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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Morfofisiologia do capim-elefante adubado com composto orgÃnico proveniente da produÃÃo e do abate de pequenos ruminantes / Morphophysiology of elephant grass fertilized with organic compost from production and slaughter of small ruminants

Abner Josà GirÃo Meneses 28 September 2015 (has links)
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Como todas as demais atividades agropecuÃrias, a criaÃÃo de pequenos ruminante à geradora de resÃduos que, manejados inadequadamente, acarretam em impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. Entretanto, vale salientar que, quando corretamente manejados, os resÃduos oriundos da ovinocaprinocultura apresentam alto potencial como insumos agrÃcolas. Objetivou-se avaliar as caracterÃsticas morfofisiolÃgicas de Pennisetum purpureum cv Cameroon irrigado e submetido a doses de composto orgÃnico proveniente de resÃduos da produÃÃo e do abate de pequenos ruminantes. O experimento foi realizado em capineira de capim-elefante, na Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral-CE. Os tratamentos foram doses do composto orgÃnico (0; 13,3; 26,6; 39,9; 53,2; 79,8 tha-1), alÃm de um tratamento mineral de nitrogÃnio e potÃssio numa dose equivalente a 720 e 900 kgha-1ano-1, respectivamente. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos completos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com medidas repetidas no tempo, onde as parcelas corresponderam a sete doses de composto orgÃnico e um tratamento adicional (adubaÃÃo mineral) e, as subparcelas, quatro ciclos de crescimento da cultura. A eficiÃncia quÃntica potencial (FV/FM) apresentou valor de 0,75 na dose de 79,8 tha-1. PorÃm, a razÃo de decrÃscimo da fluorescÃncia (Rfd) respondeu de maneira quadrÃtica nos ciclos 1 e 2, denotando bom funcionamento do aparato fotossintÃtico ao longo dos ciclos. Nos ciclos 1 e 2, foi verificado a taxa de acÃmulo de forragem mÃxima de 278,9 kg de MSha-1dia-1, na dose de 70,63 tha-1. As variÃveis biomassa de lÃmina foliar verde (BLV) e de colmo verde (BCV) apresentaram comportamento quadrÃtico no ciclo 1, com ponto de mÃximo nas doses 67,73 e 63,05 tha-1, respectivamente. Comportamento semelhante foi verificado para as variÃveis eficiÃncia de uso Ãgua para produÃÃo de lÃmina (EUABLV) e de colmo (EUABCV), com ponto de mÃximo nas doses 62,94 e 60,28 tha-1 do composto. A anÃlise de contraste entre as doses do composto orgÃnico x adubaÃÃo mineral nÃo revelou efeito no primeiro ciclo para a maioria das variÃveis analisadas. Conclui-se que devido à alta taxa de mineralizaÃÃo do nitrogÃnio do composto orgÃnico nos dois primeiros ciclos de crescimento, hà a necessidade da suplementaÃÃo com o uso de adubaÃÃo nitrogenada nos ciclos subsequentes, com o propÃsito de garantir a manutenÃÃo da produtividade. / Similarly to other agricultural activities, small ruminant farming produces waste that, if managed improperly, results in negative environmental impacts. However, when properly managed, sheep and goat farming waste have a high potential to be used as agricultural inputs. This study evaluated the morphological and physiological characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon irrigated and subjected to different levels of organic compost from waste production and slaughter of small ruminants. The experiment was conducted in a cut and carry elephant grass at Embrapa Goats and Sheep, Sobral-CE. The treatments consisted of different levels of the organic compost (0; 13,3; 26,6; 39,9; 53,2; 79,8 tha-1) besides a mineral treatment of nitrogen and potassium equivalent to 720 and 900 kgha-1year-1 , respectively. This was a split-plot randomized complete block design with repeated measures over time, in which the plots corresponded to seven levels of organic compost and an additional treatment (mineral fertilization), and the subplots to four crop growth cycles. The potential quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) showed a value of 0,75 at a level of 79,8 tha-1. The fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd) responded quadratically in cycles 1 and 2, indicating proper functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus over the cycles. In cycles 1 and 2, it was observed the maximum forage accumulation rate of 278,9 kg DMha-1day1 at a level of 70,63 tha-1. Biomass of leaf blades (LDB) and green stems (GCB) presented a quadratic response in cycle 1, with maximum point at the levels 67,73 and 63,05 tha-1, respectively. Similar behavior was found for the variables water use efficiency for blade production (WUELDB) and stem (WUEGCB), with maximum point at the levels 62,94 and 60,28 tha-1 compost. The contrast analysis between the levels of the organic compost x mineral fertilization evidenced no effect in the first cycle for most variables. In conclusion, due to the high rate of mineralization of nitrogen from the organic compost in the first two growth cycles, there is need for supplementation with nitrogen fertilizer in subsequent cycles, for the purpose of maintaining productivity.

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