Intestinal flora of wild chimpanzee has not been studied. Fecal flora analyses currently give insight to this environment. We collected feces from twelve human-habituated wild chimpanzees in each of three age groups: four juveniles, four sub-adults, and four adults. We analyzed fecal samples using Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) of amplified 16S rRNA genes to determine bacterial diversity present. Between 1 and 14 terminal-restriction fragments (T-RFs) were observed in each sample. A total of 26 unique T-RFs were produced from the samples and ranged in size from 92 to 837 base pairs (bps). Twenty-four of these T-RFs corresponded to five bacterial phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Mollicutes, and Proteobacteria, as well as uncultured and unidentified bacterial species. The remaining T-RFs corresponded solely to uncultured or unidentified bacteria. Firmicutes was the most common phylum, observed in 11 of the samples. Bacteroidetes was the second-most common phylum, detected in 8 of the samples. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) revealed a discrete clustering of 10 samples when looking at components one and two, and a clustering of 11 samples when looking at component three. These three components accounted for 72.5% of the variation within the data. Morisita indices were computed to compare T-RF profiles of two samples at a time, and were between 0 and 0.886. Results indicated that some fecal bacterial profiles were similar in the study group, but ultimately varied between samples when compared two at a time. Specific diet, physiology, and environmental reservoir exposure may play large roles in shaping such profiles. / Master of Science

The water physico-chemistry, hydrology and plant communities in the Montgomeryshire Canal were examined for evidence of successional phenomena over a five year period and comparisons were made with previous studies. Plant communities changed in a manner which suggested that classical successional ideas were applicable to canals. The changes were readily distinguishable when a period of twenty years had passed but as the examined period was decreased the complexity of the sequence became more apparent. In a single year there were changes in the plant communities. A later stage of succession was indicated as the number of changes increased and the available energy and habitat niches were filled. Succession did not take place in a slow orderly manner but progressed as a series of jumps when the plants were released from inhibitory factors. These sudden changes were promoted by changes in the habitat due to climatic variation, removal of grazers or alterations in the water level. Where the most important inhibitory factors were unchanging, the succession proceeded to a climax community decided by those factors. The physico-chemical factors affecting the canal changed during the study period. The canal became more acidic due to the effects of a cold wet spring. The underwater light climate in un-navigated lengths was determined more by the amount of shade upon the water surface than by any other factor. Levels of suspended solids were relatively unimportant. Established plant communities showed a great resistance to change, despite being subjected to traumatic perturbations. Skim dredging of a site with a well established community structure did not change the course of the succession, but removed inhibiting factors such as anoxic material or grazing and promoted a more rapid change to reedswamp. In the .long term falling water levels had the same effect as raising of the bottom due to infill, but in the two routes towards a less aquatic system were different. Infill led to a moving band of depth sensitive plants whilst loss of water encouraged rapid creation of a reedswamp. The study confirmed that limited navigation is not detrimental to the species composition or the productivity. Eutrophication was a limiting factor creating an unique climax community.

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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo geral sobre as formas de vegetais fósseis que ocorrem na Formação Rio Bonito no Estado do Paraná. São descritas quatro espécies novas: Sphenophyllum brasiliensis, Annularia readi, A. occidentalis e Asterotheca derbyi. Verificou-se que Pecopteris cambuhyensis Read e P. pedrasica Read correspondem a frondres estéreis de uma só espécie A. campuhyensis (Read) n. comb. As demais espécies são submetidas a um estudo crítico, com base no exame das coleções organizadas com essa finalidade. Uma lista da composição florística dessas camadas é elaborada. Essa composição revelou-se muito peculiar em relação às demais conhecidas para a Bacia do Paraná. Entre as diferentes ocorrências no Gondwana, essa associação apresenta maior afinidade com a flora permiana da Patagônia. Notou-se grande abundância de formas \"nórdicas\", representadas principalmente por Asterotheca, além de Sphenophyllum, Annularia, Pecopteris e Sphenopteris. Considera-se aspectos ligados a possíveis antigos fluxos migratórios dessas formas. É sugerida a idade permiana inferior para a base da Formação Rio Bonito. Considerações sobre a gênese das camadas que contêm a flora estudada são feitas neste trabalho. / Not available.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo geral sobre as formas de vegetais fósseis que ocorrem na Formação Rio Bonito no Estado do Paraná. São descritas quatro espécies novas: Sphenophyllum brasiliensis, Annularia readi, A. occidentalis e Asterotheca derbyi. Verificou-se que Pecopteris cambuhyensis Read e P. pedrasica Read correspondem a frondres estéreis de uma só espécie A. campuhyensis (Read) n. comb. As demais espécies são submetidas a um estudo crítico, com base no exame das coleções organizadas com essa finalidade. Uma lista da composição florística dessas camadas é elaborada. Essa composição revelou-se muito peculiar em relação às demais conhecidas para a Bacia do Paraná. Entre as diferentes ocorrências no Gondwana, essa associação apresenta maior afinidade com a flora permiana da Patagônia. Notou-se grande abundância de formas \"nórdicas\", representadas principalmente por Asterotheca, além de Sphenophyllum, Annularia, Pecopteris e Sphenopteris. Considera-se aspectos ligados a possíveis antigos fluxos migratórios dessas formas. É sugerida a idade permiana inferior para a base da Formação Rio Bonito. Considerações sobre a gênese das camadas que contêm a flora estudada são feitas neste trabalho. / Not available.

