D.Comm. (Economic and Management Sciences) / The objective of this thesis was to examine the dynamics of Mexico's external economic relations during the period 1968-1995. Since the early seventies, the workings of the international monetary system has been governed Illore by implicit rules and conventions based on sound market principles than rules as were the case under the fixed exchange rate system of Bretton Woods. These "rules of the game" dictated that if a country wanted to be part of the global village and reap the benefits thereof, such a country should adhere to market forces and administer its monetary-fiscal policy in such a way as to ensure that the delicate balance between the domestic and international economic environment is maintained. In the event of a deviation from these rules, a country, in this instance Mexico, would fmd itself in a .position where it is heavily penalised for not playing according to the rules of the game. Starting in 1976, the Mexican economy was characterised by ongoing exchange rate crises, which seemed to be a recurring phenomenon repeating itself more or less every six years. Time and again a misalignment in Mexico's monetary-fiscal policy led to a build-up of pressures and tensions in the external accounts of the country, especially the balance of payments and eventually disruption of the economic growth process and relations with the external world. The Mexican economy was time and again subject to a rapidly growing current account deficit, rising external foreign debt, a rising overall fiscal deficit fuelled by - xiii - expansionary government expenditure policies and the slavish adherence to a fixed exchange rate regime. The growing fiscal deficit was in all instances financed by either increased short-term, highly volatile portfolio capital, or a depletion of the country's gold and foreign reserve holdings. The discovery of large oil reserves in 1978 lessened the need for structural adjustment and the following of more prudent policy measures. Rising domestic inflation and the fixed exchange rate gave rise to an ongoing real appreciation of the peso, which undermined the competitiveness of the domestic economy and distorted the balance between domestic savings and consumption. The appreciation of the peso and the high import propensity of the domestic households led to sharp increases in imports and rather static export earnings. The vulnerability of the domestic economy was exacerbated by developments in the country's external environment. These exogenous shocks took the form of either a decline in the international oil-prices and/or a more hostile international financing environment characterised by higher .interest rates and stricter borrowing requirements. The combination of domestic financial tensions and negative developments in the country's external environment were often, especially in 1994, accompanied by domestic political upheavals. . Time and again the apparent unsustainable domestic and external disparities and the heavy reliance on speculative foreign funding led to a change in investor views of the future of the Mexican peso. Capital flights and continued speculation eventually led to a situation where the authorities could no longer manage to maintain the parity of the peso. The market subsequently forced a devaluation and/or depreciation of the peso. The exchange rate crises of 1976, 1982, 1986-87 and 1994 appear to have been the result of a monetary-fiscal policy stance in which the government played a relatively central role. The role of the government and its hold over the Bank of Mexico led to a situation where the Mexican economy was out of touch with developments in its external economic and financial environment. Interesting though, is the way in which the government, especially the Salinas administration, refused to follow a more marketoriented macroeconomic policy with reference to the exchange rate regime and monetary-fiscal policy in general. As the events that led to the collapse of the peso in - XIV - 1994 unfolded, it became evident that the overvalued peso was maintained solely for non-economic reasons. The manner in which the new Zedillo administration reacted to the sharp depreciation of the peso in 1994and 1995 greatly influenced the further deterioration of the peso and Mexico's international position. The main objective of the international assistance provided to Mexico by the United States, the International Monetary Fun~ and other international institutions during the course of 1995 was to underpin the continued deterioration of the peso and the overall well-being of the Mexican economy. Although the Mexican authorities are bound by the conditions tied to the foreign fmancial assistance provided and are at this stage following a more market-oriented, less regulated economic policy, it remains to be seen whether the authorities will in future adhere more closely to the rules of the game of the international monetary system as embodied in the conventions dictated by the global village market.

D.Comm. / The objective of this thesis was to examine the dynamics of Mexico's external economic relations during the period 1968-1995. Since the early seventies, the workings of the international monetary system has been governed more by implicit rules and conventions based on sound market principles than rules as were the case under the fixed exchange rate system of Bretton Woods. These "rules of the game" dictated that if a country wanted to be part of the global village and reap the benefits thereof, such a country should adhere to market forces and administer its monetary-fiscal policy in such a way as to ensure that the delicate balance between the domestic and international economic environment is maintained. In the event of a deviation from these rules, a country, in this instance Mexico, would find itself in a position where it is heavily penalised for not playing according to the rules of the game. Starting in 1976, the Mexican economy was characterised by ongoing exchange rate crises, which seemed to be a recurring phenomenon repeating itself more or less every six years. Time and again a misalignment in Mexico's monetary-fiscal policy led to a build-up of pressures and tensions in the external accounts of the country, especially the balance of payments and eventually disruption of the economic growth process and relations with the external world.

