Campus foodservice has experienced drastic changes over the twentieth century. Its cafeteria style service has some major advantages in catering the needs of the clientele: speed of service, convenience in food selection, and range of price, and so forth. As enrollments in colleges and universities have been continuously increasing during the past few years, campus foodservice operation is gaining its importance in the foodservice industry. Additionally, it serves as a part of the marketing mix with an appeal to increasing number of students. The campus foodservice administrators are facing increased pressure of cost containment. Therefore, how to improve operational efficiency and productivity has been a major concern among foodservice managers. However, this is difficult to achieve due to the numerous variables likely to influence productivity with interrelating factors, such as policy and standard, employee and management skills, efficiency of facility layout, and so forth. There is a lack of published reports that single out these variables and provide in-depth analysis as to their impact on productivity. Efficiency of kitchen equipment and workplace layout has been identified as a variable that influences labor productivity. It is the objective of this study to utilize the variables inherent in meal production of campus foodservice operations to assess the efficiency of kitchen equipment and workplace layout and determine their impact on with labor productivity. Case studies were conducted in Owens Food Court, Shultz and Dietrick Dining Halls on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University. Work flow analysis and process time analysis of kitchen employees was utilized to collect data in describing work flow and utilization of labor time in meal production among the dining facilities. Ten entree items were purposively sampled from each dining facility. The Product Process Gross Charts, often used in industrial engineering, were used as a major data collecting tool. A total of 150 charts, which included Move Charts, Distance Charts, Travel Charts, Description of By-pass, and Worker Process Time Charts, were utilized extensively for data collection and interpretation. The differences in work flow variables and utilization of labor time variables among the dining facilities were studied. An analysis of the influence of work flow variables on the utilization of labor time was conducted. In addition, the differences in the functioning of work flow variables in affecting utilization of labor time among the dining facilities were also analyzed. The results showed significant differences in absolute travel distance and percentage of time spent walking and (or) for delays among three dining facilities. Further more, collapsed information indicated that absolute travel distance was positively related with percentage of time spent walking and (or) for delays; and that percentage of backward movement was also positively related with percentage of time spent walking and (or) for delays. Based on the findings, it is recommended by the researcher that a smooth work flow should be achieved in kitchen design, and some major equipment and workplace should be located within the direct line of flow. Equipment and workplace should be organized into different "functional clusters". It is also recommended that further research would be useful in identifying additional variables which would account for a great percentage of variance in the utilization of labor time. / Master of Science

