Thesis (M. M. S.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves 84-90.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 1984. / BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The chief sector of the South African fishing industry, demersal trawling is in a state of uncertainty that brings its competitiveness and long term developnent into question. The Hake (Merluccius capensis and Merluccius paradoxus) resource, which accounts for 70% of the landed catch, has finally started on the expected road to recovery and it is anticipated that this will proceed shortly for a nunber of years. During 1983 comfort was derived from the resulting rise in catch per unit effort rates and a significant improvement in the average size of fish landed. This, together with lower fuel prices and increased operating efficiences, enable the industry to operate at lower expenditure. Unfortunately, a second successive reflection of the T.A.C. (Total Allowable Catch ) of 12% in 1983 meant that gains in productivity were not fully reflected in reduced landed costs. This year (1984) the T. A. C. was increased by 4,8% which only marginally improves the already poor situation. More serious difficulties can be traced to adverse market developments. The price of fish has fallen in real terms (see Table 1.1 below) over a number of years. However, in 1983, the industry experienced a startling fall in prices, the severity of which may be gauged from the fact that actual prices realised were roughly equal to those of 1981. (Bross, 8 May, 1984) This pattern is continuing through 1984 - as is seen in Table 1 .1, an extract from Irvin & Johnson financial results .

Dongsha Island has Taiwan¡¦s only well developed and integrated coral atoll ecosystem. The numbers of fish species and coral varieties in its waters have topped 679 and 286 respectively, which illustrates its biodiversity and wealth of fishery resources; therefore, it has drawn plenty of Chinese fishing boats to illegally enter into the area for fishing. Over the years, the fishery resources and terrain ecology of the Dongsha Island have been damaged as a result of illegal fishing. On the other hand, even though Taiwan¡¦s Coast Guard Administration in charge of patrolling the waters of the Dongsha Marine National Park, due to the vast sea area and varying depths of the atoll, the effect of the law enforcement on the vessels is limited, and cannot provide effective deterrence. By using existing information technology to gain knowledge on the distribution of the Chinese fishing boats, this study proposes to make the most of the limited law enforcement capacity to enhance the efficiency of law enforcement. With the coastal radar station established by Taiwan¡¦s Coast Guard Administration in 2003, this study scanned the waters around the clock and digitally journalized the data regarding times and locations of the voyages of the fishing boats, to further explore the time and space distribution of the Chinese fishing boats at the Dongsha atoll. Based on the annual, quarterly, monthly, day to night and tidal periods, five periods in total, this study used the Geographic Information System (GIS) to map out the distribution of the Chinese fishing boats, and probed into the distribution patterns in different times and spaces. The results will provide a scientific reference for law enforcement; it is hoped that the law will be effectively enforced and the ecological environment will be well preserved under limited resources. The study results indicate that the Chinese fishing boats operating at the Dongsha atoll are mainly small boats; a large boat can carry 10 to 30 small boats. Furthermore, the fishery catches are mainly live fish, sea cucumbers and conches, and are mostly carried back to the port by transport vessels for sale. The Chinese fishing boats often gather at two hot spots of the south atoll platform and the north atoll platform. In terms of the distribution of seasonal gathering, the study found that most of the Chinese fishing boats return home for the Chinese New Year holiday, the gathering density is higher during full moon periods and the gathering may slightly move towards the north when affected by the southwest monsoon. These results can serve as an important reference for Dongsha Marine National Park¡¦s resource management and Coast Guard Administration¡¦s sea area law enforcement.

This thesis describes a method to generate new trajectories based on historic positiondata for a given geographical area. The thesis uses AIS-data from fishing boats to first describe a method that uses DBSCAN and OPTICS algorithms to cluster the data into clustersbased on routes where the boats travel and areas where the boats fish.Here bayesian optimization has been utilized to search for parameters for the clusteringalgorithms. In this given scenario it was shown DBSCAN is better in all fields, but it hasmany points where OPTICS has the potential to become better if it was modified a bit.This is followed by a method describing how to take the clusters and build a nodenetwork that then can be traversed using a path finding algorithm combined with internalrules to generate new routes that can be used in simulations to give a realistic enoughsituation picture. Finally a method to evaluate these generated routes are described andused to compare the routes to each other