by Lau Chun Fai. / Thesis (MPhil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-115). / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- TRADE CONNECTIONS ACROSS THE STRAIT / Chapter 2.1 --- Overview --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Indirect exports from Taiwan to the Mainland via Hong Kong --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Indirect exports from the Mainland to Taiwan via Hong Kong --- p.11 / Chapter 2.4 --- Hong Kong's transshipment of Taiwan origin to the Mainland --- p.14 / Chapter 2.5 --- Hong Kong's transshipments of the Mainland origin to Taiwan --- p.22 / Chapter 2.6 --- Comparison between transshipment and re-export --- p.26 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- THE ECONOMICS OF TRADE BETWEEN MAINLAND AND TAIWAN / Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- Comparative advantage of Taiwan and the Mainland --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- The revealed comparative advantage as from the trade between Taiwan and the Mainland --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4 --- Some paradoxes --- p.45 / Chapter 3.5 --- Potential trade pattern --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6 --- Trade diversion potential --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- CONSEQUENCES ON DOMESTIC PRODUCTIONS / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2 --- Evaluating industrial impacts: the methodology --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3 --- Data source --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4 --- Industrial impacts upon Mainland China --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5 --- Industrial impacts upon Taiwan --- p.72 / Chapter 4.6 --- Policy evaluation --- p.84 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- CONCLUSION --- p.88 / APPENDICES --- p.91 / REFERENCE --- p.112