Thesis (M. Tech. Environmental health) -- Central University of technology, Free State, 2011 / Millions of people in South Africa eat out every day, utilising the food service sector. Although the lack of an effective reporting system makes it difficult to know how many of these people suffer from food-borne illness, statistics from the developed countries show that this number may be significant. There is, therefore, the need to ensure that the food service sector, which encompasses fast food outlets, hotels and similar accommodation outlets offering food and beverage services, restaurants, caterers, etc., implement effective food safety management systems. Internationally, the trend has been that food safety management systems should be based on the internationally accepted Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles. In South Africa, the implementation of HACCP as a food safety management system has been driven by international trade requirements where foods are exported to countries such as the European Union or the United States of America. A national regulation requiring HACCP implementation was promulgated in 2003, but compliance is not yet required for the food service sector. Currently, neither of the above mentioned factors put adequate pressure on the food service sector to implement formal food safety management systems. However, increasing international tourism and the hosting of international sporting events has brought this sector under scrutiny. Food handlers have been implicated in many outbreaks of food-borne illness and much research has been done to investigate causal factors in this regard. Food handler training has been proposed as a strategy to improve food safety practices. However, research has shown that the traditional provision of food safety and food hygiene knowledge does not equate to improved food safety behaviours. Some authors postulate that the organisational context, created largely by the management of an organisation, is of greater significance than training. Less research is available on these management factors – defined as the situational factors when discussing organisational culture, or defined as enabling and reinforcing factors when discussing food handler behaviour. This study commenced with the hypothesis that food handlers are not able to implement the correct food safety behaviours in the absence of sufficient management support. This support would require appropriate policies regarding food safety, the provision of training and infrastructure and enforcing the correct behaviours by line management, as a minimum. The aim of this study was to investigate and assess the role of line management in relation to food safety at a prominent South African entertainment facility. In order to achieve this, the following objectives were defined for the study: to conduct a qualitative assessment of the role of management in food safety, to assess the role of management in the provision of food safety training and to assess the role of management in the provision of a basic hygiene infrastructure at the study site in order to allow food handlers to carry out the correct behaviours. The objective of conducting a qualitative study of management practices, policies and resource provision with respect to food safety revealed that there was no formal evidence of management commitment to food safety other than the recent provision of food handler training. The findings also indicated a lack of a formal management system for food safety at the study site. In the exploratory survey of food safety training and knowledge, results showed that only 60 % of staff in the survey had received training. This indicates that at the time of the survey, the study site did not fully comply with the minimum legal requirements for food handler training. The results of the employee survey further indicated that employees were aware of the importance of hand washing although it was not possible to determine whether this knowledge was as a result of the training intervention or prior knowledge. Many of the supervisors were not yet trained in food safety and the impact of the food safety training intervention on related behaviours at the site will require further in-depth assessment. Upon investigating the food hygiene infrastructure provided at the study site to allow food handlers to carry out the correct behaviours, findings indicated that although the personnel hygiene programme addressed most of best practice requirements in design, the implementation of the hand washing requirements was not aligned with accepted norms due to the lack of sufficient hand wash basins. The provision of facilities such as sufficient and conveniently located hand wash basins is a management function and findings suggest that, as a priority, management should ensure that they are not contributing to the lack of implementation of the correct food safety behaviours of food handlers as a result of failing to provide the necessary resources. The results of this study should be of value in the food service sector, specifically hotel kitchens, as a guideline to ensure that management plays an effective role in facilitating food safety management systems. A robust food safety and food hygiene training programme for all levels of the organisation is essential in ensuring adequate knowledge of food safety hazards and correct practices. Training should be supported by daily supervision of food safety controls, management commitment and a work environment that supports the implementation of the correct behaviours. Literature has shown that undesirable practices are often deeply rooted in kitchen culture. It has further been commented that culture changes require a top-down approach which usually involves working with the leadership of the organisation. Important policies and procedures generally originate from the management tiers and will always require the concurrence of management in providing resources, altering priorities or otherwise changing how things are done in the organisation. The results of this study are invaluable in highlighting areas in an organisation that could be targeted to change the kitchen culture. Such changes are primarily the responsibility of management. Ultimately, this study endeavours to contribute to the body of knowledge pointing to the role of social-behavioural aspects in ensuring food safety and thereby consumer well-being.

