Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-07-08T15:00:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Jardim Leão.pdf: 5104578 bytes, checksum: 92c8f28d837460c289d345c065fa1b2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T15:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Jardim Leão.pdf: 5104578 bytes, checksum: 92c8f28d837460c289d345c065fa1b2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Milton Valente / A distribuição das associações e abundância de espécies de foraminíferos bentônicos está condicionada a diversos fatores ecológicos, ligados intrinsecamente a aspectos físicos e químicos dos oceanos. A partir de 68 amostras provenientes de dois testemunhos do talude continental da Bacia de Santos (aproximadamente 2.000 metros de lâmina d’água), analisou-se a fauna de foraminíferos bentônicos, bem como os isótopos estáveis de carbono e oxigênio das carapaças. Por meio do estudo sistemático da fauna de foraminíferos bentônicos foram identificados 68.998 espécimes pertencentes a 123 espécies. A caracterização ecológica das espécies identificadas, somada à análise quantitativa de seus padrões de distribuição, possibilitou o registro de alterações no conjunto microfaunístico, atribuídas aos diferentes eventos climáticos. As maiores flutuações na abundância relativa ao longo dos testemunhos resultam dos padrões das três principais espécies: Pseudoparrella exigua, Alabaminella weddellensis e Cassidulina californica. P. exigua tem maior abundância nos estágios glaciais, caracterizando esses períodos como fortemente influenciados por aportes sazonais de fitodetritos, enquanto A. weddellensis domina nos estágios interglaciais, indicando uma deposição mais intensa e contínua de material orgânico. Já C. californica, que teve abundância expressiva tanto em glaciais como em interglaciais, responde a quantidades elevadas de carbono orgânico total nos sedimentos. Embora sejam indicadoras de alta produtividade, essas espécies não apresentaram uma ligação estreita com as águas ricas em nutrientes que dominam nos períodos glaciais. Porém, variações na abundância relativa sugerem períodos com distintas intensidades de fluxo de nutrientes e diferentes origens da matéria orgânica depositada no assoalho oceânico nos últimos 545 mil anos. / The distribution of assemblage and species abundance is conditioned to several ecological factors, related to physical and chemical oceanic aspects. Were analyzed 68 samples of two cores collected in continental slope of Santos Basin (~2,000 m water depth) in relation to the benthic foraminiferal fauna, as well as the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen extracted in shells. Through the systematic study of the benthic foraminiferal fauna were identified 68,998 specimens belonging to 123 species. The ecological characterization of species, in addition to the quantitative analysis of the distribution patterns in the cores, allows the observation of changes in the abundance of certain species, attributed to different climatic events. The largest fluctuations in relative abundance along the cores result from the pattern of three main species: Pseudoparrella exigua, Alabaminella weddellensis e Cassidulina californica. Pseudoparrella exigua is more abundant during glacial stages, characterizing these periods as strongly influenced by seasonal phytodetritus input, while Alabaminella weddellensis dominates in the interglacial stages, indicating a more intense and continuous deposition of organic material. Cassidulina californica, that had significant abundance in both stages, responds to high amount of total organic carbon in sediments. Even being indicative of high productivity, these species did not show a close link with the nutrient-rich waters that dominate the glacial stages. However, variations in relative abundance suggest periods with different intensities of flow of nutrients and different sources of organic matter deposited on the ocean floor in the last 545 kyr.

