acase@tulane.edu / Research into the narrative and interpretation of how undocumented food vendors navigate formal systems raises questions about the relationship between labor, entrepreneurship, migration, and regulation. From taco truck owners to restaurateurs, Latinx food vendors are emblematic of the New Orleans post-Katrina recovery, initially feeding workers who were fundamental in rebuilding the devastated region. Despite the important role they continue to fill and their growing popularity among the non-Latinx community, these foodways purveyors face challenges in accessing political and cultural legitimacy. Using a multi-sited ethnographic framework this research follows workers from Honduras to New Orleans to analyze how these individuals negotiate social policies and precarious economies. Building on accompaniment methodology this study employs community-engaged research to get a more holistic analysis of these migration experiences and adds to the growing field of cultural producer-oriented scholarship. Centering on the shifts in policy and inconsistencies of legislation I argue that the regulation of food vendors maps onto the criminalization of undocumented individuals. Yet despite these vulnerabilities, these narratives demonstrate how Latinx communities are able to forge their own cultural, economic, and political spaces. / 1 / Sarah Fouts

This thesis is placed between the fields of research concerning school and food and food and religion, and aims to document and analyze how different foodways enables or impedes in a multireligious and multicultural school. Three questions were determined concerning the foodscapes environment, school education and pupils’ choice. The study is conducted through a field research with both structured- and participant observations. The field work took place in foodscapes at Frödingskolan in the multicultural district Kronoparken, Karlstad. The data consist of field notes, photographs, data sources, different policy documents, meal plans and applications of special diets. Document analyzes has been conducted on the meal plans and the special diets applications. A demographic analysis of Kronoparken has also been made to contextualize Frödingskolan. The empirical material is analyzed based on theoretical perspectives about food and religion: foodscape, foodways, quasi-religious foodways, taboo foodways, immigration and multiculturalism in a secular society and migration and foodways. The most prominent result of the thesis is that most religious and quasi-religious foodways enables while a few foodways impedes because of taboo for some food at Frödingskolan. However, the school rarely provides meals that correspond with the pupils’ cultural foodways.

Omnivorousness, authenticity, and exoticness are frequently discussed topics in food studies. Scholars have engaged with these concepts in consumerism and foodways. However, there is an existing research gap in the perspectives of restaurants on how they interpret these concepts and negotiate them in their daily operations. Using Shanghai as a case study, I examine how restaurant operators in Shanghai understand gastronomic omnivorousness, authenticity, and exoticness and how they employ them in operations to align with consumers’ desires. Do they admit the existence and importance of these concepts, and how do they interpret them? Do they take action on these ideas based on their understanding? If so, how do they employ omnivorousness, authenticity, and exoticness in restaurant operations? Do they construct their restaurants’ culinary identities, and how? I used semi-structured interviews with restaurant operators in Shanghai to investigate how they interpret omnivorousness, authenticity, and exoticness and employ these concepts in operations. The findings reveal that authenticity and exoticness are socially constructed culinary identities, and uniqueness and distinction are the true causes supporting the credibility and popularity of a restaurant. In addition, the study points out another form of omnivorousness in Shanghai, which has not been shown in previous studies. Finally, this research also shows that some factors in operations are not concerned by restaurant operators to build culinary identities, including ingredients, staff, service, and advertising.

This study explores the evidence for differences in foodways related to status among an enslaved community according to labor-based designations. Specifically, this paper investigates the interplay of a plantation provisioning system and slave responses to the imposed system through the study of faunal remains recovered from discrete slave quarters at James Madison's Montpelier plantation near Orange, Virginia during the so-called Retirement Period of James Madison, approximately encompassing the years A.D. 1810-1836. Through synthesis of data acquired by the author with that of previous investigators, this research reveals subtle variations in the ways in which the different labor groups at Montpelier negotiated the plantation hierarchy through differential access to and acquisition of meat resources within the constraints of the plantation setting. While higher positions within the plantation hierarchy, particularly in the case of the skilled laborers of the Stable Quarter, is inferred, further fine-grained examination of the material culture from the slave quarters at Montpelier is necessary to accurately identify the nuances of status and unravel the power structure at Montpelier.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-191). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-191). Also available on the Internet.

abstract: Foodways in societies at every social scale are linked in complex ways to processes of social change. This dissertation explores the interrelationship between foodways and processes of rapid social transformation. Drawing on a wide range of archaeological and ethnographic data from the Cibola region, I examine the role of foodways in processes of population aggregation and community formation and address how changes in the scale and diversity of social life interacted with the scale and organization of food production and consumption practices. To address the interrelationships between foodways and social transformations, I employ a conceptual framework focused on two social dimensions of food: cuisine and commensality. This study comparatively examines cuisine and commensality through time by investigating a range of interrelated food activities including: food production, storage, preparation, cooking, consumption and discard. While settlement patterns and other more obvious manifestations of aggregation have been studied frequently, by examining foodways during periods of aggregation and social reorganization this study provides new insights into the micro-scalar processes of social transformation, cuisine change, and economic intensification associated with increases in settlement size, density, and social diversity. I document how food production and preparation intensified in conjunction with increases in the size of settlements and the scale of communal commensal events. I argue that foodways were a critical aspect of the social work of establishing and maintaining large, dense communities in the 13th and 14th centuries. At the same time, widespread changes in commensal practices placed a larger burden on household surplus and labor and women were likely the most affected as maize flatbreads and other foods made with finely ground flour were adopted and became central to cuisine. As such, this study provides insights into how rapid social transformations in the late 13th and 14th centuries were experienced differently by individuals, particularly along gendered lines. Studies of foodways, and specifically the social dimensions of food, offer a promising and often underutilized source of information about past processes of population aggregation, social integration, and transformations in the political economies of small-scale societies the past. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2019