Scallops have traditionally been blast or sharp frozen. This study compared the quality of at-sea cryogenically frozen scallops with fresh and mechanically frozen scallops. A liquid CO₂ batch freezer was installed on-board the scallop boat. Samples were analyzed for microbiological, physical, chemical and sensory qualities. Sample types included fresh scallops, mechanically frozen scallops and 4 hr and 24 hr (on ice) cryogenically frozen scallops. The thaw loss mean of 4 hr cryogenically frozen scallops was 2.41 percent compared to means of 4.21 percent for 24 hr (on ice) cryogenically frozen scallops and mechanically frozen scallops, P < 0.0001. Cook loss for the 4 hr cryogenic frozen scallop was also reduced (P < 0.01) by 27 percent when baked. Cook method did not affect cook loss. Color measurements on the CIE L* a* b* scale did not differ significantly for raw or baked scallops. Instron peak force measurements had a very high standard error and therefore were not be analyzed statistically. The 4 hr cryogenically frozen scallops met the French Moisture/Protein ratio test standard of 5 (P > 0.02) but higher ratios were observed for 24 hr (on ice) cryogenically frozen scallops and mechanically frozen scallops. Scallops meeting this standard have greater export potential and the ability to attract high value markets. Variations observed in proximate composition were minor and may be due to biological factors. Sensory panelists found a significant difference (P < 0.01 to P < 0.05) among the randomly presented pairs of scallops. Over a 5 month storage period, the sensory characteristics of odor and taste of the cryogenically frozen scallops diminished and the mechanically frozen scallops were consistently scored higher. Mechanically frozen scallops had significantly lower cfu/gm for aerobic, psychrotrophic and coliform counts compared to fresh and cryogenically frozen scallops. The 4 hr cryogenically frozen scallop had lower thaw and cook loss which could have a significant economic and nutritional significance. Mechanically frozen scallops had a lower microbiological population and frozen storage for 8 months did not affect its taste or odor. Improved Sanitation and process control could establish cryogenically frozen scallops as a premium product. / Master of Science

Three different species of fish (sea trout, Spanish mackerel and catfish) were studied. Samples undergoing normal spoilage were compared with samples which had undergone a sanitizing treatment with alcohol. Differential temperature storage studies were conducted at 290 °F (-1.7 °C) and 32 °F (0 °C). Fish quality was assessed by means of microbiological, chemical and sensory analyses. Quality assessment via measurement of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes was attempted, but these enzyme activities were not detected in any of the samples. It was not possible to differentiate between the contributions of microbial and autolytic spoilage. Alcohol treated samples (reduced numbers of microorganisms) had shelf-lives extended by 6-10 days over untreated samples. The shelf-life of samples stored at 290 °F was extended by 6-10 days over the shelf-life of samples stored at 32 °F. Treated samples stored at 290 °F received highest sensory scores and untreated samples stored at 320 °F received the lowest scores. It was seen that the three fish species studied had different shelf-lives: sea trout-6 days, Spanish mackerel - 10 days and catfish - 16 days. Decomposition rates differed significantly between species and this factor must be taken into account when marketing strategies are developed by firms engaged in fresh fish sales. / Master of Science

Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar as mudanças ocorridas nas condições de vida da população humana, na comunidade Canto do Mangue em Canguaretama (RN), e as possíveis relações com a introdução da carcinicultura a partir de 1980. Foram utilizadas técnicas de pesquisa qualitativa (análise documental, entrevistas e observações in loco) e quantitativa (análise de tendência central, dispersão e correlação). Constatou-se que as alterações ocorridas no espaço local estão associadas às pressões ocasionadas por fatores de ordens externa e interna, como a implantação e expansão dos projetos de carcinicultura, que levaram ao avanço da especulação imobiliária e intensificaram o desmatamento das áreas de manguezais ao longo do estuário do rio Curimataú/Cunhaú, contribuindo para o abandono da agricultura de subsistência nessa comunidade, além de estar levando também ao abandono da pesca artesanal, por conseguinte, a perda dos saberes da tradição aplicados na realização dessa atividade. Verificou-se, ainda, que as alterações no uso do território e dos recursos ameaçam a biodiversidade e têm contribuído para a redução dos estoques pesqueiros do município de Canguaretama e, conseqüentemente, do Canto do Mangue, sobretudo o estoque de caranguejo-uçá (Ucides cardatus). Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a produção em larga escala numa economia de mercado, como se constitui a carcinicultura, desconsidera a busca de equilíbrio nas configurações territoriais. Assim, as perturbações ambientais decorrentes da carcinicultura têm conseqüências de dimensões sócio-culturais, afetando diretamente o modo de vida dos moradores do Canto do Mangue. As empresas de camarão têm absorvido parte dos pescadores que estão deixando a atividade pesqueira. No entanto, o baixo nível de escolaridade associado à idade são fatores que deixam muitos deles fora do quadro de funcionários dessas empresas. Portanto, há necessidade de se criar condições que possibilitem o desenvolvimento da carcinicultura sem colocar em risco a sustentabilidade da região. / The objective of this research was to analyze the changes occurred in the conditions of life in the human population, at community Canto do Mangue in Canguaretama (RN), and also their possible relationships with the introduction of the shrimp creation in captivity after 1980. Techniques of qualitative research were used (documentary analysis, interviews and observation in locus ) and quantitative (analysis of central trend, dispersion and correlation). It was evidenced that the occurred alterations in the local space are associated to the pressures caused by factors of external and internal order, such as implantation and expansion of the creation of shrimp in captivity projects. This led to the advance of the real estate speculation and intensified the deforestation of mangroves areas at the estuary of the river Curimataú/Cunhaú. It contributed to the abandon of the agriculture of subsistence in this community, as well as of handcraft fishing activity. Consequently, there was a loss of knowing traditional in the accomplishment of this activity. It was still verified that alterations in the use of territory and the resources threaten biodiversity and have contributed to the reduction of fishing supplies boats of the community of Canguaretama and consequently, the decrease of the quantity of shrimp (Ucides cardatus) at Canto do Mangue. The results allowed to conclude that the production in wide scale inside market economy, it disrespects the search of balance in the territorial configurations. Thus, the environmental disturbances caused by the shrimp creation of in captivity have social and cultural consequences, affecting directly the way of life of the Canto do Mangue inhabitants. The shrimp companies have employed part of the fishermen that are leaving the fishing activities, however the low level of scholarship and old age are factors that leave them out of team of employees of these companies. Therefore, conditions should be created to make possible to conciliate the shrimp creation in captivity and sustentability of the region.

Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar as mudanças ocorridas nas condições de vida da população humana, na comunidade Canto do Mangue em Canguaretama (RN), e as possíveis relações com a introdução da carcinicultura a partir de 1980. Foram utilizadas técnicas de pesquisa qualitativa (análise documental, entrevistas e observações in loco) e quantitativa (análise de tendência central, dispersão e correlação). Constatou-se que as alterações ocorridas no espaço local estão associadas às pressões ocasionadas por fatores de ordens externa e interna, como a implantação e expansão dos projetos de carcinicultura, que levaram ao avanço da especulação imobiliária e intensificaram o desmatamento das áreas de manguezais ao longo do estuário do rio Curimataú/Cunhaú, contribuindo para o abandono da agricultura de subsistência nessa comunidade, além de estar levando também ao abandono da pesca artesanal, por conseguinte, a perda dos saberes da tradição aplicados na realização dessa atividade. Verificou-se, ainda, que as alterações no uso do território e dos recursos ameaçam a biodiversidade e têm contribuído para a redução dos estoques pesqueiros do município de Canguaretama e, conseqüentemente, do Canto do Mangue, sobretudo o estoque de caranguejo-uçá (Ucides cardatus). Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a produção em larga escala numa economia de mercado, como se constitui a carcinicultura, desconsidera a busca de equilíbrio nas configurações territoriais. Assim, as perturbações ambientais decorrentes da carcinicultura têm conseqüências de dimensões sócio-culturais, afetando diretamente o modo de vida dos moradores do Canto do Mangue. As empresas de camarão têm absorvido parte dos pescadores que estão deixando a atividade pesqueira. No entanto, o baixo nível de escolaridade associado à idade são fatores que deixam muitos deles fora do quadro de funcionários dessas empresas. Portanto, há necessidade de se criar condições que possibilitem o desenvolvimento da carcinicultura sem colocar em risco a sustentabilidade da região. / The objective of this research was to analyze the changes occurred in the conditions of life in the human population, at community Canto do Mangue in Canguaretama (RN), and also their possible relationships with the introduction of the shrimp creation in captivity after 1980. Techniques of qualitative research were used (documentary analysis, interviews and observation in locus ) and quantitative (analysis of central trend, dispersion and correlation). It was evidenced that the occurred alterations in the local space are associated to the pressures caused by factors of external and internal order, such as implantation and expansion of the creation of shrimp in captivity projects. This led to the advance of the real estate speculation and intensified the deforestation of mangroves areas at the estuary of the river Curimataú/Cunhaú. It contributed to the abandon of the agriculture of subsistence in this community, as well as of handcraft fishing activity. Consequently, there was a loss of knowing traditional in the accomplishment of this activity. It was still verified that alterations in the use of territory and the resources threaten biodiversity and have contributed to the reduction of fishing supplies boats of the community of Canguaretama and consequently, the decrease of the quantity of shrimp (Ucides cardatus) at Canto do Mangue. The results allowed to conclude that the production in wide scale inside market economy, it disrespects the search of balance in the territorial configurations. Thus, the environmental disturbances caused by the shrimp creation of in captivity have social and cultural consequences, affecting directly the way of life of the Canto do Mangue inhabitants. The shrimp companies have employed part of the fishermen that are leaving the fishing activities, however the low level of scholarship and old age are factors that leave them out of team of employees of these companies. Therefore, conditions should be created to make possible to conciliate the shrimp creation in captivity and sustentability of the region.