Analyses of fluid inclusions and microstructures within the Papoose Flat pluton were used to investigate the chemistry and temperatures of fluids circulating with the pluton during cooling. Based on previous microstructural analyses, the interior of this late Cretaceous granitic to granodioritic pluton has been divided into three domains: i) a central core characterized by magmatic microstructures, ii) a middle domain of high temperature (>500°C) solid-state deformation, and iii) an outermost domain characterized by relatively low temperature (<5000°C) solid-state deformation. According to previously published anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analyses and pluton cooling models, plastic flow occurred in both the outer part of the pluton and within its aureole rocks while the core of the pluton was still molten. Solid-state deformation is proposed to have stopped when the pluton interior cooled through its solidus less than 100,000 years after magma emplacement. Microstructural analysis of samples from all three domains confirmed the transition from magmatic flow in the core of the pluton to solid-state deformation at the pluton margin. However, weakly developed solid-state microstructures overprint the dominant magmatic microstructures in samples from the core domain. The existence of solid-state microstructures in all three domains indicates that deformation continued during and after crystallization of the interior of the pluton. Two phase, low salinity (< 26 wt% NaCl equivalent), liquid-rich aqueous fluid inclusions predominate within both quartz and feldspar grains in all samples. Throughout the pluton, the majority of fluid inclusions are hosted by deformed grains. Feldspar-hosted primary inclusions are associated with sericitic alteration. Inclusions were also observed in feldspar as secondary or pseudosecondary inclusions along fractures. Inclusions in quartz are frequently found near lobate grain boundaries or near triple junctions; linear pseudosecondary inclusion assemblages are commonly truncated against lobate boundaries between adjacent quartz grains, indicating that discrete microcracking events occurred during plastic deformation. Homogenization temperatures overlap for all three microstructural domains. Coexisting andalusite and cordierite in the contact aureole, and the intersection of the Mus + Qtz dehydration reaction with the granite solidus, indicate trapping pressures between 3.8 and 4.2 kb. Ninety-eight percent of the calculated fluid inclusion trapping temperatures at 3.8 - 4.2 kb are below the granite solidus of 650°C. Seventy-six percent of the trapping temperature data fall within the more restricted range of 350-500°C; i.e. at temperatures which are lower than the commonly cited brittle-ductile transition temperatures for feldspar at natural strain rates, but above those for quartz. No correlation could be established between trapping temperatures and either host mineral or microstructural domain within the pluton. The similar, relatively low trapping temperatures indicate that the majority of inclusions preserved in all three domains were trapped during the late low strain magnitude stages of solid-state deformation. The most common fluid inclusion trapping temperatures (400-500°C) in all three microstructural domains are similar to the deformation temperatures indicated by microstructures and crystal fabrics in the outer part of the pluton; these trapping temperatures are obviously lower than temperatures associated with contemporaneous solid state and magmatic flow in the pluton interior. The similar trapping temperatures within the pluton core and margin must indicate that the inclusion-trapping event migrated from the margin to the core of the pluton as it cooled, because fluid inclusions would rapidly equilibrate to a density appropriate for the PT conditions of their host minerals. / Master of Science