This dissertation explores how early modern playwrights articulated complaint and critique through a dramaturgy of hunger. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries England faced poor harvests, changes in land use, and ineffectual government action leading to repeated subsistence crises both actual and perceived. Employing the anthropological concept of “foodways,” which recognizes food’s entanglement in multiple imaginative and material systems of meaning, the dissertation offers a corrective to contemporary literary and cultural scholarship in accounting for the sociopolitical implications of consumption in the context of these crises. Playwrights addressed the inequities of feasting and hunger in England from a range of competing ideological perspectives, engaging with the cultural dilemmas posed by scarcity through the interplay of plenty and want onstage. Chapter One explores the poor harvest of 1586 and the drama produced in its wake, in which hungry tyrants call attention to imaginative tensions within religious framings of hunger as a punishment. Shakespeare’s 2 Henry VI simultaneously presents the rebel Cade as an ambitious glutton and draws attention to the consuming violence of the encloser Alexander Iden. Chapter Two focuses on two historical duologies influenced by the scarcity of the 1590s that re-evaluated governmental discourses condemning specific economic agents for exacerbating dearth. Shakespeare’s Henry IV plays suggest the corruption of Justices Shallow and Silence in tandem with Falstaff, while Thomas Heywood’s Edward IV plays highlight the king’s failures of traditional hospitality. Chapter Three first analyzes how Shakespeare drew on images of James-as-father and Elizabeth-as-nurturing-mother to address the 1607 Midlands Revolt in Coriolanus and Timon of Athens, then explores Thomas Middleton and Thomas Dekker’s The Bloody Banquet, which links the Queen’s starved infants with the appetites of the father-Tyrant’s court and implicitly interrogates the material value of patriarchal political theory. Chapter Four argues that representations of hungry soldiers in early Caroline drama echo Continental military humiliations to indict the royal favorite Buckingham. In The Unnatural Combat, Philip Massinger subverts this paradigm to blame the captain Belgarde’s hunger on the governor’s neglect, condemning Charles I for subsistence failures and suggesting the threat posed by an unchecked royal will. / 2019-03-04T00:00:00Z

A much debated and sensationalized aspect of Classic period Maya history pertains to the understanding of the intersections between foodways, agriculture and collapse. Traditional collapse models focusing on large city centers follow the framework of environmental degradation as a result of swidden agriculture and maize monocropping leading to the Classic period Maya collapse. New research utilizing paleoethnobotanical methodologies has begun to create the foundation for a new understanding of collapse. During the Classic period an amalgamation of agricultural methods including agroforestry, homegardens and milpas coupled with a broad range of food crop species such as manioc, arrowroot, sweet potato, lerén, and canna enabled resiliency of Classic period Maya communities. In the Usumacinta River region within the southern Maya lowlands, Budsilha, a smaller secondary political center of Piedras Negras, provides the ideal location to study Classic period subsistence strategies and plant use. The purpose of this study was to determine which plants were consumed and present in the environment during the Classic period and the role of maize in subsistence relative to wild taxa and root crops. Microbotanical analysis of phytoliths and starch grains recovered from artifact residues, human teeth, and sediments provided evidence of diverse subsistence and agricultural practices. Maya people inhabiting Budsilha during the Classic period grew various drought-resistant crops such as manioc, alongside expected crops like maize. These findings have implications for understanding Classic period Maya foodways, plant use, and the framing of Maya societal “collapse”. Understanding how Maya communities were able to sustain large populations during climatic shifts can provide possible solutions for countries undergoing similar stresses today. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / Plant residues recovered from the archaeological record, have the potential to provide valuable information about a wide range of human-plant activities. Microscopic botanical residues were extracted from sediments and artifacts recovered from Maya archaeological contexts at the Classic period site of Budsilha, Chiapas, Mexico to track plant use and agricultural production. I targeted phytoliths (fossilized plant cells), and starch grains (a plant’s sugar storage unit) which allow for various plant taxa and species to be identified based on their distinctive morphology. This research contributed to the archaeology of the Maya area by providing new information about plant use and agricultural production. Moreover, mapping plant use during the highly populated and possibly environmentally-stressed Maya lowlands during the Classic Period (250-900 CE) reveals how ancient people were able to sustain large populations. This research can provide new insights into best practices in agriculture and environmental sustainability today.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第24021号 / 地博第300号 / 新制||地||117(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科アフリカ地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 重田 眞義, 教授 大山 修一, 准教授 金子 守恵, 教授 高橋 基樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM