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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The Impact of Social Distancing on Evacuations using Crowd Simulations / Social distansierings påverkan på evakueringar med simulering av folkmassor

Hydén, Emrik January 2021 (has links)
During pandemics such as the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19), some government agencies might recommend that citizens keep distance to other people when moving in public environments; this distance is often referred to as social distancing. Since social distancing limits how people are allowed to move in an environment, it could prove to become an obstacle during situations such as evacuations. This raises the question if social distancing has a noticeable impact on evacuation times. Evacuation scenarios have previously been researched by utilizing crowd simulations. Therefore, this study uses an agent based crowd simulator developed in Unity3D to investigate the effects of social distancing on the time taken to conduct orderly evacuations of classroom environments. The virtual environments used were modeled after two differently sized classrooms at The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). The environments were modified with varying amounts of available exits and social distances between virtual agents in order to perform experiments. The results of the study indicate that increasing the degree of social distancing increases the evacuation time, whilst adding more exits reduces it. The significance of these changes in evacuation time are dependent on classroom size. The study concludes that although social distancing does increase evacuation time, the magnitude of the effect depends the previously mentioned environmental factors. / Under pandemier som COVID19 skulle vissa myndigheter kunna rekommendera medborgare att hålla avstånd från andra i allmänna miljöer; detta avstånd benämns ofta som social distansiering. Eftersom social distansiering begränsar antalet personer som får befinna sig i en miljö, skulle det kunna vara ett hinder under situationer som evaukeringar. Detta väcker frågan ifall social distansiering har en märkbar påverkan på evakueringstider. Evakueringsscenarier har tidigare studerats genom att utnyttja simuleringar av folkmassor. På grund av detta använder den här studien en agentbaserad simulator utvecklad i Unity3D, i syfte att undersöka effekten av social distansiering på tiden det tar att genomföra ordnade evakueringar av klassrum. De virtuella miljöer som användes modellerades efter två klassrum av olika storlek på KTH. Miljöerna modifierades med varierande antal tillgängliga utgångar och sociala avstånd mellan virtuella agenter för att utföra experiment. Resultaten av studien indikerar att en ökning av det sociala avståndet ökar evakueringstiden, medan en ökning av antal tillgängliga utgångar minskar den. Signifikansen av dessa förändringar i evakueringstid är beroende av klassrummens storlek. Studien fastslår att trots att social distansiering ökar evakueringstiden så beror magnituden av ökningen på de tidigare nämnda miljömässiga faktorerna.

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