Understanding how coral reefs have developed in the past is crucial for placing contemporary ecological and environmental change within appropriate reef-building timescales (i.e. centennial to millennial). On Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR), coral reefs situated within nearshore settings on the inner continental shelf are a particular priority. This is due to their close proximity to river point sources, and therefore susceptibility to reduced water quality as the result of extensive modification of adjacent river catchments following European settlement in the region (ca. 1850 CE). However, the extent of water quality decline and its impact on the coral reefs of the GBR’s inner-shelf remains contentious and is confounded by a paucity of long-term (> decadal) datasets. Central to the on-going debate is uncertainty related to the impact of increased sediment loads, relative to the natural movement and resuspension of terrigenous sediments, which have accumulated on the inner-shelf over the last ~6,000 years. The main aim of this thesis was to characterise and investigate the vertical development of turbid nearshore coral reefs on the central GBR. This aim was achieved through the recovery of 21 reef cores (3 - 5 m in length) from five proximal turbid nearshore reefs, currently distributed across the spectrum of reef ‘geomorphological development’ within the Paluma Shoals reef complex (PSRC). The recovered reef cores were used to establish detailed depositional and palaeoecological records for the investigation of the (1) internal development and vertical accretionary history of the PSRC; and (2) compositional variation in turbid nearshore coral and benthic foraminiferal assemblages during vertical reef accretion towards sea level. Established chronostratigraphic and palaeoecological records were further used to assess the impact of post-European settlement associated water quality change in a turbid nearshore reef setting on the central GBR. Radiocarbon dating (n = 96 dates) revealed reef initiation within the PSRC to have occurred between ~2,000 and 1,000 calibrated years before present, with subsequent reef development occurring under the persistent influence of fine-grained (< 0.063 mm) terrigenous sediments. The internal development of the PSRC was characterised by discrete reef facies comprised of a loose coral framework with an unconsolidated siliciclastic-carbonate sediment matrix. A total of 29 genera of Scleractinian coral and 86 genera of benthic foraminifera were identified from the palaeoecological inventory of the PSRC. Both coral and benthic foraminiferal assemblages were characterised by distinct assemblages of taxa pre-adapted to sediment stress (i.e. low light availability and high sedimentation). At the genus level, no discernable evidence of compositional change in either coral or benthic foraminiferal assemblages was found, relative to European settlement. Instead, variations in assemblage composition were driven by intrinsic changes in prevailing abiotic conditions under vertical reef accretion towards sea level (e.g. hydrodynamic energy, light availability, and sedimentation rate). These findings therefore highlight the importance for considering reef ‘geomorphological development’ when interpreting contemporary reef ecological status. Furthermore, this research emphasises the robust nature of turbid nearshore reefs and suggests that they may be more resilient to changes in water quality than those associated with environmental settings where local background sedimentary conditions are less extreme (e.g. towards the inner/mid-shelf boundary). To this end, this thesis presents new baseline records with which to assess contemporary ecological and environmental change within turbid nearshore settings on the central GBR.

Investigating past changes in Earth's climate can provide useful information for assessing future climate change scenarios. Planktic foraminifera preserved in marine sediment are commonly used as a tool to reconstruct past environmental change. Here I present a combination of modern census and multinet data from the North Pacific, a new compilation of global census data, a new global calibration for Mg/Ca ratios in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, and foraminifera assemblage, trace element, and boron isotope data from the North Pacific spanning the last deglaciation. New modern census data from the North Pacific shows that two key sub-polar proxy carrying species, N. pachyderma and Globigerina bulloides, predominantly live between 0-50 m in the water column. Global planktic foraminifera diversity is observed to be driven primarily by sea surface temperature, with upwelling and ocean productivity providing key secondary roles. In the North Pacific, a preservation bias of N. pachyderma over G. bulloides is observed when comparing multinet and core-top samples, highlighting the importance of tracking dissolution during downcore studies. To improve the use of Mg/Ca ratios in N. pachyderma downcore, I produced a new global calibration with a temperature sensitivity of 6 % per °C. This calibration was combined with boron isotope and Mg/Ca data from sediment core MD02-2489 to investigate changes in North Pacific circulation, productivity, and CO₂ during the last deglaciation. Two intervals of high surface CO₂ were observed, the first during Heinrich Stadial 1, where deep ventilation mixed CO₂ and nutrients throughout the water column. The second occurred during the Bølling-Allerød, where stratification pooled nutrients and CO₂ in surface waters, leading to enhanced productivity and CO₂ outgassing. Overall, this thesis improves the use of planktic foraminifera as tools for investigating past climate change and highlights the role of the North Pacific in deglacial CO₂ release.

