Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Kungliga tekniska högskolan, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Oldenburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 1999. / Dateiformat: zip, Dateien im PDF-Format.

Dissertation--Literaturwissenschaft--München, 1978. / Bibliogr. p. 312-332.

Atualmente, a Alfabetização Científica e a Natureza da Ciência são perspectivas de reconhecida importância no Ensino de Ciências, a serem utilizadas com o objetivo de formar cidadãos responsáveis, críticos, reflexivos e atuantes na sociedade. No entanto, apesar do reconhecimento da importância dessas perspectivas, há pouco consenso sobre o seu significado, como elas devem ser ensinadas e em que medida elas realmente contribuem para o exercício da cidadania. Muitos desses questionamentos se devem à falta de uma abordagem histórico-social, que leve em conta, além dos fatores sociais que influenciam a ciência, os fatores que influenciam na apropriação e na circulação do conhecimento científico em meios não-científicos. Nesse contexto, podemos destacar os diferentes usos e interpretações dos conceitos e da teoria da Física Quântica que vêm sido feitos nas últimas décadas em meios não-científicos, culminando no fenômeno cultural denominado misticismo quântico. Trata-se de um exemplo concreto de um conhecimento científico, que foi apropriado e adquiriu novos significados e interpretações, ao circular no meio sociocultural. Os novos usos adquiridos por essa teoria são considerados, principalmente por cientistas e educadores de ciências, como sendo inapropriados, porém pouco se sabe sobre sua origem e sobre o seu processo de difusão no meio social. O presente trabalho investiga as possíveis origens histórico-sociais e os processos de difusão dos diferentes usos e interpretações da Física Quântica e a gênese da sua relação com o misticismo, tomando como principal referencial teórico a epistemologia do médico e filósofo da ciência Ludwik Fleck, acerca da circulação do conhecimento. Também se fará a Análise do Discurso de dois livros místicos que utilizam a Física Quântica, a fim de compreender as características que esse fenômeno assumiu mais recentemente. A partir disso, se fará uma reflexão acerca das implicações desse estudo para o Ensino de Ciências, mais especificamente sobre os objetivos da Alfabetização Científica e de se trabalhar a Natureza da Ciência em sala de aula. / Currently, scientific literacy and Nature of Science are two Science Education perspectives of recognized importance. They aim to train people to be responsible, critical, reflexive and active citizens. However, besides the recognition of their importance, there is no consensus about what exactly they mean, on how they must be taught, and if they really contribute for practicing citizenship. Many of these questions are due to a lack of a social-historical approach that includes social factors which influence science, and elements that influence on appropriation and circulation of scientific knowledge on non-scientific groups. In this context, the different uses and interpretation of Quantum Physics that have been made by non-scientific groups in the last decades are highlighted. These uses and interpretations culminated on the cultural phenomenon called quantum mysticism. This is a concrete example of a scientific knowledge that was appropriated and that acquired new meanings and interpretation, when it circulated on society. These new uses acquired by this theory are usually considered as inappropriate by scientists and science educators. However, little is known about its origins and about its diffusion processes in society. The present work investigates the possible social-historical origins and the diffusion processes of the different uses and interpretations of Quantum Physics and the genesis of its relationship with mysticism. For this, we based the research on the epistemology of the philosopher of science Ludwik Fleck, about the circulation of knowledge. And, to understand better the more actual characteristics of this cultural phenomenon, we also make the Discourse Analysis of two mystical books that talk about Quantum Physics. Based on this analysis, we also show the possible implications of this study to Science Education, more specifically about the objectives of scientific literacy and of teaching about the Nature of Science.

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo identificar e caracterizar as pesquisas em Ensino de Química desenvolvidas na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), no período de 2006 a 2009, em três cenários distintos. O primeiro cenário consiste no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação, da Faculdade de Educação. O segundo cenário é constituído pelos Programas de Pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências, que corresponde à recente área de Ensino da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). O terceiro cenário abrange os Programas de Pós-graduação em Química dos Institutos de Química, que desenvolvem pesquisas sobre o ensino. Foram analisadas cinqüenta e cinco Dissertações e Teses sobre Ensino de Química, considerando os problemas de pesquisa tratados, o conhecimento químico envolvido, o foco temático, os referenciais teórico e metodológico utilizados, os procedimentos adotados, a sistematização dos resultados e o curso de pós-graduação de origem do trabalho. A análise e discussão dos dados obtidos foram realizadas com base na teoria sobre a construção do conhecimento científico apresentada por Fleck (2010). Entre os principais resultados, verificou-se que as diferentes áreas da pós-graduação formam dois principais coletivos de pensamento sobre o Ensino de Química. Há uma diversidade de problemas, focos temáticos e referenciais abordados nas Dissertações e Teses analisadas. O estilo de pensamento comum em todas as áreas da pós-graduação refere-se aos instrumentos e procedimentos de coleta, assim como ao tratamento dos dados e à forma de apresentação de resultados. / This Dissertation aims to identify and to describe some aspects concerning the research on Chemical Education developed between 2006 and 2009 in three graduate programs at the University of São Paulo (Brazil). One of these Graduate Programs is oriented towards Science Teaching while this subject is one of the research lines on Education, and on Chemistry programs. Fifty-five Theses and Dissertations on Chemical Education were analyzed, considering the research problems, the chemical knowledge involved, the thematic focus, the theoretical and methodological frameworks used, the procedures adopted, the systematization of the results and the graduate program whereof the academic degree was obtained. The analysis and discussion of data involved were based on the theory concerning scientific knowledge presented by Fleck (2010). These graduate courses constitute two main thought collectives in Chemical Education, out of various issues, thematic focus and most used quotes found in the Master Theses and Dissertations analyzed. Instruments and procedures to collect data, as well as its processing and the presentation of results, show common patterns of thought in all these graduate areas, as well as the processing of data and the presentation of results.