The Ditrău Alkaline Massif (Romania) is located in the Eastern Carpathians, as an intrusion in the Bukovina nappe system of the Mesozoic crystalline zone. Nepheline syenites are the most abundant rocks occurring in the central and eastern part of the Massif, and represent the youngest intrusion of the complex. Petrographic observations and fluid inclusion studies were performed on nepheline syenites in order to examine the evolution and the effect of the magmatic fluids on the alteration of nepheline to secondary minerals as sodalite, cancrinite and analcime. Fluid inclusion studies in nepheline, aegirine, albite and cancrinite provide evidence for the role of highly saline fluids in incongruent transformation reactions by which sodalite, cancrinite and analcime crystallize mostly on the expense of nepheline. The fluids, in most cases, can be modeled by the H2O-NaCl system with various NaCl contents; however inclusions with more complex fluid (containing also K, Ca, CO3, etc. besides H2O and NaCl) composition are abundant. Raman spectroscopic studies of daughter minerals in inclusions demonstrate the presence of alkali-carbonatic fluids in some of the earliest inclusions of nepheline, aegirine and albite. The alteration process is supported by the presence of H2O-NaCl fluid inclusions in cancrinite, showing lower salinity compared to those in nepheline. During the crystallization period of the nepheline syenites the rock was in equilibrium with a high salinity, carbonate rich solution that evolved to decreased salinity with time. The following observations support this: • paragenesis of mineral phases and their fluid inclusions: the early phases have high salinity inclusions and the late phases have low-salinity inclusions • the partitioning of chlorine depends on the pressure of the system: at about 2.0 kbars, the fluids coexisting with the melt have a high initial salinity and the salinity decreases with time; inclusions in nepheline show the lowest trapping pressure at ~2.5 kbars, hence the system has a high initial salinity and decreases with time • aH2O increases with time, resulting in the formation of H2O-bearing phases in a late stage of the crystallization of nepheline syenites. / Master of Science

In many geologic environments, dominantly aqueous solutions contain low concentrations of CO₂. At ambient temperature, in fluid inclusions which trap these solutions, the typical phase assemblage consists of a CO₂-rich vapor (where P_CO₂ ≈ P_internaI) and an aqueous phase containing dissolved salts and CO₂. In this study, the CO₂ minimum detection limits (MDLs) using microthermometry and laser Raman spectroscopy are established in terms of P_CO₂ using synthetic H₂O-CO₂ inclusions. The purpose of the microthermometric experiments was to examine the diagnostic CO₂ phase changes and determine the quantity of CO₂ necessary to result in observable solid CO₂ melting. The results of these experiments show that an observable solid CO₂ melting event requires P_CO₂ ≥ 45 bar at 25°C. The Raman spectroscopic detection limits were investigated using a multichannel Raman spectrometer. Because the Raman spectroscopic MDLs are a function of counts, the CO₂ MDLs were determined by collecting signal-to-noise ratios for both the upper and lower v₁-2v₂ bands as a function of CO₂ pressure (5-60 bars) and over a range of integration times and incident laser power to predict the optimal instrument settings. The resulting CO₂ MDLs are on the order of 1 bar for our instrument. The band splitting of the v₁-2v₂ diad as a function of CO₂ pressure was measured up to 500 bar at ambient temperature. The CO₂ pressures were converted to ρ_CO₂ and the results are given in terms of the frequency separation between the upper and lower bands. These results are compared to those of previous studies. An analysis of the estimated errors indicates that the technique can be used to determine CO₂ densities in fluid inclusions containing a homogenous, free CO₂ phase to a precision of approximately ± 0.02 g/cm³. The temperature dependence of the intensity ratio of the hot bands to the v₁-2v₂ diad was measured from 270 to 315 K. The close agreement between the calculated and observed results indicate that laser induced sample heating is not significant. The intensity ratio can be used to estimate the CO₂ temperature and, combined with the Raman density determination, allows calculation of the CO₂ pressure. / Master of Science

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 15, 2010). Thesis advisor: Dr. Peter Nabelek. Includes bibliographical references.