La marge ibérique est un milieu biologiquement productif régit par l'influence d'un upwelling saisonnier et des apports continentaux. Les foraminifères benthiques sont des protistes matins qui présentent une grande sensibilité aux conditions environnementales. Ils apparaissent ainsi comme des bio-indicateurs particulièrement efficaces dans ce type de contexte. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, les faunes de foraminifères benthiques, vivants, morts et fossiles prélevées sur un total de 23 carottes interfaces et deux carottes et deux carottes piston, essentiellement situées au débouché de quatre feluves ouest-ibériques majeurs (Douro, Mondego, Tage et Sado) ont été étudiés.Cette analyse faunistique, conjointe à des mesures sédimentaires et géochimiques a permis d'identifier l'impact de la qualité de la matière organique, et donc des apports fluviatiles sur la distribution des faunes vivantes en période hivernale. La comparaison des faunes mortes et vivantes sur les premiers centimètres de sédiments illustre la variation saisonnière de la réponse faunistique à l'upwelling et aux apports continentaux. Elle met également en évidence l'impact des processus taphonomiques sur la conservation de ces bio-indicateurs en vue de permettre une meilleure compréhension du signal fossile de ces faunes. L'application paléoenvironnementale de ces bio-indicateurs a été menée sur une carotte longue prélevée au large du Tage qui permet une reconstruction des derniers 5700 ans cal. BP. Elle a permis de mettre en évidence des périodes caractérisées par des apports importants de matière organique issus du fleuve ainsi que des variations de l'intensité de l'upwelling. / The Iberian Margin is a highly productive system driven by coastal upwelling and river inputs. Benthic foraminifera are marine protists particularly sensitive to environmental conditions. Hence they appear well suited bio-indicators for such environment. In the framework of this thesis, living, dead and fossil benthic foraminifera were analized on 23 surface sediment cores and two piston cores essentially from locations off the major rivers of the Portuguese Coast (Douro, Mondego, Tagus and Sado). This faunal analysis, combined with sedimentary and geochemical measurements allow thhe identification of the impact of fluvial exports and organic matter quality during the late winter period. The comparison of dead and living communities, on the first few centimeters of the sediment, shows the seasonal variation of faunas controlled by upwelling activity and riverine discharges intensity. The impact of taphonomical processes on the preservation of these bio-indicators is also investigated in the perspective of a better understanding ofthe fossil signal of these faunas. The paleoenvironmental application of these bio-indicators was then conducted on a 10 m long core from the Tagus shelf that allows paleoreconstruction for the last 5,700 cal. yr BP. The fossil benthic foraminifera record shows that some periods were characterized by intense river runoff and others by variable intensity of the seasonal upwelling.

Lower Devonian foraminifera are known from only a few localities globally and thus are not much investigated. The taxonomy, as well as further use of this group is insufficiently known. One of the main areas of research of foraminifera is the Barrandian area in the Czech Republic. This thesis follows previous studies of this territory but focuses particulary on the Prag formation, which has proven to be rich in foraminifera communities. Taxonomic studies were conducted at two Lower Devonian sites, namely the Na Stydlých vodách quarry and the Požáry quarry. The study showed that foraminifera communities described from the Na Stydlých vodách quarry were dominated by the following genera: Hyperammina, Colonammina and Tolypammina. The highest abundance was recorded at the transition of dvorecko-prokopské limestones and řeporyje limestones and in dvorecko-prokopské limestones. At the Požáry quarry, the communities were dominated by tubular genera of Tolypammina, Hyperammina and Bathysiphon and spherical genera of Lagenammina and Colonammina. The abbundance of Colonammina is unusually high, the genus has been described rarely from other parts of the world so far.