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo identificar e caracterizar as pesquisas em Ensino de Química desenvolvidas na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), no período de 2006 a 2009, em três cenários distintos. O primeiro cenário consiste no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação, da Faculdade de Educação. O segundo cenário é constituído pelos Programas de Pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências, que corresponde à recente área de Ensino da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). O terceiro cenário abrange os Programas de Pós-graduação em Química dos Institutos de Química, que desenvolvem pesquisas sobre o ensino. Foram analisadas cinqüenta e cinco Dissertações e Teses sobre Ensino de Química, considerando os problemas de pesquisa tratados, o conhecimento químico envolvido, o foco temático, os referenciais teórico e metodológico utilizados, os procedimentos adotados, a sistematização dos resultados e o curso de pós-graduação de origem do trabalho. A análise e discussão dos dados obtidos foram realizadas com base na teoria sobre a construção do conhecimento científico apresentada por Fleck (2010). Entre os principais resultados, verificou-se que as diferentes áreas da pós-graduação formam dois principais coletivos de pensamento sobre o Ensino de Química. Há uma diversidade de problemas, focos temáticos e referenciais abordados nas Dissertações e Teses analisadas. O estilo de pensamento comum em todas as áreas da pós-graduação refere-se aos instrumentos e procedimentos de coleta, assim como ao tratamento dos dados e à forma de apresentação de resultados. / This Dissertation aims to identify and to describe some aspects concerning the research on Chemical Education developed between 2006 and 2009 in three graduate programs at the University of São Paulo (Brazil). One of these Graduate Programs is oriented towards Science Teaching while this subject is one of the research lines on Education, and on Chemistry programs. Fifty-five Theses and Dissertations on Chemical Education were analyzed, considering the research problems, the chemical knowledge involved, the thematic focus, the theoretical and methodological frameworks used, the procedures adopted, the systematization of the results and the graduate program whereof the academic degree was obtained. The analysis and discussion of data involved were based on the theory concerning scientific knowledge presented by Fleck (2010). These graduate courses constitute two main thought collectives in Chemical Education, out of various issues, thematic focus and most used quotes found in the Master Theses and Dissertations analyzed. Instruments and procedures to collect data, as well as its processing and the presentation of results, show common patterns of thought in all these graduate areas, as well as the processing of data and the presentation of results.

<p>The present thesis is based on a scientifically informed reading of Fleck. In addition to the monograph, the material includes his additional philosophical writings and also his internationally published scientific articles. The sources provided by Fleck have been traced back to the time of their origin. Based on the above material, it is argued that rather than relativizing science, and thereby deeply influencing Kuhn, Fleck, attempting to participate in the current debates, is an ardent proponent of science, offering an internal account of its pursuit that accords with his often-contested epistemic concepts. The exposure of his description of the Wassermann reaction discloses a highly selected reading of the, at the time, available sources, but also its relation to the current debate on Einzelwissenschaften, or the standing of new emerging disciplines versus age-old ones, all occasioned by the remarkable progress of science that also affected philosophy. The divide between philosophers and scientists on the philosophical implications of modern physics is exposed as well as Fleck’s heuristic use of the latter topic in his epistemology. A more realistic account of his scientific accomplishment is provided that includes the unfeasibility of the manufacturing of an anti-typhus vaccine based on urine. It is finally argued that the modern interpretation, or the received humanist view of Fleck, is based on the, at the time of the rediscovery of the monograph, already endorsed program of STS writers opposing a scientifically informed reading of his texts.</p>