The role and behavior of fluids in hydrothermal and magmatic environments have been studied. Experimental studies have been carried out to determine fluid properties, in natural environments and in both synthetic and natural fluid and melt inclusions. One of these studies dealt with the effect of composition on the critical P-T-X properties of aqueous salt solutions approximated by the H₂O-NaCl-KCl-CaCl₂ system. The results indicate a systematic variation in critical properties as a function of composition over the range of P-T-X studied. A technique for analyzing individual H₂O-CO₂ inclusions using Raman spectroscopy has also been developed. The resulting empirical equation relating Raman intensities and composition is valid for compositions ≤50mol% CO₂. The technique has been applied to H₂O-CO₂ inclusions from the Butte, MT Porphyry Cu-Mo deposit and the results agree with compositions estimated from microthermometric and petrographic observations. The aim of another study was to study water loss from melt inclusions during laboratory heating. Melt inclusions had lost insignificant amounts of water when held at experimental conditions (800°C, 1 kbar) for ≤24 hours. However, significant water loss was observed for longer duration experiments. Ocelli, which are globular bodies of felsic minerals are interpreted as products of magmatic melt immiscibility. As such, the carbonate aggregates in Cretaceous lamprophyres from Hungary with similar petrographic characteristics have also generally been interpreted to be products of magmatic immiscibility. Petrographic and geochemic studies have shown three three distinct genetic groups for these aggregates, none of which were consistent with a magmatic origin. / Ph. D.

The study of fluid inclusions proved the metamorphic origin of the cinnabar-pyrite mineralization at the deposit of Horní Luby. In addition, thermal conditions of the mineralization formation were determined. During the deposit forming processes, the primary homogenous H2O-CO2 fluid of the temperature of about 300řC was differentiated to fractions rich in H2O or CO2. The differentiation took place in several stages in the temperature range between 200 to 150řC. Quartz crystallized from the parent fluid at the temperature about 300řC, pyrite at temperatures in the range of 220řC to 210řC and cinnabar at temperatures in the range of 195řC to 160řC. The cinnabar is thus the youngest mineral at the deposit (crystallization succession. quartz - pyrite - cinnabar). At the deposit of Jedová hora, quartz crystallized at the temperature of about 160řC to 150řC, barite at temperature of about 115řC (the fluid boiling point) and cinnabar in the range between these temperatures. The origin of mercury at all Czech historical deposit of cinnabar can be very likely related to Lower Paleozoic submarine volcanism. In all cases, the pre-concentrated mercury was remobilized during the Variscian metamorphosis, followed by precipitation in form of veins with cinnabar or as cinnabar impregnation. Study of tetrahedrite...

Ore deposits of the Krásná Hora ore district are the main representative of the Sb-Au mineralization in the Czech Republic. It can be classified genetically as epizonal subtype of orogenic gold deposits. Spatially and partly temporally are associated with the intrusion of the Central Bohemian Pluton. The ore bodies are related to quartz veins that follow the course of E-W striking lamprophyre dykes, which are usually heavily crushed and altered. Ore shoots with massive stibnite are located mainly at the intersections of these E-W trending veins with the NW-SE striking tectonic fault zones. Au-Sb ores at Krásná Hora ore district formed in an area of repeatedly activated fault zones. Three generations of hydrothermal quartz were identified on microscopic scale. Earliest quartz (Qtz1), which was considered in the literature auriferous originated from low-salinity H2O - CO2 fluids at ~350 řC and at a depth of about 5 km. The younger quartz (Qtz2) originated at lower temperatures of about 260 řC and lower depth of about 3-4 km from low/saline aqueous fluids. Both older (Qtz1) and younger quartz (Qtz2) are not auriferous. The gold is associated with younger paragenetic formation (Anti + Au + Cc + Qtz3) that fills in intergranular spaces and fractures in Qtz1 and Qtz2 . Due to the partial exhumation of the...