O presente estudo compreendeu a caracterização dos estuários de Santos/São Vicente e Cananéia quanto aos processos naturais e antrópicos; e o estudo de traçadores biológicos - foraminíferos. Estas regiões foram escolhidas, sobretudo devido ao antagonismo no que tange o impacto antrópico e, ainda, à sua complexidade ambiental. Os resultados hidrogeoquímicos, nutrientes e concentração de metais confirmaram a maior influência humana no estuário de Santos/São Vicente, principalmente na área mais interna do sistema, em comparação com a baixa influência antropogênica do estuário de Cananéia. A distribuição dos foraminíferos bentônicos como traçadores do gradiente de tensão ecológica (natural e antrópica) foi discutida a partir da análise de amostras coletadas nos sedimentos superficiais dos estuários, comparando-se a fauna, porém, sem desconsiderar as divergências espaciais das áreas em questão. Amostras foram coletadas para realização de análise qualitativa e quantitativa, além da análise micrométrica das testas dos foraminíferos. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a distribuição das associações de foraminíferos refletiu o padrão natural em Cananéia, no que diz respeito tanto a abundância quanto ao tamanho específico. Os dados biométricos revelaram que a região de Cananéia concentra os maiores diâmetros médios, que estão sempre associados com as campanhas de inverno. Tal fato evidencia que a matéria orgânica elevada no verão contribui para o aumento da população e não de tamanho médio de organismos. Isso demonstra um esforço reprodutivo que provavelmente visa aproveitar a disponibilidade de alimento do verão. Outros resultados pertinentes foram: estabelecimento das espécies Buliminella elegantissima e Pararotalia cananeiaensis em locais que não são correspondentes no que diz respeito às características ambientais, denotando a plasticidade destas espécies em traçar uma rota de transporte e estabelecimento, que geralmente está relacionado à deposição da matéria orgânica. A partir dos dados obtidos pode-se concluir que os foraminíferos se comportam de maneira singular, de acordo com o tensor que está regendo seu estabelecimento, e através da análise de sua distribuição, foi possível inferir se um tensor antrópico ou ambiental influenciou o estabelecimento de espécies de foraminíferos nos estuários de Santos e Cananéia. / This study had as a goal to characterize two estuaries, Santos/São Vicente and Cananéia, regarding to natural and anthropogenic parameters. Besides that, the biological trace elements - foraminiferal assemblage. The study has been held along the two estuarine areas, and both of them have shown bio-geographical patternal patches. These study areas were chosen in accordance with their antagonist impact approach and their environmental complexity. Among the advantages on developing studies that uses bioindicators to evaluate na environmental quality patterns, it is evident the large amount of experiments on the water and sediments that these areas are constantly under over than three decades. The hydrochemical results, organic content and heavy metal confirm the human influence at Santos estuary, mainly in the internal áreas, in comparison with the low rate anthropogenic influence from Cananéia estuary. Foraminiferal distribution as a ecológical tracer, both natural and human made, was discussed from sediment samples from both áreas, but always concerning about the oceanographic differences. Samples were picked up aldo to biometric analysis on the foraminiferal shells. Results show that foraminiferal distribution follows the natural patterns as the first way, both relating to abundance and size. Biometric data revealed that the largest diameter average was always associated with the winter samples. It is such evidence that the high level of organic matter contributes incrising the population, but no longer raising its diameter size. This is a sight for a reproductive effort in order to not miss out food availability during the summer. Another relevant result is: Buliminella elegantissima and Pararotalia cananeiaensis establishment in areas where they wouldnt normally settle down, denoting they do not correspond with the same variable in both study areas. This fact evidences the plasticity of these species on fitting different environment characteristic in order to establish and to reproduce. This is generally associated with organic matter deposition and makes foraminiferal distribution a singular pattern that allows determining a natural or an anthropogenic influence.