Chung, Lok Wai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-271). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / --- p.i / Acknowledgments/ --- p.iii / Table of Content / --- p.iv / List of Tables / --- p.ix / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Theoretical background --- p.2 / Chapter 2. --- Research questions --- p.6 / Chapter 3. --- Explanatory Variables and Hypothesis: --- p.7 / Chapter 4. --- Main Findings --- p.9 / Chapter 5. --- Research methodology --- p.10 / Chapter 6. --- Research significance --- p.11 / Chapter 7. --- Structure of the thesis --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter One: --- Literature Review --- p.15 / Chapter 1. --- Debate between ideas and interests in International Relations --- p.16 / Chapter 1.1. --- Conceptualization --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2. --- How idea affects policy: three pathways? --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3. --- Interest matter? --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4. --- How is it formed? --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5. --- End of idealism and rationalism debate? --- p.23 / Chapter 2. --- Debate between epistemic community with other communities --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1. --- How expert group works --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Uncertainty --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Cause and effect relationships --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.3. --- Define self-interests --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1.4. --- Formulate policy --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2. --- Difference between epistemic community with other groups --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3. --- How to affect policy --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4. --- Transnational Advocacy Network --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.1. --- What is network --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.2. --- What is transnationalism --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4.3. --- What is transnational advocacy network? --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.4. --- How Transnational Advocacy Network works? --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.5. --- What conditions do advocacy networks have influence? --- p.46 / Chapter 3. --- Application to the North Korea case --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- North Korea Economy: General Review and Trend Development --- p.50 / Chapter 1. --- History of North Korea --- p.50 / Chapter 2. --- Overview: From 50s to 2002 --- p.52 / Chapter 1.1. --- Economic Philosophy: Juche --- p.53 / Chapter 1.2. --- 70-80s --- p.55 / Chapter 1.3. --- After the Cold War --- p.56 / Chapter 1.4. --- Famine: 1995 --- p.58 / Chapter 1.5. --- 2002 Reform --- p.58 / Chapter 1.5.1. --- Prices rising and increase in wages based on performance --- p.60 / Chapter 1.5.2. --- Enhancement of self-management of enterprises --- p.61 / Chapter 1.5.3. --- Devaluation of exchange rate --- p.62 / Chapter 1.5.4. --- Farm reform --- p.62 / Chapter 1.5.5. --- Attracting foreign direct investment --- p.63 / Chapter 3. --- North Korean Economy in 2005-2007 --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1 --- Lack of substantial changes --- p.64 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Slow down the rapid change --- p.64 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Focus on security/nuclear issue --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Adverse feedback from the July Reform --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2. --- Detrimental Economic Situation --- p.70 / Chapter 4. --- Conclusion --- p.71 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- EU-DPRK Relations: From Governmental to Non-Governmental … --- p.73 / Chapter 1. --- EU-Asia Relations: In general --- p.73 / Chapter 2. --- EU-DPRK: Historical review --- p.76 / Chapter 2.1. --- Cold War Era --- p.76 / Chapter 2.2. --- Post Cold War era --- p.78 / Chapter 2.3. --- After 9-11 --- p.80 / Chapter 3. --- EU-DPRK Relations: Governmental Level --- p.82 / Chapter 3.1. --- EU Perspective --- p.82 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Motives --- p.82 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Strategy: Quiet and Engagement diplomacy --- p.83 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Political perspective --- p.85 / Chapter 3.1.3.1. --- Political dialogue --- p.85 / Chapter 3.1.3.2. --- Diplomatic recognition --- p.87 / Chapter 3.1.3.3. --- Nuclear and security problem --- p.88 / Chapter 3.1.4. --- Economic perspective --- p.89 / Chapter 3.1.4.1. --- Trade --- p.89 / Chapter 3.1.4.2. --- Economic Assistance --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.4.3. --- Food aid --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.4.4. --- Technological Transfer --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2. --- DPRK Perspective --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Motives --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Strategy: Pragmatic but gradually open --- p.98 / Chapter 3.2.2.1. --- Pragmatic policy --- p.98 / Chapter 3.2.2.2. --- Open Policy --- p.100 / Chapter 4. --- EU-DPRK relations: Non-Governmental Level --- p.103 / Chapter 4.1. --- NGOs and North Korea --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2. --- Humanitarian NGOs in North Korea --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Period: 1995-1998 --- p.106 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Period: 1998 -1999 --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Period: 1998 to present --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3. --- Debate among European NGOs: Hard-landing vs. Change through Rapproachment? --- p.111 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.114 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Pushing the envelope: new forms of political advocacy generated by NGOs: analysis on the two EU-DPRK Workshops organized by the Friedrich Naumann Foundation --- p.116 / Chapter 1. --- FNF and the expert group generated by it --- p.117 / Chapter 1.1. --- Shared Normative and Principled Belief --- p.119 / Chapter 1.2. --- Shared Causal Belief --- p.122 / Chapter 1.3. --- Shared Notions of Validity --- p.125 / Chapter 1.4. --- A Common Policy Enterprise --- p.126 / Chapter 2. --- "Experts groups in FNF matters: How did the ideas developed, transferred and influenced the policymakers in North Korea" --- p.128 / Chapter 2.1. --- Transnational actor characteristics --- p.131 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Participants of the expert group --- p.131 / Chapter 2.1.1.1. --- Workshop in 2004 --- p.132 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Consensus among community members --- p.134 / Chapter 2.1.3. --- Density among members --- p.136 / Chapter 2.1.4. --- Resources of FNF --- p.137 / Chapter 2.2. --- The specific need of policy suggestion from North Korea --- p.140 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- The existence of uncertainty --- p.141 / Chapter 2.3. --- Communication Process --- p.145 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Networking Building --- p.145 / Chapter 2.3.1.1. --- Seminar --- p.145 / Chapter 2.3.1.2. --- Study Tour/ Training seminar --- p.147 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Channels --- p.149 / Chapter 2.3.2.1. --- Conference --- p.149 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Presentation --- p.151 / Chapter 2.3.2.3. --- General Discussion and working groups --- p.152 / Chapter 2.3.2.4. --- Field Visit --- p.154 / Chapter 2.3.2.5. --- Lunch/Coffee Break and Dinner --- p.155 / Chapter 2.4. --- Institutionalization of advice --- p.155 / Chapter 2.5. --- Communication strategies --- p.158 / Chapter 2.6. --- Policies recommendation and ideas shared during the two conferences --- p.160 / Chapter 2.6.1. --- Workshop on Economic Reforms and the Development of Economic Relations between the EU and the DPRK (31 August to 4 September 2004) --- p.160 / Chapter 2.6.2. --- Second Workshop on Economic Reform and the Development of Economic Relations between the EU and the DPRK (12-14 October 2005) --- p.171 / Chapter 3. --- Conclusion --- p.188 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- The Distinctive Path of North Korean Reform and the Policy Impacts of the Expert Group --- p.190 / Chapter 1. --- Similarities between North Korea and Central and Eastern Europe --- p.190 / Chapter 2. --- From ideas to policy: What are policy impacts from the expert group to the North Korea economic reform? --- p.195 / Chapter 2.1 --- IT and software development --- p.195 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Case one: Nosotek --- p.196 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Case two: Pyongyang International Technology and Infrastructure Exhibition (PITIE) 2006 --- p.198 / Chapter 2.2. --- The strengthening of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs)in mining industry --- p.200 / Chapter 2.3. --- Policies to attract FDI --- p.204 / Chapter 2.4. --- Legal development --- p.205 / Chapter 2.4.1. --- Case one: Pyongyang Law Office --- p.206 / Chapter 2.4.2. --- Case two: Birindelli & Associati --- p.207 / Chapter 2.4.3. --- "Law on the Assessment of Environmental Effects in North Korea (Mar. 10, 2006)" --- p.208 / Chapter 2.5. --- Trade fairs --- p.210 / Chapter 2.5.1. --- The Pyongyang Autumn International Trade Fair (PAITT) 2006-2008 --- p.211 / Chapter 3. --- Conclusion --- p.212 / Conclusion: --- p.214 / Chapter 1. --- Research Implications --- p.215 / Chapter 1.1. --- Revisit the debate between scholarship and policy-making in Political Science --- p.215 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Bridge-Building Perspective --- p.216 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Independence Perspective --- p.218 / Chapter 1.2. --- Revisit of the theory of epistemic community and transnational advocacy network --- p.221 / Chapter 1.3. --- Re-examine the debate between shock therapy and gradualism --- p.223 / Chapter 1.4. --- Re-evaluate the importance of EU on North Korea --- p.225 / Chapter 2. --- Conclusion --- p.227 / Appendix 1: Participants of the two EU-DPRK Workshops --- p.229 / Appendix 2: Debate between shock therapy and gradualism approach in economic transformation --- p.240 / Chapter 1. --- Shock therapy --- p.241 / Chapter 1.1. --- Agent analysis --- p.242 / Chapter 1.2. --- Programs analysis --- p.243 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Price liberalization --- p.243 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Privatization --- p.243 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Institutional design --- p.244 / Chapter 1.2.4. --- Monetary policy --- p.245 / Chapter 1.2.5. --- Fiscal Policy --- p.245 / Chapter 1.2.6. --- International trade --- p.246 / Chapter 1.3. --- Ideas analysis --- p.247 / Chapter 2. --- Gradualism --- p.249 / Chapter 2.1. --- Agent analysis --- p.250 / Chapter 2.2. --- Progress analysis --- p.251 / Bibliography --- p.254

