[Truncated abstract] One aim of the present research program was to investigate motivational response inclinations toward high-caloric food at implicit and explicit processing levels with unipolar measures to account for ambivalence. A second aim was to examine the extent of the influence of these implicit and explicit processes on unhealthy eating behaviors, and specifically investigate why people reporting avoid motivational inclinations continue to indulge in high-fat foods. The aim of Study 1 was to examine discordance between implicit and explicit attitudes toward high-fat food in groups that differed in preference for high-fat food. Using a bipolar version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a group difference was found in implicit attitudes toward high-fat food with a trend toward concordance. The aims of Study 2 were to examine if concordance between implicit and explicit processes would be greater if one accounted for motivational ambivalence within and between implicit and explicit processing levels, and to test the influence of these processes on food choice behavior. Using a unipolar version of the IAT, a pattern of concordance was found between implicit and explicit inclinations in most participants, except for those reporting weak avoid and strong approach inclinations. Further, implicit avoid and explicit avoid inclinations were found to predict food choice behavior in a context that made body and weight concerns salient. A parallel study (Study 3) was conducted with a high-caloric food that is viewed very ambivalently by society (i.e., chocolate) to determine if societal ambivalence is reflected in implicit associations, and to test the influence of implicit and explicit processes on food choice behavior. In contrast to Study 2, results indicated that all groups were implicitly ambivalent toward chocolate. Further, implicit approach and explicit avoid inclinations were found to antagonistically predict behavior suggesting that the proximal benefits of chocolate indulgence tend to outweigh the distal consequences. ... Results showed that when the unhealthy consequences of high-fat food consumption were primed, implicit avoid motivational inclinations toward high-fat food could be differentially activated and influence choice of certain high-fat foods. In conclusion, this research program found evidence for eating-related ambivalence within and between implicit and explicit processing levels which underscores the importance of utilizing unipolar measures in research investigating motivational response inclinations toward food and other substances. Further, implicit and explicit processes were found to influence high-fat food choice behavior in an antagonistic pattern with implicit approach inclinations conflicting with explicit avoid inclinations when health and weight concerns were not salient, providing support for the additive predictive pattern of food choice. A key theoretical implication of this research program is that the integration of the dual process models (e.g., Strack & Deutsch, 2004) with the ambivalence model of substance craving (e.g., Breiner, Stritzke, & Lang, 1999) can advance the understanding of competing motivational response inclinations toward high-fat foods at the implicit and explicit levels.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2008. / Directed by Nancy Myers; submitted to the Dept. of English. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 198-209).

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 7, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Western Washington University, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-115). Also issued online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 168 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-168). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