The last eighty years have seen some dramatic changes occurring in the business community, particularly in the area of management leadership. Most significant in this regard is the increased emphasis upon human relations in management. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects that this trend has had on methods of management currently practiced. This is done by means of a survey of supervisors and subordinates conducted in the Dallas metroplex area. The results of this survey suggest that a good supervisor is neither authoritarian nor permissive per se, but rather he is one who recognizes and responds to the variables which determine whether the human relations management approach or the more rigid scientific approach will best suit his particular leadership situation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000751235.pdf: 1844000 bytes, checksum: fe1e9250950e3883126565dd4b35f809 (MD5) / A importância das Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) no preparo, manuseio, armazenamento e distribuição dos alimentos é a principal forma de prevenir e evitar doenças e enfermidades transmitidas pela manipulação e consumo de alimentos. Por meio da implementação das BPF, o setor alimentício passa a contar com uma ferramenta de controle de qualidade, deixando de expor a risco a saúde de consumidores e funcionários. Diante da importância do consumo de tomate para a saúde e da água no preparo e na ingestão humana, este trabalho objetivou aplicar um teste de avaliação de boas práticas de fabricação em estabelecimentos comerciais de Botucatu-SP e avaliar estes produtos e os parâmetros de qualidade. Neste trabalho, as (BPF) foram verificadas em 10 (dez) estabelecimentos, escolhidos aleatoriamente. Aplicou-se check-list constituído de 172 itens. Os estabelecimentos são classificados como grupo I, II ou III, conforme a porcentagem estabelecida pela ANVISA, anexo II. As respostas sobre a adequação incluíram “sim”, “não” e “não se aplica”, baseadas na legislação vigente no país. Foram feitas análises da qualidade microbiológica do tomate e água, Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais, termotolerantes: análises físico-químicas das amostras de água dos estabelecimentos, análises de metais pesados na água com recurso do equipamento de absorção atômica e análise de pesticidas em tomate, no cromatógrafo líquido na cidade de Botucatu–SP, no Departamento de Química e Bioquímica do Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu-SP. No check-list aplicado para verificação das BPF, os restaurantes foram identificados por letras para manter o sigilo profissional e a ética que devem permear os trabalhos de pesquisa, sendo 60% dos estabelecimentos classificados como Grupo II (restaurantes B, C, D, G e J) e 40% (A, E, F e H) como Grupo I. Para a determinação do... / The importance of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in the preparation, handling, storage and distribution of food is the main way to prevent diseases transmitted by it. Through the implementation of GMP, the food industry counts with a tool for quality control, without jeopardizing the health of their customers and employees. Facing the importance of tomato consumption for human health and of water on the preparation and human consumption, this doctoral thesis aims to apply an evaluation test to GMPs at commercial store in Botucatu-SP and evaluate this products for important quality parameters. In this study GMP were observed in 10 (ten) commercial establishments that were selected at random. It was applied a check-list which was in 172 items. Commercial establishments are classified as group I, II or III, according to the percentage commercial store by ANVISA. The possible results included “yes”, “no” and “do not apply”, based on the current Brazilian legislation. Analyses were made of the microbiological quality of tomatoes and water, Most Probable Number (MPN) of total coliforms, thermotolerants: Physical-chemical analysis of the water samples of commercial establishments, heavy metals analyses in the water with the equipment of atomic absorption and analysis of pesticide residues in tomato, in the liquid chromatograph of the city of Botucatu-SP, “Departamento de Química e Bioquímica do Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu-SP”. According to the check-list applied to verification of GMP, restaurants were identified with letters to maintain professional confidentiality, being 60.0% of establishments classified as Group II (restaurants B, C, D, G and J) and 40% (A, E, F and H) as Group I. According to the determination of (MPN) of total coliforms, the collected tomatoes were not within the standards of the current legislation, underscoring the importance of always cleaning and ...

The purposes of this study were. to identify current uses of computers by university foodservice operations and to determine if there.are any differences in computer use among university foodservice operations. The twelve university foodservice directors who responded to the research questionnaire varied significantly in their computer usage and computer characteristics. Institutions serving more than 1,000 meals per day represented 91% of the sample using computers. Chi Square analysis found a significant use of menu-costing programs. The computers were used more than six hours a day by 75% of the sample. The.problems relating to hardware and software selection indicate a lack of assessment of operational needs for foodservice operations. Guidelines to assist foodservice directors in computerization are needed.

The purpose of this study was to develop a Point Of Sale system which helps owners to cut restaurant losses, improve customer service, reduce employee mistakes, and increase profitability. mOrder-Servers is touch screen oprerated at the point of sale, It has an easy to follow screen layout, and the simplicity of a windows based interface.

In the Morder-Client Food Service, a waiter/waitresses orders meals via a wireless handheld device. By reading the order items listed on the screen of a personal computer which is in a kitchen, the cook can make the correct dishes. This system can improve service quality and efficiency.

