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The inhibitor of DNA binding protein 4 (ID4) is a dominant negative regulator of basic helix loop helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors.1 Recently, Patel et al., demonstrated that inhibitor of differentiation 4 (ID4) acts as a tumor suppressor and its loss, frequently observed in prostate cancer, promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through constitutive androgen receptor (AR) activation.2 However, the mechanism by which loss of ID4 promotes constitutively active AR signaling in the CRPC conditions is unknown. The rationale of the present study was to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms through which loss of ID4 potentiates AR signaling in this setting. Initially, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay results demonstrated a significant increase in binding of AR to its respective response elements on PSA, FKBP51, TMPRSS2, and ETV1 promoters in L(-)ID4 cells, further implicating constitutive AR activity. Among the notable findings, proteomic profiling between prostate cancer cell line LNCaP (L+ns) and LNCaP lacking ID4 (L(-)ID4) revealed elevated protein levels of Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and the 52-kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP52), suggesting a role for these AR-associated co-chaperones in promoting constitutively active AR signaling in L(-)ID4 cells. Interestingly, protein interaction studies further confirmed a direct interaction between ID4 and FKBP52 in vitro but not with AR. Recent evidences suggest that FKBP52 is a positive regulator of AR signaling in cellular and whole animal models.3-6 Thus, we hypothesized that ID4 acts as a tumor suppressor by selectively regulating AR activity through interaction with FKBP52. To address the underlying mechanism, we blocked the FKBP52-AR signaling using a specific inhibitory compound known as MJC13.4, 6-7 The results demonstrated that MJC13 effectively inhibited AR-dependent expression and activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, xenograft studies further confirmed that inhibiting FKBP52-regulated AR activity via MJC13 significantly attenuated the growth of subcutaneous L(-)ID4 xenografts in vivo. Collectively, our results suggested that ID4 selectively regulates AR activity through direct interaction with FKBP52 in vitro, and, its loss promotes CRPC through FKBP52-mediated AR signaling. Increased AR signaling along with a subsequent decrease in ID4 expression levels in prostate cancer strongly supports this model.

Nous nous sommes intéressés à plusieurs protéines impliquées dans la maladie d’Alzheimer, notamment la protéine FKBP52, la calmoduline et le ROα. Nous nous sommes attachés à apporter quelques éléments de réponse quant à la formation d'un éventuel hétérocomplexe ROα/Ca4CaM/FKBP52. Dans une première partie, nous avons voulu étudier quelques bases moléculaires de l'interaction entre FKBP52 et la Ca4CaM, afin de mieux comprendre la pertinence biologique de cette affinité. Après avoir produit différents domaines de la protéine FKBP52 et la Ca4CaM, différentes techniques d’interaction protéine/protéine ont été utilisées. L'approche protéique de ce travail a été confortée par une approche peptidique. Elles ont permis de cibler le troisième domaine comme lieu de l’interaction. Pour la première fois, il a été totalement attribué par RMN et les sites concernés par l’interaction ont pu être discriminés. Par ailleurs, il a été montré que le premier domaine de FKBP52 pouvait interagir intermoléculairement avec ROα, par un motif en coude β de type II. Le ROα est un facteur de transcription dont l'activité dépend d'un certain nombre de coactivateurs parmi lesquels Ca4CaM. Le peptide issu de la séquence de recrutement de la calmoduline au sein du ROα (séquence 298-310) a fait l’objet au sein du groupe de nombreuses publications. Il a été montré que ce peptide possédait un caractère amyloïde. Bien qu’il n’existe aucun lien apparent entre cette caractéristique et une quelconque pathologie associée, la cinétique de formation des fibres issues de ce peptide dans différentes conditions de pH et de concentrations a été étudiée. / We are interested in several proteins involved in the Alzheimer disease, in particular the FKBP52, calmodulin and ERα. We have provided some answers concerning the formation of a possible ROα/Ca4CaM/FKBP52 heterocomplex. In a first part, we wanted to study the molecular basis of the interaction between FKBP52 and Ca4CaM, to better understand the biological relevance of this affinity. After producing different domains of the FKBP52 protein and Ca4CaM, various techniques such as ITC, SPR, fluorescence or NMR were used. The protein approach of this work was supported by a peptide based study. These approaches have made it possible to target the third domain as the place of interaction. For the first time, the TPR domain was assigned by NMR spectroscopy and the sequences involved in the interaction could be discriminated. Furthermore, it was shown that the first domain of FKBP52 could interact intermolecularly with the ROα, by a type II β-turn motif. ROα is a transcription factor whose activity depends on a number of coactivators including Ca4CaM. The peptide resulting from the recruitment sequence of calmodulin within ROα (sequence 298-310) has been the subject of numerous publications within the group. It has been shown that this peptide has an amyloid character. Although there is no apparent link between this feature and any associated pathology, the kinetics of fiber formation from this peptide under different pH and concentration conditions has been studied.