This study examined the association between different socio-demographic factors and food insecurity in the Central Florida Communities of Maitland, Winter Park, and Eatonville. Data from the Institute for Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Central Florida were utilized to analyze 3 main questions: In which community is food insecurity more prevalent? To what extent are food consumption, transportation, poverty, and unemployment associated with food insecurity? Does the association between food consumption, transportation, poverty, unemployment, and food insecurity remain when controlling for self-reported overall health, education, marital status, and race. The results revealed differences in predictors of food insecurities. Particularly, there was a positive relationship between food consumption and the knowledge of recommended number of servings of fruits and vegetables suggesting that those who have nutritional knowledge practice healthy dietary behaviors. Furthermore, structural dysfunctions and affordability pose food consumption limitations on the communities studied (mainly Eatonville).

Household vegetable expenditure patterns are examined using data from the 1972-1974 Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey. Tobit analysis is employed to measure the effects of changes in household socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on changes in the probability of purchase and the magnitude of expenditure for vegetables. The study examines expenditure for the major processed forms and five vegetable subgroups. The results indicate that household total annual income and age-sex composition are important factors explaining vegetable expenditure patterns. Increases in income are associated with increases in vegetable expenditure, and economies of size occur in households with adult females. The number of household members in other age-sex categories are found to be important for expenditures on particular vegetable forms and subgroups. Mean expenditure for vegetables is affected by U.S. region, population density of residence, employment status, race, food stamp purchase, and educational level. Changes in household characteristics are found to affect probability of purchasing vegetables and the magnitude of expenditure. Household vegetable expenditure profiles are illustrated as a means of applying the results. / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 V46 / Master of Science

In the modern United States, capitalism is the predominant cultural value that structures the food system. The current American relationship to food is strained, at best, as two-thirds of Americans experience overweight and obesity and are at risk for a number of serious health complications. An understanding of the historic and political-economic aspects of the American food system is necessary to address the effects of our modern food habits on our ideas of our selves. This thesis analyzes the types of foods Americans eat, why they make the food choices that they do, how they feel about their eating habits and their habits' effects on their bodies, and how this all relates to our sense of identity as Americans. / by Marlena Kay Dates. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Ma Fung-shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-114). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / The Research Problem --- p.2 / Scope of Study --- p.3 / What is Western Food? --- p.3 / Literature Review --- p.4 / Anthropology and Food --- p.4 / Globalization and Consumption --- p.7 / China and Global Consumerism --- p.10 / "Food, Globalization and Consumption: Eating Western Food in Guangzhou" --- p.12 / Methodology --- p.13 / My Position in the Restaurant --- p.73 / Participant Observation --- p.75 / Interviews --- p.77 / Significance of the Research --- p.18 / Structure of the Thesis --- p.19 / Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- "GUANGZHOU, WESTERN RESTAURANTS AND LONG ISLAND CAFE" --- p.21 / The City of Guangzhou --- p.22 / Historical Background --- p.22 / Economic Reforms after 1978 --- p.22 / Guangzhou and Hong Kong --- p.23 / Eating in Guangzhou --- p.25 / A Brief History of Western Food and Western restaurants in Guangzhou --- p.26 / Taai Pihng Gun (太平館) --- p.27 / The Appearance of Five-star Hotels --- p.28 / "The Appearance and Growth of Bars, Karaokes and Nightclubs in Late 1980's" --- p.30 / The Appearance of Western Chain Restaurants --- p.31 / From Taai Pihng Gun to Long Island Cafe : Implications from History --- p.32 / Western Food in relation to Other Kinds of Cuisine --- p.33 / Chinese Restaurants (酒家/酒樓/菜館) --- p.33 / Western Restaurants (西餐廳） --- p.36 / Specialized Restaurants (特色餐廳） --- p.39 / Brief History and Development of Long Island Cafe --- p.41 / Western Restaurant: a Business Decision --- p.42 / The First Three Years --- p.44 / The Critical Turn and Later Developments --- p.45 / Daily Management and Structure of Long Island Cafe --- p.47 / The Hierarchical Ladder of the Workers --- p.48 / Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- PRODUCTION OF WESTERN FOOD --- p.51 / Image of the Restaurant --- p.51 / A Westernized Name --- p.51 / Interior Decoration of the Branches --- p.52 / Mass Media --- p.52 / Food Served in the Restaurant --- p.55 / Evolution of Menu and Analysis of the Present Menu --- p.55 / Studying the Menus: Changes Throughout the Years --- p.56 / Coffee & Salad --- p.68 / Limitation in Food Development --- p.73 / Influences from Hong Kong --- p.75 / The Paradox of Authenticity --- p.77 / Invention and Localization --- p.79 / Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- CONSUMPTION OF WESTERN FOOD --- p.81 / Customer Characteristics --- p.81 / Target Customers --- p.81 / Frequent & Infrequent Customers --- p.82 / Customer Age Groups --- p.85 / Rituals of Eating --- p.87 / Eating Western Food： Different Meaning to Different Customers --- p.92 / A Western Food Ideal? --- p.92 / Differences between Frequent and Infrequent Customers --- p.93 / "same Restaurant, Different Expectations" --- p.94 / The Pursuit of Global / Western Ideas --- p.95 / Western Food: an Imagined Cuisine --- p.97 / Distinction： Middle-Class Identity and Consumption --- p.99 / Studying Class Structure in China --- p.99 / Who comprises the Middle-Class? --- p.99 / Middle-class Identity and Consumption --- p.102 / Chapter CHAPTER 5: --- CONCLUSION --- p.105 / REFERENCES --- p.110

