Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-08T20:49:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LisztYeltsinCoutinhoMadruga_DISSERT.pdf: 2271075 bytes, checksum: b618178f5d7788b3f44ca35a53e1646c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-11T21:22:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LisztYeltsinCoutinhoMadruga_DISSERT.pdf: 2271075 bytes, checksum: b618178f5d7788b3f44ca35a53e1646c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T21:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LisztYeltsinCoutinhoMadruga_DISSERT.pdf: 2271075 bytes, checksum: b618178f5d7788b3f44ca35a53e1646c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-14 / Nas opera??es de perfura??o de po?os, s?o frequentes os problemas provocados pela contamina??o do fluido de perfura??o. A dissolu??o de ?ons provenientes das forma??es geol?gicas prejudica as propriedades reol?gicas e de filtra??o dos fluidos. Esses ?ons blindam as cargas dos pol?meros i?nicos, podendo levar a sua precipita??o. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo criterioso sobre a estabilidade das propriedades de solu??es aquosas e de fluidos de perfura??o aquosos na presen?a de pol?meros carboxilados e sulfatados, empregando a carboximetilcelulose e a kappa-carragenana como compostos modelo de pol?mero carboxilado e sulfatado, respectivamente. Os efeitos da for?a i?nica do meio aquoso contendo ?ons Na+, Mg2+ e Ca2+ sobre as propriedades reol?gicas das solu??es polim?ricas e dos fluidos de perfura??o foram avaliados variando a concentra??o dos sais, pH e temperatura. Foi observado que os fluidos com ?-carragenana sofreram menor influ?ncia frente ? contamina??o pelos ?ons em pH 9 a 10, mesmo em maiores concentra??es, por?m maior influ?ncia em pH >11. Os fluidos contendo carboximetilcelulose se mostraram mais sens?veis ? contamina??o, com redu??o brusca da viscosidade e aumento significativo do volume de filtrado, enquanto que os fluidos ? base do pol?mero sulfatado kappa-carragenana apresentaram evid?ncias de intera??o com c?tions com preserva??o das propriedades reol?gicas e maior estabilidade no volume de filtrado. / In the well drilling operations problems caused by contamination of the drilling fluid are common. The dissolution of ions from the geological formations affects the rheological and filtration properties of the fluids. These ions shield the charges of ionic polymers, leading to its precipitation. In this work was performed a detailed study on the stability of the properties of aqueous solutions and aqueous drilling fluids in the presence of sulphated and carboxylated polymers, using carboxymethylcellulose and kappa-carrageenan as polymer compounds carboxylated and sulfated model, respectively. The effects of ionic strength of the aqueous medium containing Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ on rheological properties of the polymer and drilling fluids solutions were evaluated by varying the concentration of salts, pH and temperature. It was observed that the fluids with ?-carrageenan suffered less influence against the contamination by the ions at pH 9 to 10, even at higher concentrations, but higher influence on pH> 11. The fluids containing carboxymethylcellulose were more sensitive to contamination, with rapid reduction in viscosity and significant increase of the filtrate volume, while the fluid based polymer sulfated kappa-carrageenan showed evidence of interaction with cations and preserve the rheological properties and improved stability the volume of filtrate.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Vital de Lima_DISSERT.pdf: 1526229 bytes, checksum: 072431027e1aefba9f0023f2f514ae5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The hydrolysis reaction in alkaline conditions of the commercial polymer poly(acrylamide-co-metacrylate of 3,5,5-trimethyl-hexane) called HAPAM, containing 0.75 % of hydrophobic groups, was carried out in 0.1 M NaCl and 0.25M NaOH solutions, varying the temperature and reaction time. The polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Elemental Analysis and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). The values of the hydrolysis degree were obtained by 13C NMR. The viscosity of HAPAM and HAPAM-10N-R solutions was evaluated as a function of shear rate, ionic strength and temperature. At high polymer concentration (Cp), the viscosity of HAPAM solutions increased with the ionic strength and decreased with the temperature. The viscosity of HAPAM-10N-R solutions increased significantly in distilled water, due to repulsions between the carboxylate groups. At high Cp, with the increase of ionic strength and temperature, occurred a decrease of viscosity, due to mainly the high hydrolysis degree and the low amount of hydrophobic groups. These results indicated that the studied polymers have properties