Este trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento sobre a gênese da Jazida de Urânio Cachoeira (Lagoa Real, BA), caracterizando piroxênios (com ênfase nos associados à mineralização uranífera e que hospedam inclusões fluidas) e suas inclusões associadas. Em função das análises realizadas, foram descritos, de maneira geral, os passos que devem ser seguidos para obtenção e nterpretação de dados, em inclusões fluidas (IF), na linha D09B XRF Fluorescência de Raios-X do Laboratório Nacional de Luz síncrotron (LNLS), Campinas, SP. As análises dos piroxênios revelaram augita, diopsídio e aegirina-augita, havendo também termos intermediários, por exemplo entre augita e diopsídio. Os piroxênios apresentaram inclusões fluidas bifásicas e trifásicas (que podiam apresentar fase sólida birrefringente), sendo algumas possivelmente primárias. Os piroxênios apresentaram, também, inclusões sólidas. A análise de algumas inclusões sólidas revelou tratarem-se de albita, que provavelmente é anterior ao piroxênio hospedeiro. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os piroxênios estudados estão associados a uma importante fase de metassomatismo cálcico. Tais piroxênios não estariam totalmente associados à precipitação do minério uranífero. No estudo petrográfico das amostras chamou a atenção, a identificação de duas gerações de plagioclásios, uma fortemente alterada e outra menos alterada. A luz síncrotron, utilizada para estudo de IF, é uma poderosa ferramenta de análise. Foi constatado que cuidados na preparação da amostra, como a seleção de IF superficiais, são muito importantes para se obter um bom dado. Devido principalmente a fatores experimentais, somente o vanádio foi detectado em maior quantidade na área que continha as IF (no piroxênio), em relação à área branca, nos estudos com luz síncrotron. A ocorrência de tal elemento é de difícil interpretação. Estudos futuros, envolvendo as inclusões fluidas e sólidas do piroxênio, e de outros minerais, serão importantes para compreender a Jazida Cachoeira. A pesquisa de U em IF, mediante uso da luz síncrotron, será também de grande importância. / This work had as objective to contribute for the knowledge about the genesis of the Cachoeira uranium deposit (Lagoa Real Uranium Province, Bahia State, Brazil), characterizing pyroxenes (with emphasis in those associated with the uranium mineralization and those hosting inclusions) of the deposit and their associated inclusions. In function of the accomplished analyses, steps that should be followed to obtain and interpret data from fluid inclusions (FI), in the D09B XRF X-Ray Fluorescence Beam Line of the National Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas, Brazil, have been described. The analyzed pyroxenes are augites, diopsides and aegirine-augites, and intermediate terms, for example between augite and diopside, were detected. They presented two and three phases fluid inclusions being some, possible, primary ones. The three phases FI could present a birefringent solid phase. The pyroxenes presented, also, solid inclusions. The analysis of some solid inclusions revealed that they were albites. These albites are, probably, previous to the pyroxene host mineral. The obtained results indicated that the studied pyroxenes are associated to an important phase of calcic metasomatism. These pyroxenes are not totally associated to the precipitation of the uranium. In the petrographic study of the samples, two types of plagioclase were identified, one very altered and other less altered. Synchrotron light is a powerful tool for analyze FI. It was verified that care in the preparation of the sample, such as the selection of near-surface FI, are very important to obtain reliable data. In the studies with synchrotron light only the vanadium was detected in larger amount in the area that contained FI (in pyroxene), in relation to the control area, due, mainly, to experimental factors. The presence of this element its not easy to interpret. Additional studies, on solid and fluid inclusion in pyroxene, and in other minerals, will be important to understand the Cachoeira uranium deposit. The research of U in FI, using synchrotron light, will be of great importance as well.