A Bacia de Pelotas, localizada na porção sul da margem continental brasileira, foi formada a partir da fragmentação do supercontinente Gondwana e preenchida por sedimentos essencialmente siliciclásticos desde o Cretáceo. A ausência de rochas vulcânicas apropriadas para a datação através de métodos radiométricos na seção terciária da bacia e a abundância de microfósseis de parede calcária, constitui um cenário favorável para a utilização da razão isotópica de estrôncio visando à obtenção de dados cronoestratigráficos. Além dos microfósseis de parede calcária, a ocorrência conspícua de microfósseis de parede orgânica caracteriza esta seção como adequada para a realização de correlações biocronoestratigráficas. Uma síntese dos dados bioestratigráficos publicados é aqui apresentada com o intuito de verificar a ocorrência de descontinuidades temporais na sucessão sedimentar da bacia. Posteriormente, a avaliação da preservação das testas de foraminíferos foi realizada a fim de fornecer elementos para selecionar as amostras a serem utilizadas nas análises e verificar a consistência dos dados isotópicos. Foram reconhecidos quatro tipos de alterações diagenéticas em diferentes níveis estratigráficos da base para o topo: recristalização (neomorfismo), cimentação, recobrimento por filme oxidado e dissolução. Dados da razão isotópica de estrôncio, oxigênio e carbono e da razão Sr/Ca, foram obtidos a partir da análise de amostras provenientes de quatro poços. Adicionalmente, uma abordagem bioestratigráfica e paleoambiental foi possível com base no estudo dos foraminíferos e palinomorfos de dois intervalos testemunhados em dois poços, um na região emersa e outra na submersa, constituindo uma seção de referência para correlação. Com base no estudo dos testemunhos foi proposto um arcabouço estratigráfico de alta resolução, tendo sido identificado um hiato de 2 Ma na seção do mesomioceno e um evento transgressivo entre o meso e o neomioceno. Em uma abordagem mais ampla, o arcabouço cronoestratigráfico da seção do Paleogeno-Neogeno de quatro sondagens foi detalhado. Foram reconhecidos seis hiatos: (i) no Paleogeno, (ii) no eoeocenomesoeoceno, (iii) no mesoeoceno, (iv) entre o neoeoceno e o eoligoceno, (v) no eomioceno e (vi) entre o eomioceno e o meso/neomioceno. Os hiatos identificados, exceto aquele entre o eoeoceno e o mesoeoceno, foram interpretados como disconformidades associados a eventos globais. Uma queda do nível do mar a 10.4 Ma gerou uma disconformidade que pode estar relacionada ao início da deposição do Cone do Rio Grande. Quedas do nível do mar a nível global são as prováveis causas das descontinuidades reconhecidas em 18,5 Ma, 31,5 Ma e 40,5 Ma. O hiato identificado no eoeoceno-mesoeoceno (53-47,9 Ma) foi por sua vez interpretado como uma seção condensada. Do eoeoceno ao neoligoceno, uma tendência de resfriamento associada à abertura da Passagem de Drake foi registrada com base na curva de isótopos de oxigênio. Com base nos dados de δ13C observou-se uma tendência de aumento de produtividade do neoligoceno ao eomioceno, a qual provavelmente está associada a uma fase de aquecimento. Uma nova fase de resfriamento, relacionada ao restabelecimento da calota de gelo na Antártica, foi registrada na seção do neomioceno em ciclos de aproximadamente 400.000 anos. / The Pelotas Basin, situated in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Margin, is filled with siliciclastic sediments deposited from Cretaceous to Holocene. The absence of volcanic strata appropriate to radiometric dating and the abundance of calcareous microfossils constitute a favorable scenario for the use of strontium isotope ratio to obtain chronostratigraphic data for the Tertiary section of the basin. Furthermore, the conspicuous occurrence of organic-walled microfossils makes this section suitable for biochronostratigraphic correlations. A synthesis of the biostratigraphic data published is presented in order to recognize discontinuities in the stratigraphic record. Afterward, the assessment of the foraminifera tests preservation was effectuated with the purpose of providing criteria to select the samples to be analyzed and verify the consistency of the isotopic data. Four types of diagenetic alterations were recognized in different stratigraphic levels, from the base to the