Cette thèse étudie la façon dont le métissage (honhyol en coréen), longtemps rejetée dans la société coréenne qui reposait sur une idée nationale obsédée par la lignée, est progressivement devenu un problème public qui rappelle l’intervention active de l’État connue sous le nom de « politiques multiculturelles ». La thèse s'appuie sur les résultats d'une analyse socio-historique qui porte sur trois différents métissages dans l'histoire coréenne: les enfants de parents japonais et coréen durant la colonisation japonaise (1910-1945); les métis de soldats américains et de femmes coréennes avant et après la guerre de Corée (1945-1980); et les enfants issus de mariages mixtes entre Coréens et immigrants à partir de 1990. D'une part l'analyse révèle que la dialectique de l'inclusion et de l’exclusion est au centre de l’histoire de la « question du métissage ». Alors que la question du métissage a le plus souvent été cachée et avait disparu avec l’accession à l’indépendance de la Corée et l’envoi des enfants métis aux États-Unis au nom de la pureté de la nation, le processus actuel de mise en place de la politique dite « multiculturelle » suscite au contraire de nouvelles évocations du métissage et de singulières expressions de l'identité métisse. D’autre part, elle montre que cette valorisation du métissage d’aujourd’hui est étroitement liée au développement du multiculturalisme à la manière coréenne. Le multiculturalisme est de plus en plus employé pour intégrer des familles ayant au moins un enfant métis qui peut être perçu comme Coréen par filiation paternelle mais aussi comme une solution pour la crise démographique causée par le faible taux de natalité et le vieillissement de sa population. Bien qu’on assiste à une évolution de la société coréenne allant vers plus d’inclusion et d’intégration à l’égard des métis et à une attitude ouverte envers la différence culturelle, l’idée nationaliste « raciale » demeure même dans des projets politiques du multiculturalisme. / This dissertation examines how the perception of "mixed-race" (honhyol in Korean), that was rejected for a longtime in Korean society based on a national idea obsessed with lineage, has gradually become a public problem that called the active intervention of the government known as "multicultural policies". The study draws on research from a socio-historical analysis of three diffrent "mixed-race" generations in Korean history: mixed-race people of Japanese and Korean parents during Japanese colonization (1910-1945); "mixed-race" born between American soldiers and Korean women under U.S. military occupation (1945-1980); and children of mixed marriage between Koreans and foreign brides from 1990s. On the one hand, the analysis reveals that the dialectic of inclusion and exclusion is at the center of the history of the "mixed-race" issue. While Korea's independence and international adoption of the United States had masked the issue of "mixed-race" in Korea in the name of purity of the nation, recent introduction of the so-called "multicultural policies" provokes nuanced perspectives of "mixed-race" identities. On the other hand, it shows that this today's valorization of "mixed-race" is closely linked to the development of a Korean type of multiculturalism, and not solely a dialogue of inclusion versus exclusion. Multiculturalism is increasingly being used to integrate families with at least one "mixed-race" child who may be perceived as Korean by paternal affiliation but also as a solution to the demographic crisis caused by the low birthrate and its aging population. Although Korean society is moving towards more inclusion and integration of "mixed-race" people and an open-minded attitude to cultural differences, that "racial" nationalist idea remains even with current efforts toward political and social multicultural initiatives and changes.

For foreign and Mainland China spouses who were born in foreign countries but immigrated to Taiwan due to marriage, they probably come to Taiwan to pursue a better life and thus become our neighbors. However, owing to the differences in cultural background between them and the Taiwanese people, many misunderstanding and conflicts often happened between the early immigrants and the local habitants. There are many relevant studies discussing the living problems of those foreign and Chinese brides, but it is rare to see studies about their rights and obligations. This research applies the theory of ¡§funnel of causality¡¨ (Campbell, Converse, Millers & Strokes) to explore the voting behavior of the foreign and Chinese brides. The main concept of the theory is to regard party identification as a long-term and constant attitude factor. Therefore, it thought that party identification is the determinant affecting the voting decision, while the candidate orientation is only a short-term factor to influence the voting decision, and such decision is emotional and lacking of rational judgement. As to issue orientation, it has only limited influence on the decisions of voters, but in the wake of the gradual declination of the voters¡¦ party identification, ¡§candidate orientation¡¨ and ¡§issue orientation¡¨ turn to be the primary factors to influence the voters¡¦ decisions. This study uses party identification, candidate orientation, electoral issue, and political socialization as the four observable variants and carries out questionnaire investigation by using the quantified statistics. The results of the statistical analysis found that, in cognition of voters¡¦ voting behavior, political party preference is not a factor to influence the voting behavior, nor the Candidate¡¦s qualification creates notable differences. However, it was found that the foreign and Mainland China spouses paid much attention to the political views of candidates. The more they integrate into Taiwan¡¦s society, the more recognition of Taiwan they have. In view of the low voting turnout rate, this study proposes that the government should enhance the electoral advertising and promotion in order to increase the voting turnout rate. Furthermore, the government should show more concern about the foreign and Chinese brides and combine the power of the local communities to enable those foreign spouses to melt into Taiwan¡¦s society earlier and further to exercise and fulfill their rights and obligations. Finally, it is hope that the government may treat all Mainland China spouses and foreign spouses equally without discrimination, and help the Mainland China spouses to get their identify cards soon as the foreign spouses do. In this way, those foreign and Mainland China spouses will enjoy the same basic human rights as the local people, contribute their share toward Taiwan, and never be the underprivileged group in this society any more. Keywords: Foreign bride, voting behavior, political socialization