Neste trabalho foram estudados as inclusões fluidas associadas ao minério de ferro da Formação Serra do Sapo, Supergrupo Espinhaço, Conceição do Mato Dentro, MG. No setor foram diferenciadas três gerações de hematita, denominadas Hematita I, II e III. A Hematita I (mais antiga), de textura granoblástica, apresenta evidências de processos de recristalização parcial ou total, gerados durante um processo metamórfico, e não esta associada ao quartzo. Sob radiação infravermelha mostrou um bom grau de transparência. A Hematita II, ou tabular, apresenta morfologia micro lamelar precipitada no interstício associada aos cristais de quartzo, porém sem formar veios. Não se comporta como transparente sob a luz infravermelha. Por último, a Hematita III (mais nova, especularita) apresenta hábito especular e está associada aos veios de quartzo que cortam as gerações anteriores. Isto fortalece a tese de que essa geração teria crescido condicionada ao fluido do veio, precipitando-se por diminuição da pressão de confinamento do fluido nas fraturas. Os veios de quartzo/especularita envolvem ou estão associados a outros minerais (clorita, moscovita, calcita e granadas) que não aparecem nos corpos de minério. A microtermometria em inclusões fluidas (IF) indica, que o fluido que originou a Hematita I (granular) pertencia ao sistema aquo-salino H2O-NaCl-FeCl2, com temperaturas mínimas de 220-240C e com salinidade média de 17% p/p equiv. NaCl. Já a Hematita III (especularita) foi formada por soluções pertencentes ao sistema aquo-salino H2O-NaCl-KCl (provavelmente com MgCl2) a temperaturas entre 240-260C e salinidades de 10-12% p/p equiv. NaCl. Dados de LA-ICP-MS nos fluidos mostram, em termos de elementos traços, maior concentração de K, Ca, Ba, Mg, Mn, Cu, Pb, Sr e As nas soluções da Hematita I, quando comparados com os da especularita. Destaca-se que, esta última geração, apresenta maiores teores de Li e Sb. O cruzamento do geotermômetro clorita (255C) com as isócoras dos fluidos forneceu pressões de 0,56 Kbar e 0,26 Kbar para a formação das hematitas granulares e especularíticas respectivamente. Isto sugere que o minério de ferro foi originado entre 750m de profundidade (especularita) e 1500m (hematita granular). Interessante destacar que, embora os testes de esmagamento mostrem uma clara liberação de gases, sugerindo a presença de fases carbônicas nos fluidos dos veios de quartzo, não foi constatada a presença desses compostos moleculares nas soluções primárias através da espectroscopia Raman. A diferença de salinidade e de cátions entre os fluidos da hematita granular e os de quartzo-especularita indica a participação de diferentes fluidos durante essas fases específicas da mineralização. Os fluidos participantes do minério de ferro da Serra do Sapo, CMD, são diferentes de outros fluidos mineralizadores associados a depósitos de ferro do Quadrilátero Ferrífero estudados até agora. Uma comparação com as soluções que geraram hematitas granulares e especularitas da Mina Conceição evidenciam tendências de processos evolutivos inversos (em termos de salinidades e temperaturas de homogeneização), embora haja coincidências sobre a ausência de fases carbônicas na formação do minério ferrífero nas duas áreas. / Fuid inclusions associated with the iron ore from Serra do Sapo Formation, Espinhaço Supergroup, Conceição do Mato Dentro, in Minas Gerais, stak were studied. Three hematite generations, named hematite I, II and III were found in these ores. The Hematite I (earliest), with granoblastic texture shows. Partial or total recrystallization texture, was generated during the metamorphic process forming the Hematite I which is the oldesr and not associated with quartz. Under infrared radiation these hematite showed a good degree of transparency. The Hematite II or tabular with micro lamellar morphology was precipitated in the interstitium associated with quartz, but without forming veins and not being transparent under infrared light and also not behaving as transparent under infrared light. Finally, the Hematite III (latest, especularite) has a totally specular habit and is associated with quartz veins which cut the earlier generations. This supports the argument that this hematite generation would have grown subject to veins fluid, by the precipitation of fluid in fractures for decrease pressure confinament. The quartz/specularite veins involve or are associated with other minerals (chlorite, muscovite, calcite and garnet) that not appear in the ore bodies. Fluid inclusions (FI) microtermometry indicates that the fluid that has originated the Hematite I (granular) belonged to the aquo-salt system H2O-NaCl-FeCl2, with minimum temperatures of 220-240C and average salinity of 17 wt% NaCl eq. However, the Hematite III (specularite) was formed by solutions belonging to the aquo-salt H2O-NaCl-KCl (probably with MgCl2) at temperatures between 240-260C and salinities of 10-12 wt% NaCl eq. NaCl. LA-ICP-MS data in fluids, in terms of trace elements, show higher concentration of K, Ca, Ba, Mg, Mn, Cu, Pb, Sr and As in Hematite I solutions when compared to the specularite. This last generation has higher contents of Li and Sb. The geothermometry chlorite (255C) intersection with the fluid isochoric supplied pressure of 0.56 kbar and 0.26 kbar for the granular and specularitic hematite formation, respectively. This suggests that iron ore was produced from a depth of 750m (specularite) and 1500m (granular hematite). It is interesting to note that, although the crushing tests show an incontestable gases release suggesting the presence of carbon phase in the quartz veins fluid, these molecular compounds was not found in the primary solutions. The difference in salinity and ions between granular hematite and quartz-specularite fluids suggests the involvement of different fluids during specific mineralization stages. The ore-forming fluids of Serra do Sapo iron formation, CMD, are different from other mineralizing fluids associated with Iron Quadrangle deposits. The comparison with the Mine Conceição solutions, that generate granular hematite and specularite, evidence contrary evolutive trends (regarding salinity values and homogenization temperatures), although there are coincidences on the carbon phases absence in the ore ferriferous formation in both areas.