This essays aim is to investigate the possibilities of subjective interpretation of Lgr11, the Swedish curriculum for elementary school. The assignment that the Swedish authority Skolverket got in 2009, was to create a curriculum that would grant that the students achievements would not be influenced by any subjective opinions and that all elementary schools in Sweden will give an equivalent education. In the Government bill this is a theme throughout the text and the Minister of Education has also claimed that this document will leave very limited space for subjective reading and interpretation. He says that Lgr11, in contrast to the previous curriculim Lpo94, will clarify what the purpose of the different subjects is and on what grounds the assessment of the students should be based. The method used is the literary theories of reader – response as they are expressed by Literarycriticist Stanley Fish. To access a deeper perspective I also apply the ideas of thoughtcollectives as they are formulated by Epistemologist Ludwik Fleck. This essay indicates that there are complex problems in the text and argues that it contains valueladen, abstract words, contradictions and interpretable language. It illustrates problems that this can lead to when different readingcommunities and thoughtcollectives shall come to an agreement about what the text really means and how the students performance will be assessed.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, 2008. / Submitted by wesley oliveira leite (leite.wesley@yahoo.com.br) on 2009-09-15T18:24:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_NabihaHaddadSimoesMachado.pdf: 1483402 bytes, checksum: 9bd1c370147edaf62a32f4754be12665 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luanna Maia(luanna@bce.unb.br) on 2010-01-28T14:15:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_NabihaHaddadSimoesMachado.pdf: 1483402 bytes, checksum: 9bd1c370147edaf62a32f4754be12665 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-01-28T14:15:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_NabihaHaddadSimoesMachado.pdf: 1483402 bytes, checksum: 9bd1c370147edaf62a32f4754be12665 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A história da educação superior no Brasil registra que os primeiros cursos superiores brasileiros foram estabelecidos no início do século XIX. Hoje, o país conta com um sistema complexo de instituições públicas e privadas que, independentemente da sua forma de organização acadêmica, apresentam a formação profissional como meta comum. Embora as universidades públicas, especialmente os programas de pós-graduação, concentrem o maior número de pesquisas no Brasil, a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional no 9394/96 incentiva e orienta o desenvolvimento de pesquisas durante a formação profissional, ao estabelecer as finalidades da educação superior. Esta dissertação trata do ensinar e do aprender a fazer pesquisa, a partir da análise das atividades desenvolvidas por um componente curricular, chamado “Método Tutorial de Aprendizagem”, de um curso de graduação em Farmácia, do Distrito Federal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir as possíveis dificuldades de se refletir sobre a natureza da produção do conhecimento científico, durante o desenvolvimento das atividades propostas para o referido componente curricular, segundo a abordagem epistemológica de Ludwik Fleck. Para alcançá-lo, foram utilizados os seguintes procedimentos de pesquisa: observação das atividades de dois grupos tutoriais; aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, envolvendo alunos e tutores dos grupos observados; análise de documentos. A análise dos dados permitiu-nos concluir que a pesquisa desenvolvida pelos alunos pode ser caracterizada como pesquisa didática e que as atividades tutoriais não estão promovendo a compreensão da natureza da produção do conhecimento científico, embora promovam oportunidades, a partir das quais podem ser desenvolvidas habilidades importantes na formação de um profissional. Como reflexão final desta investigação, conclui-se que seria oportuno discutir a natureza da produção do conhecimento com os alunos, tomando como base, dentre outras, a perspectiva epistemológica de Ludwik Fleck. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The history of higher education in Brazil shows in its records that the first higher education courses were established in the beginning of the nineteenth century. Nowadays, the country has a complex system of public and private institutions which share a common goal of professional formation, regardless of their academic organization. Although public universities concentrate the largest amount of research done in Brazil, in special in their graduate programs, the Brazilian Law of Guidelines and Bases for Education number 9394/96 stimulates and guides the development of research during professional formation as it establishes the goals of higher education. This dissertation deals with teaching and learning to research from the analysis of activities performed in a curricular component, which is called the “Tutorial Method of Learning”, within a pharmacy undergraduate program in the Federal District. The goal of the work was to discuss the possible difficulties of reflecting on the nature of the production of scientific knowledge, while performing the proposed activities for the aforementioned curricular component, following the epistemological approach of Ludwik Fleck. In order to reach it, the following research procedures were used: observation of the activities of two tutorial groups; answering of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, involving students and tutors from the observed groups; and analysis of documents. The analysis of documents allowed us to conclude that the research performed by the students may be classified as didactic research and that the tutorial activities have not been promoting the comprehension of the nature of the production of scientific knowledge, even though they offer opportunities for the development of important skills in the formation of a professional. As a final reflection of this investigation, we conclude that it is necessary to discuss the nature of the production of scientific knowledge with students, using as basis the epistemological perspective of Ludwik Fleck.

The present thesis is based on a scientifically informed reading of Fleck. In addition to the monograph, the material includes his additional philosophical writings and also his internationally published scientific articles. The sources provided by Fleck have been traced back to the time of their origin. Based on the above material, it is argued that rather than relativizing science, and thereby deeply influencing Kuhn, Fleck, attempting to participate in the current debates, is an ardent proponent of science, offering an internal account of its pursuit that accords with his often-contested epistemic concepts. The exposure of his description of the Wassermann reaction discloses a highly selected reading of the, at the time, available sources, but also its relation to the current debate on Einzelwissenschaften, or the standing of new emerging disciplines versus age-old ones, all occasioned by the remarkable progress of science that also affected philosophy. The divide between philosophers and scientists on the philosophical implications of modern physics is exposed as well as Fleck’s heuristic use of the latter topic in his epistemology. A more realistic account of his scientific accomplishment is provided that includes the unfeasibility of the manufacturing of an anti-typhus vaccine based on urine. It is finally argued that the modern interpretation, or the received humanist view of Fleck, is based on the, at the time of the rediscovery of the monograph, already endorsed program of STS writers opposing a scientifically informed reading of his texts. / QC 20101130