top of the studied section: recrystallization, cementation, oxidized coatings and dissolution. Strontium, oxygen and carbon isotope ratios and Sr/Ca ratio were performed in foraminifera tests from four drill-holes. Foraminifera and palynomorphs recovered from cores of two wells located on onshore and offshore regions provided a biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental information, constituting a reference section for correlation. Based on the core study, a highresolution biostratigraphic framework is proposed, in which a hiatus of 2 Ma is identified in the middle Miocene, as well as a transgressive event in the middle-late Miocene. In a broader approach, a chronostratigraphic framework is presented for the Paleogene-Neogene section of four drill-holes. Six hiatuses were recognized: (i) Paleocene, (ii) early-middle Eocene, (iii) middle Eocene, (iv) late Eocene - early Oligocene, (v) early Miocene, and (vi) early Miocene - middle/late Miocene. The identified hiatuses, except that of early-middle Eocene, were interpreted as disconformities in association with global events. A sea-level fall at 10.4 Ma may be related to the deposition of Rio Grande Cone. Global eustatic sea-level falls produced the disconfomities recognized at 18.5 Ma, 31.5 Ma and 40.5 Ma. The hiatus recognized in the early Eocene was interpreted as a condensed-section deposited between 53.7 and 47.9 Ma. From the early Eocene to the late Oligocene, a trend of cooling registered using oxygen and carbon isotopes may be related to the opening of the Drake Passage. Based on δ13C, a trend of increasing productivity probable driven by warming was observed from the late Oligocene to the early Miocene. Another cooling phase was registered in the late Miocene section which can be related to the reestablishment of the ice-sheet in Antarctica. This interval is punctuated of short-term cycles of approximately 400 ky.

O presente estudo integra informações bioestratigráficas e paleoecológicas obtidas através da análise de foraminíferos planctônicos e bentônicos recuperados dos sedimentos provenientes de cinco poços (1-MAS-1, 1-MAS-3A, 1-MAS-4A, 1-MAS-14 e 1-MAS-15) da Bacia de Barreirinhas, perfazendo um total de 127 amostras de calha preparadas e analisadas. Os sedimentos aqui analisados abrangem os andares Albiano superior ao Campaniano superior com registro geológico inserido nos grupos Caju (Albiano - Cenomaniano) e Humberto de Campos (Turoniano - Maastrichtiano). Através dos dados bioestratigráficos obtidos foi possível estabelecer sete biozonas de foraminíferos, de caráter local, com base na última ocorrência do táxon guia (LAD - Last Appereance Datum). O Albiano superior foi definido com base nas biozonas do foraminífero planctônico Ticinella primula Lauterbacher (1963) e foraminíferos bentônicos Lingulogavelinella albiensis Malapris (1965)-Gyroidina bandyi Trujillo (1960); o Cenomaniano inferior foi determinado através das biozonas do foraminífero planctônico Globigerinelloides bentonensis Morrow (1934) e foraminífero bentônico Coronorotalites aptiensis Bettenstaedt (1952); o Cenomaniano superior foi reconhecido através das biozonas do foraminífero planctônico Rotalipora appeninica Renz (1936) e foraminífero bentônico Gavelinella intermedia Berthelin (1880); o Campaniano superior foi determinado com base na biozona do foraminífero planctônico Heterohelix pulchra Brotzen (1936). Após a identificação da microfauna, foi possível reconhecer 108 espécies de foraminíferos pertencentes a cinco subordens: a Subordem Globigerinina, de foraminíferos planctônicos, é representada por 40 espécies e 15 gêneros; os foraminíferos bentônicos são compostos por 68 espécies e 48 gêneros, pertencentes as Subordens Rotaliina, Textulariina, Lagenina e Miliolina. Através da análise da assembléia de foraminíferos, foi possível traçar a CCD (Carbonate Compensation Depth - Profundidade de Compensação do Carbonato) nos poços e separá-los com base na profundidade em: distais (1-MAS-1 e 1-MAS-14) e proximais (1-MAS-3A, 1-MAS-4A e 1-MAS-15). Observou-se que a Bacia de Barreirinhas possui uma tendência geral transgressiva ao longo do Período Cretáceo, caracterizada por meio do influxo sedimentar através de variações climáticas, como o aquecimento global ocorrido neste período. Esta teoria é