Orientador: Rogério Lopes Vieites / Banca: Erica Regina Daiuto Bastos / Banca: Magali Leonel / Banca: Priscila Veiga dos Santos / Banca: Flavia Queiroga A. de Almeida / Resumo: A importância das Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) no preparo, manuseio, armazenamento e distribuição dos alimentos é a principal forma de prevenir e evitar doenças e enfermidades transmitidas pela manipulação e consumo de alimentos. Por meio da implementação das BPF, o setor alimentício passa a contar com uma ferramenta de controle de qualidade, deixando de expor a risco a saúde de consumidores e funcionários. Diante da importância do consumo de tomate para a saúde e da água no preparo e na ingestão humana, este trabalho objetivou aplicar um teste de avaliação de boas práticas de fabricação em estabelecimentos comerciais de Botucatu-SP e avaliar estes produtos e os parâmetros de qualidade. Neste trabalho, as (BPF) foram verificadas em 10 (dez) estabelecimentos, escolhidos aleatoriamente. Aplicou-se check-list constituído de 172 itens. Os estabelecimentos são classificados como grupo I, II ou III, conforme a porcentagem estabelecida pela ANVISA, anexo II. As respostas sobre a adequação incluíram "sim", "não" e "não se aplica", baseadas na legislação vigente no país. Foram feitas análises da qualidade microbiológica do tomate e água, Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais, termotolerantes: análises físico-químicas das amostras de água dos estabelecimentos, análises de metais pesados na água com recurso do equipamento de absorção atômica e análise de pesticidas em tomate, no cromatógrafo líquido na cidade de Botucatu-SP, no Departamento de Química e Bioquímica do Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu-SP. No check-list aplicado para verificação das BPF, os restaurantes foram identificados por letras para manter o sigilo profissional e a ética que devem permear os trabalhos de pesquisa, sendo 60% dos estabelecimentos classificados como Grupo II (restaurantes B, C, D, G e J) e 40% (A, E, F e H) como Grupo I. Para a determinação do ... / Abstract: The importance of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in the preparation, handling, storage and distribution of food is the main way to prevent diseases transmitted by it. Through the implementation of GMP, the food industry counts with a tool for quality control, without jeopardizing the health of their customers and employees. Facing the importance of tomato consumption for human health and of water on the preparation and human consumption, this doctoral thesis aims to apply an evaluation test to GMPs at commercial store in Botucatu-SP and evaluate this products for important quality parameters. In this study GMP were observed in 10 (ten) commercial establishments that were selected at random. It was applied a check-list which was in 172 items. Commercial establishments are classified as group I, II or III, according to the percentage commercial store by ANVISA. The possible results included "yes", "no" and "do not apply", based on the current Brazilian legislation. Analyses were made of the microbiological quality of tomatoes and water, Most Probable Number (MPN) of total coliforms, thermotolerants: Physical-chemical analysis of the water samples of commercial establishments, heavy metals analyses in the water with the equipment of atomic absorption and analysis of pesticide residues in tomato, in the liquid chromatograph of the city of Botucatu-SP, "Departamento de Química e Bioquímica do Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu-SP". According to the check-list applied to verification of GMP, restaurants were identified with letters to maintain professional confidentiality, being 60.0% of establishments classified as Group II (restaurants B, C, D, G and J) and 40% (A, E, F and H) as Group I. According to the determination of (MPN) of total coliforms, the collected tomatoes were not within the standards of the current legislation, underscoring the importance of always cleaning and ... / Doutor

The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe the relationship between unit managers' attitudes and practices and the employment status of older workers in a segment of the foodservice industry; and (2) derive implications about the educational and training interventions necessary to facilitate the increased labor force participation of older workers in the industry. Demographic trends influenced the development of this study. The foodservice industry’s heavy reliance on younger workers and reports of potential labor shortages were reasons the study was undertaken. The population consisted of the membership of the National Restaurant Association. From this group a stratified random sample of 480 foodservice units was selected. Data were collected via questionnaires sent to the identified unit managers. The results indicated positive relationships between the employment of older workers and the following variables: establishment of a formal training program; the use of self-paced training methods; and the availability of employment alternatives. Older workers were most frequently employed in the institutional segment of the foodservice industry and in units in which a larger percentage of older managers were employed. Educational and training interventions which would facilitate the employment of older workers were presented. These included: training for managers; training programs for older workers; and employment alternatives. / Ed. D.