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In order to elucidate the role of classical conditioning in food and alcohol co-consumption, the present study examined: (1) the effects of alcohol odor cues on alcohol and food cravings and attentional bias (bias in selective attention toward either food or alcohol pictures relative to neutral pictures); and (2) the role of alcohol odor cue elicited cravings and attentional biases on subsequent consumption. Participants (n = 77; mean age = 30.84, SD = 9.46; 51.9% female, 83.1% Caucasian) first completed the lab portion of the study. In this portion, they were exposed to alcohol and neutral odorants, after which their food and alcohol cravings and attentional bias were assessed. Participants then received an online survey the next day, on which they reported their level of food and alcohol consumption following the lab portion of the study. Using repeated measures analysis of covariance, alcohol odor cues were differentially effective in increasing food and alcohol attentional bias and cravings (Fs= 0.06 to 2.72, ps= 0.03 to 0.81). Using logistic and multiple regressions, alcohol odor cue elicited alcohol attentional bias, food attentional bias, and food cravings were associated with later alcohol consumption, but not with later food consumption or concurrent consumption (βs = -0.28 to 0.48, ps = 0.02 to 0.99; Exp(B)s = 0.95 to 1.83, ps = 0.33 to 0.91). Overall, alcohol odor cues can become conditioned stimuli that elicit conditioned food-related and alcohol-related responses, both of which persist long enough to motivate later alcohol consumption; however, these conditioned responses might not persist long enough to motivate later food or concurrent consumption. These findings serve as a first step in clarifying the role of classical conditioning in concurrent consumption. In particular, they suggest that additional empirical investigations are needed to: (1) clarify the classical conditioning mechanisms underlying concurrent consumption; and (2) examine whether interventions targeting classical conditioning mechanisms are effective for reducing alcohol use.

This study surveyed working young adults to explore their food choice influences. Focus group data determined which food choice influences were important for young adults and were used to develop a pilot survey. Analysis of the pilot survey assisted in revising the survey which was again pilot tested; minor revisions were made before data collection. The sample included 18-24 year old young adults who were taking nine or fewer credit hours and were not living with a parent or child. Of the 111 subjects, 42 percent were male, 64 percent female; 77 percent Caucasian, 16 percent Hispanic; and 68 percent were taking no classes. The food choice influences which appear to be the strongest for working young adults are, in order of strength: Appearance of food, Taste, What was eaten as a child, Convenience, What friends eat, Health, Calorie content, Advertising, and Price. Appearance of food and taste were much stronger than the rest. Cluster analysis identified three groups of working young adults: Socially-oriented, health-oriented, and time-oriented. The socially-oriented group viewed what friends ate and convenience as significantly more important. This group tended to be less educated. Health-oriented working young adults rated eating healthy and low-calorie foods as significantly more important while they were significantly less concerned about price and advertising. Time-oriented working young adults were significantly less concerned about eating healthy foods and thought their time for food preparation was significantly less adequate. Taste and appearance of food were significantly less important for this group. Time-oriented working young adults tended to be the most educated. The proportion of males and females in each cluster was approximately equal to the sample distribution. Nutrition educators should focus less on health, calories, and price and more on taste and appearance in their nutrition messages; cooking demonstrations and food samples are suggested approaches. Nutrition education messages also need to recognize that an effective message to one young adult may be ineffective with another. Targeting nutrition messages to various types of young adults may result in realizing greater success in promoting adoption of healthier eating patterns.

