Thesis--Münster. / Bibliography: p. 115-125.

The Domestic Fair Trade (DFT) movement is based on the idea that family farms and small-to -mid-scale farms in the global north are facing many of the same pressures that producers in the global south are facing. Therefore, those participating in food, fiber, and fuel systems in North American should also benefit from fair trade practices. Through the formation of the Domestic Fair Trade Association in the United States, there are now a variety of stakeholders that have come together to find a viable and progressive solution to issues related to fair prices and wages, human rights, environmentally harmful agricultural practices, and food safety and traceability through the framework of fair trade. This study examines how the Domestic Fair Trade movement has been realized in one of the participating groups of stakeholders; consumer food cooperatives. Five cooperatives are assessed to determine their experiences with integrating Domestic Fair Trade into their business practices. Research includes interviews with co-op managers, surveys taken by co-op shoppers, and document analysis of Domestic Fair Trade Association meetings. The research methods provide insight into how DFT intersects with this group of stakeholders and how their experiences relate to what is being discussed at the organizational level of DFT. The research reveals that with the help of the DFTA and the ongoing participation of its members, the United States DFT movement has the potential to create ethical linkages within the food system.

Avec la consécration du principe d’égalité dans la Charte des Nations unies, un imposant corpus de promotion et de protection des droits des femmes a été érigé au niveau international. Au niveau régional africain, sous la pression de mouvements féministes, une volonté politique de promotion et de défense des droits humains fondamentaux des femmes africaines a été impulsée. Dans le contexte ouest-africain, au regard du fort potentiel productif agricole des femmes, compte tenu de la place centrale de l’agriculture dans l’ensemble des dynamiques de développement, la question de l’égalité des sexes et l’autonomisation de la femme, se pose avec acuité. Il s’agit d’une question centrale, aux enjeux essentiels depuis que, les États de la sous-région ouest-africaine se sont engagés sur la voie de la souveraineté alimentaire. La présente étude décrit le statut juridique réel des femmes en Afrique occidentale, analyse en quoi ce statut influe les dynamiques de développement et les stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté et la faim. Prenant comme angle d’analyse les dynamiques organisationnelles mises en place par les femmes agricultrices, elle s’interroge par ailleurs, sur la situation paradoxale de ces dernières, en ce qui concerne d’une part, leur contribution essentielle à la souveraineté alimentaire, et d’autre part, les violations et dénis de droits et, les violences et discriminations sexospécifiques auxquelles elles sont confrontées, et, propose des pistes susceptibles d’exploiter rationnellement et exponentiellement le potentiel des femmes, afin de permettre à la sous-région ouest-africaine de s’engager effectivement, avec sérénité et assurance sur la voie de la souveraineté alimentaire / Since the establishment of the equality principle in the UN Charter in 1945, an impressive women’s right promotion and protection body was subsequently erected worldwide. In Africa, pressure from feminist movements resulted in a political will of African women’s fundamental human rights promotion and defense. Regarding women’s productive potential in the West African context, due to the central role of agriculture in the overall dynamic development, the gender equality and women empowerment issue arise with more interest. This is an issue of cardinal importance since the West African governments committed themselves to insuring food sovereignty. This study describes the true legal status of women in West Africa, analyzes how this status affects the dynamics of development and anti-poverty and hunger strategies. The analysis angle here is the effective organizational structure set up by women farmers and it also examines the paradoxical situation of rural women farmers regarding, on the one hand their vital contribution to food sovereignty, and on the other hand rights violations and denials, and gender-based discrimination they face, and suggests possible ways of rationally and exponentially exploiting women’s potential, in order to enable the West-African sub-region to fully commit itself on the way of food sovereignty with serenity and assurance.

The Swedish alternative food networks landscape is underdeveloped compared to that of the US or the countries of Western Europe, however its development has sped up in recent years. The relationship between the farmer and the food hub is the first one to be built when an Alternative Food Network is being set up and therefore represents a valid starting point in the hitherto scarcely studied field of alternative food distribution in Sweden. The paper used a relationship-marketing framework with the addition of elements from Civic Food Networks conceptualization of Alternative Food Networks in order to explain the creation and maintenance, as a well as the quality and depth of supplier-distributor relationships in two cases of Swedish food hubs. Given the immaturity of the Swedish market, this paper tried to explore the possible variations existing in the landscape. In the case of student-led food cooperative Ultimat and its two studied suppliers, values and larger local food systems goals played the primary role in creating and maintaining the relationship, in spite of the poor economic performance of such a relationship in the eyes of the suppliers. The linkages forged between the two entities are strong due to shared values and common goals. In the case of Bygdens Saluhall, the values play a certain role, but the economic element remains crucial for the farmers. At the same time, the connection is closer and ownership of the project by the farmers more significant. Additionally, points of interest arose for future research, notably the diverging stance of Ultimat’s suppliers vs. Bygdens Saluhall’s suppliers in the question of pro-business food hubs and organization of alternative food networks in general.