O sistema petrolífero Irati-Pirambóia tem como rocha geradora os folhelhos permianos da Formação Irati e como reservatórios principais os arenitos fluvio-eólicos permo-triássicos da Formação Pirambóia. Diversos autores associam a geração de hidrocarbonetos a partir dos folhelhos da Formação Irati ao magmatismo Serra Geral (Eocretáceo). A análise de inclusões fluidas em minerais autigênicos tem fornecido informações valiosas para o entendimento da dinâmica e evolução de processos pós-deposicionais dentre os quais se incluem os processos de geração e migração de hidrocarbonetos. Os estudos petrográficos realizados em inclusões fluidas aquosas e de hidrocarbonetos presentes em veios de calcita espática e quartzo, associados aos ensaios microtermométricos em inclusões fluidas aquosas, permitiram estimar as temperaturas atingidas pela Formação Irati na borda leste da Bacia do Paraná, bem como obter informações sobre características composicionais dos fluidos aprisionados. Inclusões fluidas aquosas apresentam-se como inclusões bifásicas associadas a monofásicas, com morfologia irregular a regular e dimensões entre 5\'mü\'m e 25\'mü\'m, nas quais a fase vapor geralmente situa-se entre 5 e 15% do volume da inclusão. As inclusões aquosas ocorrem de forma isolada no cristal (primárias), em concentrações na forma de trilhas internas ao cristal (pseudo-secundárias) ou trilhas de inclusões que seccionam os cristais (secundárias). Inclusões fluidas compostas por hidrocarbonetos possuem dimensões entre 10 \'mü\'m e 50 \'mü\'m, apresentam fase vapor em proporções variáveis e com coloração escura, e cor de fluorescência à luz ultravioleta variando entre amarelada a azul pálida. Adicionalmente, foram efetuadas análises de concentração de carbono orgânico total (COT) e enxofre. A concentração do teor de carbono orgânico total dos folhelhos da Formação Irati nos afloramentos estudados nos estados de São Paulo e do Paraná situa-se entre 0,43 e 17,41% e permitiu classificar o potencial de geração da unidade como alto a excelente. As concentrações de enxofre variaram entre 0,1 e 6,04%, as quais sugerem controle deposicional. Em algumas localidades, é possível observar certa correlação positiva entre os teores de carbono orgânico total e enxofre. Temperaturas de homogeneização com modas entre 100° e 150°C e que alcançam valores da ordem de 300°C sugerem que a Formação Irati atingiu temperaturas adequadas para geração de óleo leve e gás. Estas paleotemperaturas não podem ser explicadas apenas por soterramento e necessitam de fonte adicional de calor proveniente do magmatismo Serra Geral. Observa-se a presença de dois fluidos aquosos com salinidades distintas. O fluido com salinidades variando entre aproximadamente 0 e 7,5% em peso de NaCl equivalente corresponde ao fluido com salinidade mais baixa, enquanto, salinidades situadas entre aproximadamente 12 e 21,5% em peso de NaCl equivalente caracterizam o fluido de salinidade mais alta. Interpreta-se que o fluido de salinidade mais alta estivesse presente nos poros do folhelho gerador e que tenha migrado juntamente com os hidrocarbonetos através de microfraturas na rocha geradora. Por outro lado, o fluido de menor salinidade é possivelmente composto por água meteórica. A circulação deste fluido meteórico por fraturas subverticais seria altamente prejudicial para a preservação dos hidrocarbonetos. As inclusões de hidrocarbonetos revelaram óleo relativamente maturo e leve, condizente com as paleotemperaturas registradas e sugerindo que o