reforçada pela completa ausência de tecas calcárias, tanto de foraminíferos bentônicos, quanto planctônicos, associada à ocorrência exclusiva de bentônicos aglutinantes e silicosos (Reophax globosus) nos poços distais ao final do Período Cretáceo. Nos poços 1-MAS-3A, 1-MAS-4A e 1-MAS-15, a fauna de foraminíferos identificada apresenta adaptações morfológicas a condições de baixa oxigenação na coluna d'água, características normalmente observadas durante os Eventos Oceânicos Anóxicos (Oceanic Anoxic Event - OEA). Como exemplo destas adaptações morfológicas, foram identificadas três espécies pertencentes ao gênero Schakoina, que possui câmaras alongadas e a espécie Biticinella breggiensis, que possui câmaras bilobadas, sugerindo um aumento na produtividade primária, disponibilidade de nutrientes e paleoambientes depletados em oxigênio. Com base nestas informações foi possível identificar que um Evento Anóxico de caráter local tenha ocorrido durante o Albiano superior, registrado somente nos poços 1-MAS-3A e 1-MAS-4A, enquanto que o Evento Anóxico Global 2 foi registrado no poço 1-MAS-15. / This study integrates biostratigraphic and paleoecological information obtained through of planktonic and benthic foraminifera analysis from sediment recovered from five wells (1-MAS-1, 1-MAS-3A, 1-MAS-4A, 1-MAS-14 and 1-MAS-15) of Barreirinhas Basin, making a total of 127 samples prepared and analyzed. The sediments analyzed here cover the upper Albian to upper Campanian stages with geological record inserted in the Caju (Albian - Cenomanian) and Humberto de Campos (Turonian - Maastrichtian) groups. Through the biostratigraphic data obtained it was possible to establish seven foraminiferal biozones, of local character, based on the last occurrence of taxon guide (LAD - Last Appereance Datum). The upper Albian was defined based on planktonic foraminifera biozones of Ticinella primula Lauterbacher (1963) and benthic foraminifera Lingulogavelinella albiensis Malapris (1965)-Gyroidina Bandy Trujillo (1960); the lower Cenomanian was determined through the planktonic foraminifera biozones of Globigerinelloides bentonensis Morrow (1934) and benthic foraminifera Coronorotalites aptiensis Bettenstaedt (1952); the upper Cenomanian was recognized through the planktonic foraminifera biozones of Rotalipora appeninica Renz (1936) and benthic foraminifera Gavelinella intermedia Berthelin (1880); the upper Campanian was determined based on the planktonic foraminifera biozone Heterohelix pulchra Brotzen (1936). After the identification of microfauna, was possible to recognize 108 species of foraminifera belonging to five suborders: the Suborder Globigerinina, of planktonic foraminifera, is represented by 40 species and 15 genera; the benthic foraminifera are composed of 68 species and 48 genera, belonging to the suborders Rotaliina, Textulariina, Lagenina and Miliolina. Through analysis of foraminifera assemblage it was possible to trace the CCD (Carbonate Compensation Depth) in the wells and separate them based on depth in: distal (1-MAS-1 and 1-MAS-14) and proximal (1-MAS-3A, 1-MAS-4A and 1-MAS-15). It was noted that the Barreirinhas Basin has an overall transgression during the Cretaceous Period, characterized by sedimentary influx through weather changes, like global warming that occurred during this period. This theory is enhanced by the complete absence of calcareous tests, both of benthic as planktonic foraminifera associated with the exclusive occurrence of agglutinating and arenaceous benthic (Reophax globosus) in the distal wells of the end of Cretaceous Period. In the wells 1-MAS-3A, 1-MAS-4A and 1-MAS-15, the foraminifera fauna identified presents morphological adaptations to conditions of low oxygen in the water column, features typically seen during the Oceanic Anoxic Event (OEA's). As examples of these morphological adaptations, was identified three species of the Schakoina genera, which has elongated chambers and Biticinella breggiensis species, which has bilobeted chambers, suggesting an increase in the primary productivity, nutrient availability and paleoenvironments depleted in oxygen. Based on this information it was possible to identify a local character anoxic events occurred during the upper Albian, recorded only in a well 1-MAS-3A and 1-MAS-4A, while the global anoxic event 2 was recorded in a well 1-MAS-15.