"The present study was undertaken to calculate the nutritive value of the food consumed by male college athletes eating a self-selected diet in the college athletes dining room"--3.

Introdução - A adolescência é considerada uma fase importante para o desenvolvimento de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, prática de atividade física e manutenção do peso adequado. Objetivo - Avaliar o consumo alimentar, o estado nutricional e o nível de atividade física de adolescentes do Projeto Ilhabela. Métodos - Trata-se de um estudo transversal de amostra não-probabilística por conveniência, com coleta de dados primários. Para a avaliação do consumo alimentar dos adolescentes foi utilizado o Recordatório de 24 horas. Os dados antropométricos foram avaliados segundo os percentis da OMS e o nível de atividade física por meio do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). Foi realizada análise descritiva, ANOVA "two way" e qui-quadrado. Utilizou-se o Virtual Nutri e o SPSS (versão 10.0). Resultados - Foram estudados 228 adolescentes, 115 meninos e 113 meninas entre 10 e 18 anos. O consumo energético total foi inferior ao recomendado para a maioria dos adolescentes (66%). Aproximadamente metade dos jovens consumiu carboidratos abaixo e lipídios acima da recomendação, enquanto 40% dos adolescentes tiveram o consumo de proteínas acima do recomendado. Houve associação entre gênero e percentual de consumo de vitamina A (p=0,012) e de ferro (p< 0,001). Observou-se baixo consumo de cálcio por 93% dos adolescentes. A omissão de café da manhã foi superior entre as meninas (29%, p=0,002) e 28% dos meninos não fizeram o lanche da tarde (p=0,03). Em comparação com a Pirâmide Alimentar do adolescente, observou-se consumo excessivo do grupo de açúcares e doces, e deficiente dos grupos do arroz, do leite, das frutas e das verduras e legumes. A maioria dos adolescentes era eutrófica (74%), mas verificou-se 20% de excesso de peso. Houve apenas 8,8% de jovens insuficientemente ativos, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa segundo gênero e estágio de vida. Conclusão - Os adolescentes de Ilhabela consumiram dietas com valor energético total abaixo do recomendado e excesso de proteínas e lipídios, confirmando os hábitos alimentares característicos dos adolescentes. Apesar dos adolescentes serem suficientemente ativos houve elevado percentual de excesso de peso. A prática de atividade física regular deve continuar sendo estimulada entre os adolescentes de Ilhabela, para que em conjunto com uma alimentação saudável, diminua os índices de excesso de peso entre estes jovens. / Introduction - Adolescence is considered an important period for the development of healthy food habits, physical activity practice and weight maintenance. Objective - Assessment of food intake, nutritional status and physical activity level of adolescents from the Ilhabela Project. Methods - Cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample. A 24 hour recall was used to assess the food intake. To evaluate nutritional status, BMI percentile was used, according to WHO. To assess the physical activity level, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used. The food intake analysis was performed with the software Virtual Nutri and ANOVA and Chi Square were used as statistic tests. Results - Were interviewed 228 adolescents from Ilhabela, both gender, 10 to 18 years old. compared with the recommendation, the medium energy intake was lower for 66%, the carbohydrate intake was lower for 50%, the fat intake was higher for 50% and the protein intake was above for 40%. Association between being male and a low vitamin A (p=0,012) intake and a high iron (p< 0,002) consume was observed. For 93% of the adolescents studied a low consume of calcium was noticed. In relation to meal frequency, 29% of girls did not eat breakfast (p=0,002) and 28% of boys did not eat snacks (p=0,03). According to the Food Pyramid for Adolescents, an excessive intake of sugar and sweets was found, while the intake of food from rice, milk, fruits and vegetables groups was deficient. While the majority of the adolescents was eutrophic (74%), 20% were overweighted. Only 8,8% of adolescents were classified as insufficiently active, without significant statistic difference according to gender and age range. Conclusion - The adolescents from Ilhabela had an energy intake lower than the recommendation and an excessive intake of proteins and fat, reaffirming the usual food intake habits of adolescents. Despite the good levels of physical activity of the adolescents from Ilhabela, there was a high percentage of overweight. The regular physical activity practice must be stimulated among the adolescents from Ilhabela to, in association with healthy food habits, decrease the overweight percentage among them.