Submitted by Jorge Cativo (jorge.cativo@inpa.gov.br) on 2018-08-23T15:13:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Paulo_Sobreira(2018).pdf: 2562400 bytes, checksum: 62ab374047459604ec08655c31ec5bee (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:13:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Paulo_Sobreira(2018).pdf: 2562400 bytes, checksum: 62ab374047459604ec08655c31ec5bee (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The bryophytes and pteridophytes comprise an artificial group called cryptogamae which are plants that reproduce by spores and the present bryophytes are a paraphyletic group composed of three lineages. The pteridophytes comprise two lineages of plants the licophytes and the ferns. This work had as objective to analyze the richness and composition of bryophytes and pteridophytes between white sand and terra firme forests at two localities in Central Amazonia. The samples were collected in 16 plots of 500 m² each located in two sample sites in the northern state of Amazonas: Sussuarana falls and Reserva Ducke. The plots were divided into eight for each sampling site, four on white sand and four in terra firme. The collected samples were incorporated into INPA, HFSL and UPCB herbaria. A total of 146 species (101 bryophytes and 45 pteridophytes) were identified. The most diverse bryophyte families were Lejeuneaceae and Calymperaceae, while for the pteridophytes were Hymenophyllaceae and Polypodiaceae. The plots of white sand forest on this regional scale were more diverse than the terra firme plots. For the pteridophytes it was observed that the composition of species were influenced by the habitat change, and the plots of the same phytophysiognomy (white sand and terra firme) were more similar to each other, even though they were more geographically distant, this did not occur clearly in the bryophytes where especially the plots of white sand tended to be less similar due to the geographic distance. It was also observed that there was a positive correlation between richness of bryophytes and pteridophytes. / As briófitas e pteridófitas compreendem um grupo artificial denominado de criptógamas que são plantas que se reproduzem por esporos sendo que as briófitas atuais são um grupo parafilético composto por três filos. Já as pteridófitas compreendem duas linhagens de plantas as licófitas e as samambaias. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a riqueza e composição de briófitas e pteridófitas entre campinarana e terra firme em duas localidades na Amazônia central. O material foi coletado em 16 parcelas de 500 m² cada localizadas em dois sítios amostrais no norte do estado do Amazonas, na Cachoeira da Sussuarana e na Reserva Ducke. As parcelas foram divididas em oito para cada sitio amostral sendo quatro em terra firme e quatro em campinarana. As amostras coletadas foram incorporadas nos herbários INPA, HFSL e UPCB. Foram identificadas um total de 146 espécies (101 briófitas e 45 pteridófitas). As famílias de briófitas mais diversificadas foram Lejeuneaceae e Calymperaceae, enquanto que para as pteridófitas foram Hymenophyllaceae e Polypodiaceae. As parcelas de campinarana nessa escala regional foram mais diversas que as parcelas de terra firme. Para as pteridófitas observou-se que a composição de espécies sofre influência na mudança de habitat sendo que as parcelas da mesma fitofisionomia (campinarana e terra firme) foram mais similares entre si, mesmo estando mais distantes geograficamente isto não ocorreu de forma evidente nas briófitas onde principalmente as parcelas de campinarana tenderam a ser menos similares em função da distância geográfica. Foi observado também, que houve uma correlação positiva entre riqueza de briófitas e pteridófitas