, vara e linha, corrico e corso, com o uso de iscas artificiais e naturais. Os desembarques totalizaram 691.533 kg de pescado, dentre os quais, as espÃcies alvo foram a albacora bandolim e a albacora laje, sendo retidas tambem espÃcies como o dourado, agulhÃo negro, bonito-listrado, cavala empinge, peixe rei e ainda, ocasionalmente, espÃcies como espadarte e cangulo. Os valores de L ̅_∞ foram estimados em 175,13 e 171,6 cm para os dados observados e retrocalculados a partir dos espinhos dorsais e em 166,6; 171,14; e 155,38 cm respectivamente para os dados agrupados, para machos e fÃmeas a partir dos microincrementos diÃrios de otÃlitos. Os principais itens alimentares observados na dieta de ambos os predadores foram os peixes das famÃlias Myctophidae, Exocoetidae, Bramidae e Nomeidae, sendo observadas com menor frequÃncia os cefalÃpodes e os crustÃceos. Podemos concluir que os resultados obtidos fornecem informaÃÃes essÃnciais que ajudarÃo a compreender as atividades de pesca, bem como ampliarÃo os conhecimentos sobre a biologia das principais espÃcies capturadas. / The present study aims to characterize the technolo gical features and the catch composition, complemented with studies on the age a nd growth and feeding of the target species in the fishery for tunas in associated schools in the western equatorial Atlantic. For this purpose, a total of 109 landings by the fleet based on Areia Branca, RN, were observed in the period from June 2010 to M ay 2013, as well as on board in nine fishing cruises in the period from February 2011 to December 2012. The age and growth study was performed based on readings of age rings of the dorsal spines and daily microincrements present in the otolith of Thunnus albacares, adjusted to von Bertalanffy , Gompertz and Logistic growth models, which were selected based on their AIC (Akaike 's Information Criterion) valu es. The feeding study was developed through the identification and assessment of food items present in the stomach contents from T. obesus and T. albacares . The fleet consisted of 9 boats, with an average length overall of 13.4 m, which use various fishing techniques such as handline, rod and line and trolling, combined with natural baits or lures. Landings amounted 691,533 kg, from which, the target species were bigeye and yellowfin tunas, as well as bycatch, species such as dolphinfish, blue marlin, skipjack, wahoo, rainbow runner and, even occasionally, species such as swordfish and triggerfish. The values of L were estimated at 175.13 and 171.6 cm for the obser ved and backcalculated data from the dorsal spines and 166.6, 171.14 and 155.38 cm, respectively for the pooled data, males and females based on otolith daily microstructure. The main food items observed in the diet of both predators were the following fish families: Myctophidae, Exocoetidae, Bramidae and Nomeidae. Cephalopods and crustaceans were occasionally observed. We can conclude that results provide essential information that will ass ist in the understanding of fishing activities as well as expand the knowledge on the biology of the target species.

SILVA, Guelson Batista da. Dinâmica populacional e pesca de atuns em cardumes associados no Atlântico oeste equatorial. 2013. 155 f. : Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Fortaleza-CE, 2013 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-26T14:55:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_tese_gbsilva.pdf: 25046778 bytes, checksum: fc5e4863285fe78962906db438bfe4a9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-26T14:56:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_tese_gbsilva.pdf: 25046778 bytes, checksum: fc5e4863285fe78962906db438bfe4a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T14:56:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_tese_gbsilva.pdf: 25046778 bytes, checksum: fc5e4863285fe78962906db438bfe4a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / The present study aims to characterize the technolo gical features and the catch composition, complemented with studies on the age a nd growth and feeding of the target species in the fishery for tunas in associated schools in the western equatorial Atlantic. For this purpose, a total of 109 landings by the fleet based on Areia Branca, RN, were observed in the period from June 2010 to M ay 2013, as well as on board in nine fishing cruises in the period from February 2011 to December 2012. The age and growth study was performed based on readings of age rings of the dorsal spines and daily microincrements present in the otolith of Thunnus albacares, adjusted to von Bertalanffy , Gompertz and Logistic growth models, which were selected based on their AIC (Akaike 's Information Criterion) valu es. The feeding study was developed through the identification and assessment of food items present in the stomach contents from T. obesus and T. albacares . The fleet consisted of 9 boats, with an average length overall of 13.4 m, which use various fishing techniques such as handline, rod and line and trolling, combined with natural baits or lures. Landings amounted 691,533 kg, from which, the target species were bigeye and yellowfin tunas, as well as bycatch, species such as dolphinfish, blue marlin, skipjack, wahoo, rainbow runner and, even occasionally, species such as swordfish and triggerfish. The values of L were estimated at 175.13 and 171.6 cm for the obser ved and backcalculated data from the dorsal spines and 166.6, 171.14 and 155.38 cm, respectively for the pooled data, males and females based on otolith daily microstructure. The main food items observed in the diet of both predators were the following fish families: Myctophidae, Exocoetidae, Bramidae and Nomeidae. Cephalopods and crustaceans were occasionally observed. We can conclude that results provide essential information that will ass ist in the understanding of fishing activities as well as expand the knowledge on the biology of the target species. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a caracterização dos aspectos tecnológicos e da composição das capturas, complementados com estudos sobre o crescimento e a alimentação das principais espécies na pesca de atuns e afins em cardumes associados no Atlântico Oeste Equatorial. Para tanto, foram acompanhados 109 desembarques em Areia Branca, RN, no período entre jun/2010 e mai/2013, assim como o embarque em nove cruzeiros de pesca no período entre fev/2011 e dez/2012. O estudo de idade e crescimento, foi realizado com base nas leituras de anéis etários nos espinhos dorsais e microincrementos diários de otólitos de Thunnus albacares ajustados aos modelos de crescimento de von Bertalanffy, Gompertz e Logístico, os quais foram selecionados a partir dos valores de AIC (Akaike’s Criterion Information). O estudo de alimentação foi desenvolvido por meio da identificação e avaliação dos itens alimentares presentes no conteúdo estomacal de T. obesus e T. albacares. Foram observadas 9 embarcações, com comprimento total médio de 13,4 m, as quais utilizam diversas técnicas de captura como a linha de mão, vara e linha, corrico e corso, com o uso de iscas artificiais e naturais. Os desembarques totalizaram 691.533 kg de pescado, dentre os quais, as espécies alvo foram a albacora bandolim e a albacora laje, sendo retidas tambem espécies como o dourado, agulhão negro, bonito-listrado, cavala empinge, peixe rei e ainda, ocasionalmente, espécies como espadarte e cangulo. Os valores de L ̅_∞ foram estimados em 175,13 e 171,6 cm para os dados observados e retrocalculados a partir dos espinhos dorsais e em 166,6; 171,14; e 155,38 cm respectivamente para os dados agrupados, para machos e fêmeas a partir dos microincrementos diários de otólitos. Os principais itens alimentares observados na dieta de ambos os predadores foram os peixes das famílias Myctophidae, Exocoetidae, Bramidae e Nomeidae, sendo observadas com menor frequência os cefalópodes e os crustáceos. Podemos concluir que os resultados obtidos fornecem informações essênciais que ajudarão a compreender as atividades de pesca, bem como ampliarão os conhecimentos sobre a biologia das principais espécies capturadas.