Introdução: Índices dietéticos (ID) têm sido utilizados para estudar associações entre alimentação e doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Um ID combina e resume aspectos de uma recomendação ou guia alimentar. Esses aspectos geralmente são a quantidade de nutrientes, alimentos ou grupos de alimentos a serem consumidos em um período de tempo (dia / semana / mês). A dieta do Programa Alimentar Brasileiro Cardioprotetor (DICA Br) classificou os alimentos em quatro grupos e definiu a quantidade diária a ser consumida. Uma vez que os aspectos nutricionais do DICA Br são diferentes de outras recomendações alimentares, não é possível utilizar os ID existentes para associar essa dieta com as DCV. Por isso, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de ID que considere as características da DICA Br. Objetivo: Descrever o desenvolvimento do ID DICA Br, avaliar a sua consistência interna, validade de constructo e as características da população associadas ao índice. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados de baseline do ensaio clínico randomizado DICA Br (www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01620398). Os quatro grupos alimentares da dieta estudada foram adotados como componentes do índice. Os critérios para atribuir pontos foram definidos a priori com base nos princípios e recomendações da DICA Br. Cada componente do índice recebeu pontos que variam de 0 a 10, portanto a pontuação total variou de 0 a 40. A consistência interna foi avaliada por meio dos coeficientes de correlação entre a pontuação total e de cada componente do índice, assim como pelo alpha de Cronbach. A validade de constructo foi avaliada verificando como nutrientes se associam com o índice por meio de testes para tendência linear. Análises de regressão linear bruta e ajustada foram realizadas para avaliar as características da população associadas ao índice. Resultados: A análise incluiu 2044 indivíduos (58,6 por cento homens). A média do índice total foi maior entre as mulheres. Os componentes do índice apresentaram baixas correlações entre si e as correlações entre cada componente isolado e o índice total foram >0,40. O alpha de Cronbach foi 0,66. Maiores pontuações no índice estiveram inversamente associadas com o consumo de energia, gordura total, gordura monoinsaturada, colesterol e diretamente associadas com a ingestão de carboidratos e fibras. Homens hipertensos e mulheres diabéticas apresentaram maiores pontuações, enquanto homens fumantes apresentaram menores pontuações. Conclusões: O ID DICA Br apresentou confiabilidade e validade de constructo satisfatórias, refletiu a ingestão de nutrientes chaves e detectou características dos indivíduos que se associam com a DICA Br. / Background: The diet of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Programme (BALANCE) classified food into four groups and set the daily amount to be consumed. The nutritional aspects of BALANCE are different from other dietary recommendations, therefore it is not possible to use existing diet indexes (DI) to associate this diet with cardiovascular disease. Objective: To describe the development of BALANCE DI, evaluate its internal consistency, construct validity and population characteristics associated with the index. Methods: We analyzed baseline data from BALANCE randomized clinical trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01620398). The four food groups of the studied diet were adopted as index components. Each index component received points ranging from 0 to 10 and the total score ranged from 0 to 40. The internal consistency was evaluated by means of correlation coefficients between total and each component index score, as well as the Cronbach´s alpha coefficient. The construct validity was assessed by checking how nutrients are associated with the index. Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the characteristics of the population that are associated with the index. Results: The analysis included 2044 subjects (58.6 per cent men). The average of the total index was higher among women. The components of the index showed low correlations with each other and the correlations between each individual component and the total index were > 0.40. Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient was 0.66. High scores in the index were inversely associated with the intake of energy, total fat, monounsaturated fat, cholesterol and directly associated with the intake of carbohydrates and fiber. Hypertensive men and diabetic women had higher scores, while male smokers had lower scores. Conclusions: The BALANCE DI showed satisfactory reliability and construct validity, reflected the intake of key nutrients and detected characteristics of individuals that are associated with the BALANCE diet.