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-09-16T12:36:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Krahl_.pdf: 3540605 bytes, checksum: f897aa64ffa767d4eab27ec750818120 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T12:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Krahl_.pdf: 3540605 bytes, checksum: f897aa64ffa767d4eab27ec750818120 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / O Paleoceno caracteriza-se por um intervalo que sucede o evento de extinção em massa do K/Pg, o qual afetou diversos grupos fósseis. Seu estudo, portanto, revela não apenas padrões sequenciais de radiação evolutiva como processos relacionados à complexa recuperação dos ecossistemas marinhos. Devido a suas características ecológicas os foraminíferos planctônicos são uma importante ferramenta paleoceanográfica para a compreensão da evolução físico-química dos sistemas pelágicos, bem como da evolução do grupo ao longo do Paleoceno. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetiva a caracterização bioestratigráfica e paleoecologica com base em foraminíferos planctônicos paleógenos do testemunho DSDP Site 356 (Leg 39), localizado no Atlântico Sul ocidental. / The Paleocene is characterized by an interval that succeeds the K-Pg mass extinction event which affected several fossil groups. In its study reveals not only a sequential pattern of evolutionary radiation but also processes related to the complex recovery of marine ecosystems. Due to their ecological characteristics the planktonic foraminifera are an important paleoceanographic tool for the understanding of the physicochemical evolution of marine pelagic systems as well as the evolution of the group along the Paleocene. In this context, this paper aims to conduct a biostratigraphic and paleoecological analysis based on Paleogene planktonic foraminifera assemblages (Danian/Seladriano) from the DSDP Site 356 (Leg 39) drilled in the western South Atlantic.

Increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 are in dynamic equilibrium with the oceans. The absorption of CO2 by seawater causes a decrease in seawater pH and calcite saturation state (SS). This process, termed ocean acidification, exerts deleterious effects on marine calcifiers. Studies of symbiont-bearing large benthic foraminifera (LBF) have reported a generally unfavorable response to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide ([CO2]). Experiments and analyses were undertaken to examine the effect of increased [CO2] on the growth rate, ultrastructure, stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen, as well as Mg/Ca of the high-Mg miliolid Archaias angulatus and the low-Mg rotalid Amphistegina gibbosa. A CO2-injection culture study was performed at pH 8.0, 7.8 and 7.6, corresponding to CO2 concentrations of approximately 400 ppm, 800 ppm, and 1,300 ppm. After 2, 4, or 6 weeks of treatment, bags containing groups of approximately 20 previously-imaged live specimens were removed and prepared for the aforementioned analyses. Archaias angulatus responded to increased [CO2] by reducing test growth rate at 1,300 ppm CO2 (pH 7.6) by 50% (p < 0.01, r2 = 36%), increasing its pore area (F(2,3477) = 103.37, p West Florida shelf LBF carbonate production attributed to LBF was estimated by combining interpolations of SS calcite at three treatment levels, corresponding to pH 8.1 (400 ppm CO2), pH 7.8 (800 ppm CO2), and pH 7.6 (1,300 ppm CO2), with a map of the carbonate fraction of seafloor sediment. Growth rates for 10 species were estimated in a meta-analysis of culture studies; these rates were used to model the response of miliolids and rotalids to increased [CO2]. In the model, rotalids responded to higher CO2 concentrations by reducing their average adult size by 20% at 800 ppm CO2 and 40% at 1,300 ppm CO2. Miliolids responded by reducing their average adult size by 40% at 800 ppm CO2 and 75% at 1,300 ppm CO2. Modeled LBF carbonate production for the west Florida shelf is 7 Mt at 400 ppm, 4.8 Mt at 800 ppm, and 2.5 Mt at 1,300 ppm. In a high CO2 world, low-Mg rotalids exhibit modest reductions in test growth rates and carbonate production, whereas high-Mg miliolids exhibit major reductions in test growth rates and carbonate production.