<p>During the 1960´s and 1970´s the number of grey seals in the Baltic Sea was decreasing rapidly, mostly due to hunting and toxic substances like DDT and PCB. When hunting became less intense and toxic substances decreased in the environment the grey seal population started to increase. Today grey seals are found common in the Baltic Sea and have started to become a big treat and a problem to the fishing industry. The grey seal destroys and enters fishing traps and consumes large quantities of the fish that have been caught.</p><p>The knowledge of the grey seal, like abundance and food preferences, is today limited. It is also important to define the position of the grey seal in the ecosystem in the Baltic Sea and to be able to predict changes that could occur if the population would rapidly decrease or increase. This project was therefore started in an attempt to increase the knowledge about the grey seals food preferences. The study was made in tree separate parts. Part one contained analyses of prey remains from stomachs and digestive tract from fourteen individuals put down in two geographically separate areas. The collected material from the seal digestive tract was cleaned and otoliths (hearing stones from fish), scales and back vertebra from fish eaten by the grey seal were sorted out. With the help of hard parts collected from the intestines the food preferences of the seals could be estimated. Eight different species of prey was found. The species were herring (Clupea harengus membras), sprat (Sprattus sprattus), common whitefish (Coregonus spp), perch (Perca fluviatilis), salmon (Salmo salar), trout (Salmo trutta) and roach (Rutilus rutilus). In two of the digestive tracts several individuals of the isopod Saduria entomon were found. No earlier studies describe the isopod as a food source for the grey seals in the Baltic Sea. The findings are therefore unique information. The results showed that during summer the main part of the grey seal diet in the gulf of Sundsvall and in the surrounding coastal area of Hårte was herring and sprat. No significant difference in food preferences was shown between the investigated seals from the gulf of Sundsvall and seals from the surrounding coastal area of Hårte.</p><p>The second part was made to investigate if it was possible to build a floating platform that would work as a resting place for the grey seal. The surface of the platform was covered by a layer that keeps the seal scats on the platform so that it could be collected. Otoliths from herring and common whitefish were found on the floating platform. Because the platform could not be under surveillance during the whole study some uncertainties about whether the otoliths found came from grey seal or from resting cormorants or other fish eating birds. However, the otolit size is linearly related to the fish size and this relationship can be used to track the predator. Otoliths from herring taken by grey seals and otoliths found on the platform were significantly bigger than the otoliths originating from the prey of cormorants. The results indicated that the common whitefish size was too big for a full grown cormorant bird to consume. The common whitefish size showed that it probably not had been cormorants that had deposited the otoliths on the platform. The platform method was concluded promising but it needs to be modified in order to work more effective in the future.</p><p>In the third part scats were collected from the area of Österåsen to increase the amount of information about the grey seals food preferences.</p><p>The knowledge of the grey seals diet in the Baltic Sea is today limited and few similar study’s have earlier been made. The collected scats and otoliths in this project are therefore unique.</p><p>2008:Bi 2</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-76). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Acompanha : Guia didático: a química na junk food: uma proposta para o ensino de ligações químicas por meio do enfoque CTS / O objetivo deste estudo é propor estratégias de ensino no enfoque CTS para o ensino de Ligações Químicas com ênfase nas Ligações Iônica e Covalente. Nesse sentido o presente estudo foi desenvolvido e aplicado em uma escola da rede pública de ensino do Paraná, na cidade de Telêmaco Borba, em duas turmas da segunda (2ª) série do ensino técnico integrado ao ensino médio, totalizando 42 alunos. A abordagem metodológica foi abordagem qualitativa, de natureza interpretativa com observação participante. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados: fotos, gravações de arguições orais e vídeos de atividades transcritos na íntegra, anotações de campo em protocolos de observação das interações do dia-a-dia na sala de aula, questionários e atividades desenvolvidas pelos alunos. As atividades foram desenvolvidas em dezoito (18) aulas, as quais interligaram os conceitos químicos de Ligações Químicas ao tema social controverso (Junk Food), de forma a promover as inter-relações dos aspectos da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade. Os principais resultados obtidos evidenciaram que pelas atividades propostas, o ensino de Ligações Químicas, por meio do tema social Junk Food, promoveu a valorização do conhecimento científico extrapolando as barreiras da sala de aula para o contexto social dos educandos. Pois as atividades desenvolvidas nos módulos, proporcionou as relações entre os conteúdos escolares e os aspectos cotidianos dos alunos. Alcançando os objetivos da proposta CTS para a cidadania. Outro resultado alcançado compreende a elaboração de um guia didático que tem por objetivo compartilhar atividades desenvolvidas neste estudo, como sugestão metodológica para os profissionais que lecionam Química, e atuam no ano final do Ensino Fundamental, Ensino Médio e Técnico. / The aim of this study is to propose teaching strategies in CTS approach to teaching with emphasis on Chemical Bonds Ionic and Covalent Links . In this sense the present study was developed and applied in a public school teaching of Paraná, in the town of Telêmaco Borba , in two classes of the second ( 2nd ) series of technical education integrated into the school , totaling 42 students . The methodological approach was qualitative approach, interpretative participant observation . For data collection were used : photos , recordings and videos Pleas oral activities fully transcribed , field notes on observation protocols of interactions of day- to-day classroom , quizzes and activities for students . The activities we developed in eighteen (18) classes, which interlinked the chemical concepts of Chemical Bonds to controversial social issue (Junk Food), in order to promote inter - relations aspects of science, technology and society. The main results showed that the proposed activities, the teaching of Chemical Bonds, through social theme Junk Food, promoted the appreciation of scientific knowledge surpassing the barriers of the classroom to the social context of the learners. For the activities in the modules, provided the relationships between school subjects and everyday aspects of students. Achieving the goals of the proposed CTS for citizenship. Another result obtained includes the preparation of a didactic guide which aims to share activities developed in this study as methodological suggestion for professionals who teach chemistry, and act in the final year of elementary school, high school and technical.

The thesis deals with food preferences of elk (Alces alces) in Czech zoological gardens and contains observation of food preferences in zoo Hluboká nad Vltavou. The results are compared with food offer and preference in the wilds described in literature. The first part of the thesis is aimed at literary review about elk, its characteristic, categorization, distribution and biology. It is focused mainly on the studies dealing with feeding habits and food preferences of elk in the wilds and captivity. The second part describes observation of food preferences of three elks in zoo Hluboká nad Vltavou, provided during 10 feedings. The food quality and composition of feed ration was also evaluated not only in zoo Hluboká nad Vltavou, but also in zoo Praha and zoo Brno (based on information from local zoo keepers). Analysis of variance showed that there are differences in feeding latency between various types of food. Elks preferred dried herbs, carrot and oak bark. On the contrary, elks did not preferred oat flakes and both granules for giraffes and elks. Recommendation for feed ration improving, including also food preferences of the elk were also suggested.