óleo com alta viscosidade e baixo Grau API encontrado nos afloramentos da unidade geradora Irati e nos reservatórios arenosos da Formação Pirambóia (arenitos asfálticos) é produto de degradação. / The Irati-Pirambóia petroleum system has the Permian shales of the Irati Formation as source rocks and the Permo-Triassic fluvial-eolian sandstones of the Pirambóia Formation as the main reservoirs. Several authors associate the hydrocarbons generation from shales of the Irati Formation with the Serra Geral magmatism. The fluid inclusions analysis in authigenic minerals provides valuable information for understanding of dynamics and evolution of the post-depositional processes such as hydrocarbon generation and migration. The petrographic investigations carried out in hydrocarbon and aqueous fluid inclusions associated to microthermometric essays performed with aqueous fluid inclusions allowed to estimate the paleotemperatures for the Irati Formation in the eastern border of the Paraná Basin as well as obtain information about compositional characteristics of the trapped fluids. Aqueous fluid inclusions hosted in spar calcite and quartz veins are shown as biphasic inclusions associated to single phase inclusions, with irregular to regular morphology and size between 5\'mü\'m and 25\'mü\'m. The vapor phase normally is between 5% and 15% of the inclusion volume. The aqueous inclusions occur isolated within the crystal (primary), in concentrations as trails within the crystal (pseudo-secondary) or as trails crossing crystal boundary (secondary). The fluid inclusions composed of hydrocarbons have dimensions between 10 \'mü\'m and 50 \'mü\'m, and show vapor phase in varying proportions and with dark color. The fluorescence color under ultraviolet light ranges from yellow to pale blue. In addition, analyzes of total organic carbon (TOC) and sulfur concentrations were performed. The TOC of the Irati Formation shales outcroping in São Paulo and Paraná states varies from 0.43% to 17.41%, indicating high to excellent potential of hydrocarbons generation. The sulfur rates range from 0.1% to 6.04%, suggesting a depositional control as indicated by the positive correlation between the TOC and sulfur rates from some locations. The modal homogenization temperatures vary from 100°C to 150°C, reaching values around 300°C. These paleotemperatures suggest that the Irati Formation reached temperatures appropriate for light oil and gas generation. However, the paleotemperatures found cannot be explained only by burial and require to an additional heat source from Serra Geral magmatism. The presence of two aqueous fluids with different salinities was observed. The fluid with salinity ranging from 0 to 7.5% weight of the NaCl equivalent corresponds to the lower salinity fluids, while salinities varying from 12% to 21.5% weight of NaCl equivalent characterize the higher salinity fluids. Thus, it was interpreted that higher salinity fluids correspond to shale pore fluids migrated with hydrocarbons through source rock microfractures. On the other hand, the lower salinity fluids are possibly composed of meteoric water, whose circulation in deeper zones through subvertical fractures would be highly damaging to the hydrocarbons preservation. The hydrocarbons inclusions showed relatively mature and light oil, suggesting that the oil with high-viscosity and low-API found in outcrops of the Irati Formation and sandstone reservoirs of the Pirambóia Formation (tar sandstones) is a degradation product.