more suitable for the application in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in low salinity and moderate temperature reservoirs / A rea??o de hidr?lise em meio alcalino do pol?mero comercial poli(acrilamida-co-metacrilato de 3,5,5 trimetil-hexano) denominado HAPAM, contendo 0,75 % de grupos hidrof?bicos, foi realizada em solu??es de NaCl 0,1 M e NaOH 0,25 M, variando a temperatura e o tempo reacional. Os pol?meros foram caracterizados por Resson?ncia Magn?tica Nuclear (RMN) de 1H e 13C, An?lise Elementar e Cromatografia de Exclus?o por Tamanho (SEC). Os valores do grau de hidr?lise foram obtidos por RMN 13C. A viscosidade das solu??es de HAPAM e HAPAM-10N-R foi avaliada em fun??o da taxa de cisalhamento, for?a i?nica e temperatura. ? alta concentra??o polim?rica (Cp), a viscosidade das solu??es de HAPAM aumentou com a for?a i?nica e diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura. A viscosidade das solu??es de HAPAM-10N-R aumentou significantemente em ?gua destilada, devido ?s repuls?es entre os grupos carboxilato. ? alta Cp, com o aumento da for?a i?nica e da temperatura ocorreu uma diminui??o da viscosidade, devido, principalmente, ao alto grau de hidr?lise e ? baixa quantidade de grupos hidrof?bicos. Estes resultados indicaram que os pol?meros estudados apresentam propriedades mais adequadas para aplica??o na recupera??o avan?ada de petr?leo (EOR) em reservat?rios de baixa salinidade e temperatura moderada

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudioLV.pdf: 1496908 bytes, checksum: 9da02c26d9351b21019488117fc27924 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-28 / Dispersions composed of polyelectrolyte complexes based on chitosan and poly(methacrylic acid), PMAA, were obtained by the dropping method and template polymerization. The effect of molecular weight of PMAA and ionic strength on the formation of chitosan/poly(methacrylic acid), CS/PMAA, complexes was evaluated using the dropping method. The increase in molecular weight of PMAA inhibited the formation of insoluble complexes, while the increase in ionic strength first favored the formation of the complex followed by inhibiting it at higher concentrations. The polyelectrolyte complexation was strongly dependent on macromolecular dimensions, both in terms of molecular weight and of coil expansion/contraction driven by polyelectrolyte effect. The resultant particles from dropping method and template polymerization were characterized as having regions with different charge densities: chitosan predominating in the core and poly(methacrylic acid) at the surface, the particles being negatively charged, as a consequence. Albumin was adsorbed on templatepolymerized CS/PMAA complexes (after crosslinking with glutardialdehyde) and pH was controlled in order to obtain two conditions: (i) adsorption of positively charged albumin, and (ii) adsorption of albumin at its isoelectric point. Adsorption isotherms and zeta potential measurements showed that albumin adsorption was controlled by hydrogen bonding/van der Waals interactions and that brushlike structures may enhance adsorption of albumin on these particles / Dispers?es formadas a partir de complexos polieletrol?ticos de quitosana e de poli(?cido metacr?lico), PMAA, foram obtidas tanto pelo m?todo de gotejamento, como pelo m?todo de polimeriza??o em molde. O efeito da massa molar do PMAA e da for?a i?nica na forma??o dos complexos de quitosana/poli(?cido metacr?lico), CS/PMAA, foi avaliado usando o m?todo de gotejamento. O aumento da massa molar do PMAA inibiu a forma??o dos complexos insol?veis, enquanto o aumento da for?a i?nica primeiramente favoreceu a forma??o dos complexos, depois a inibiu, em altas concentra??es de eletr?litos de baixa massa molar. A complexa??o dos polieletr?litos foi fortemente dependente das dimens?es macromoleculares, tanto em termos da massa molar quanto do efeito de expans?o/contra??o dos novelos, devido ao efeito polieletrol?tico. As part?culas resultantes tanto do m?todo de gotejamento, como da polimeriza??o em molde foram caracterizadas por apresentarem regi?es com diferentes densidades de carga: a quitosana predominantemente presente na regi?o central e o poli(?cido metacr?lico), na superf?cie, sendo, portanto, as part?culas carregadas negativamente. A albumina foi adsorvida nos complexos de CS/PMAA obtidos por polimeriza??o em molde (depois de sofrerem reticula??o covalente usando glutaralde?do) e o pH foi controlado a fim de se obter duas condi??es: (i) adsor??o de albumina carregada positivamente e (ii) adsor??o de albumina em seu ponto isoel?trico. As isotermas de adsor??o e as medidas de potencial zeta mostraram que a adsor??o da albumina foi controlada por liga??es de hidrog?nio/intera??es de van der Waals e que as estruturas em forma de escova puderam aumentar a adsor??o da albumina nessas part?culas