The education of immigrant children is a persistent concern in many western countries. Taiwan has begun to face this challenge in the last decade. The immigrants in this context are mostly females from Southeast Asia and mainland China, on the basis of marriage to a Taiwanese resident. Since Taiwanese society holds a prejudice against them, the children born to foreign mothers are believed to have a negative impact on the quality of the Taiwanese population and to create particular educational problems. The study employs an interpretive approach combining components of international comparison and policy research. Within this qualitative methodology, mixed methods were used to collect data and gain multiple understandings of the phenomenon in Taiwan. These methods of document analysis, semi-structured interviews and participant observation of foreign mothers’ communities, along with a documentary review of the UK experience of educational policy for immigrant children from the 1960s onwards, provide a comparative perspective that has considerable reference value for Taiwan. It was found that the children of immigrant mothers in Taiwan do not appear to underachieve or fall behind, in contrast to the prejudice held by Taiwanese society. The study also explores the characteristics of disadvantage of children born to immigrant mothers. Through the comparative historical review of the UK and Taiwan, the study also found that when people are faced with different cultures, their attitudes appear to move through in a similar process of adjustment which interacts with and responds to policy formulation. In addition, some recommendations for educational policy for children of immigrant mothers in Taiwan are discussed. The study proposes that learning plural mother tongues is a means to improve these children’s self-identity, allowing them to develop bilingual advantages and contribute to the country’s competitiveness.

近年來中國籍與外籍配偶家庭快速的增加，成為台灣社會備受到關注的一個新興議題。面對日益普遍的台灣外籍配偶現象，本文以2001年至2005年台灣各縣市的追蹤資料，並以固定效果模型分別針對整體、中國籍以及東南亞籍外籍女性配偶進行估計，來檢驗影響台灣外籍女性配偶規模的決定因素。總體而言，本文發現台灣外籍配偶現象已相當普遍，在經濟高度發展下，選擇外籍配偶並不只侷限在發展相對落後的地區。 此外，薪資所得高低會影響外籍配偶的規模，即表示多數的外籍配偶家庭經濟情況屬於中低階層，與一般社會大眾認知相同。而失業率與整體外籍配偶規模的估計結果呈現負相關，亦即失業率越高的地區，外籍配偶規模越小。顯示在失業率居高不下的情形下，降低台灣男性結婚的動機，以及外籍配偶來台意願。但是東南亞籍的外籍配偶在失業率高的地方規模較大，與本文實證變數假設相符。 最後，由模型的固定效果與時間效果分析可知，各縣市間並無顯著的特質效果影響外籍配偶的規模，也就是說外籍配偶的現象在台灣已經相當普遍。而由時間效果來看，外籍配偶的熱潮近兩年來有顯著趨緩的現象，這是否意味著外籍配偶所帶來之社會問題層出不窮，帶給民眾過多的負面印象，使得未婚男性對於選擇外籍配偶有所保留，值得後續研究來檢驗。 / In recent years, foreign bride has become a new issue, and there are more and more families with foreign brides in Taiwan. This study adopts fixed-effect model to investigate the determinants of foreign bride’s scale in Taiwan with 23 regions’ panel data during the period of 2001-2005. The result shows the phenomenon of foreign bride is general in Taiwan society. In addition, wage and unemployment rate are the most important factors to affect foreign bride’s scale in Taiwan. Wage reflects the living standard, and most families with foreign brides in Taiwan are bottom feeders. Furthermore, unemployment rage has a negative relationship to foreign bride’s scale in Taiwan, and the amount of foreign bride has a decreasing trend. Finally, in order to reduce the mistakes occurred in positive models and enable the study more rigorous, then uses more methods to the models and the result.