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University of Macau / Faculty of Law

by Chong Hong Sang. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-104). / APPROVAL PAGE --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES --- p.viii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.x / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / China's Economic Reform --- p.1 / China's Foreign Trade Performance --- p.3 / China's Trading Partners --- p.3 / Industry/Commodity Composition --- p.4 / Geographical Trade Performance --- p.5 / Joint-venture's Share in China Trade --- p.6 / China's Negotiation in Joining WTO --- p.7 / Importance of China's Foreign Trade to Hong Kong --- p.7 / Objectives of the Study --- p.8 / Scope of the Study --- p.9 / Methodology --- p.10 / Chapter II. --- AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA'S FOREIGN TRADE REGIME --- p.11 / China's Foreign Trade Reform --- p.11 / China's Foreign Trade Policy --- p.14 / Administration of Foreign Trade --- p.17 / Foreign Exchange Management --- p.21 / Chapter III. --- AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA'S FOREIGN TRADE PRACTICES --- p.23 / The Agency System --- p.23 / Contracts --- p.24 / Trade Partners --- p.24 / Trade Contacts and Negotiation --- p.25 / Payment --- p.27 / Transportation --- p.28 / Insurance --- p.29 / Inspection --- p.30 / Arbitration --- p.30 / Chapter IV. --- SURVEY AND SURVEY FINDINGS --- p.32 / Survey --- p.32 / Response Rate --- p.33 / Limitation --- p.34 / Survey Results --- p.35 / Chapter V. --- "OPPORTUNITIES, PROBLEMS, AND STRATEGIES FOR CHINA TRADERS" --- p.70 / Opportunities --- p.70 / Problems --- p.71 / Strategies --- p.72 / Chapter VI. --- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS --- p.74 / APPENDICES / Chapter 1. --- STATISTICAL TABLES --- p.76 / Chapter 2. --- QUESTIONNAIRE --- p.95 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.101

Law, Wai Hin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-109). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / Table of Content / List of Abbreviation / Preface / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Aim of Study / Chapter 1.2 --- Theoretical approach / Chapter 1.3 --- Methodology / Chapter 1.4 --- Significance / Chapter Chapter Two --- Theory / Chapter 2.1 --- International Political Economy (IPE) / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mainstream IPE / Chapter 2.1.2 --- New IPE / Chapter 2.2 --- About theorizing change of the Greater Pearl River Delta / Chapter 2.3 --- Region / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Globalization / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Regional integration / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Regional integration in East Asia / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Sub-regional integration in East Asia / Chapter 2.4 --- National and sub-national Politics and centre-local relation: China / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary / Chapter Chapter Three --- Substantive Focus: the integration of the GPRD from the early 1980s to2004 / Chapter 3.1 --- The integration of Hong Kong/Macau and the Pearl River Delta before / Chapter 3.2 --- A period of break between 1997-2001 / Chapter 3.3 --- A new phase of development starting from 2002 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Evaluation of New International Political Economy / Chapter Chapter Five --- Conclusion

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