<p>Thirty years after it has achieved its independence, the Republic of Chad, which has faced a long political instability, decided to exploit its oil resources in order to achieve its development objectives. Owing to the difficulties encountered in mobilizing financial resources for the realization of the project, the Government obtained from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) a loan US$39.5 millions. The loan Agreement, signed between the two parties on 29 March 2001 included a provision referring to the Petroleum Revenue Management Program, described in schedule 5 of the Agreement. This Petroleum Revenue Management Program imposed a number of obligations, related to the actions to be undertaken by the Chadian Government prior to the release of the funds by the Bank, and to the modalities to be followed in the course of the management of the oil revenues. These obligations are also known as governance conditionalities. This theses raised the issues of the legitimacy of the Bank's Governance conditionality, its impact on both the sovereignty of the borrower to freely determine the use of its resources and the effectiveness of the loan.</p>

by Lum Ka-Yee. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-37). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- REFORM OF LEGAL SYSTEM --- p.5 / Stages of legal reform --- p.6 / Legal framework --- p.9 / Features of legal system --- p.12 / Chapter III. --- ROLES OF LEGAL INSTITUTION --- p.16 / Institutionalization of economic reform --- p.16 / Protection of property rights of foreign investors --- p.17 / Reduction of transaction costs --- p.19 / Catalyst of changes within the legal organization --- p.23 / Catalyst of informal institutional changes --- p.24 / Chapter IV. --- PROBLEMS OF LEGAL SYSTEM --- p.26 / Incomplete legal framework --- p.26 / Lack of transparency in approval --- p.27 / Lack of consistency --- p.29 / Enforceability of law and contracts --- p.30 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION --- p.32 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.34

by Leung Chui Yuk, Wu Peng. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-59). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Development of Banking System in China --- p.1 / Highlighted Banking Reform --- p.5 / History of Foreign Banks in China --- p.6 / Foreign Banks in Old Days (1845-1955) --- p.6 / Foreign Banks New Age (1979-Present) --- p.10 / Chapter II. --- CURRENT STATUS OF FOREIGN BANKS IN CHINA --- p.14 / Growing Representative Offices and Branches --- p.14 / Nationality Distribution of Foreign Banks --- p.16 / City Distribution of Foreign Banks --- p.17 / Small Asset Scale --- p.19 / Low Loan and Deposit Balances --- p.23 / High Loan / Deposit Ratios --- p.24 / Low Non-performing Loans --- p.26 / High Return on Assets --- p.28 / Better Educated Employees --- p.29 / Chapter III. --- FOREIGN BANK LAWS IN CHINA --- p.31 / PRC - Foreign-Funded Financial Institutions Regulations --- p.33 / Major Changes --- p.35 / Chapter IV. --- STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES OF FOREIGN BANKS --- p.40 / Strengths --- p.40 / Weaknesses --- p.42 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION --- p.47 / Roadblocks Still Exists --- p.47 / Bigger Becomes Bigger --- p.48 / Fight for the High-end Corporate Customers --- p.48 / Target the Rich --- p.49 / Win Strategic Location --- p.49 / Branches Too Expensive --- p.50 / Electronic Banking as Alternative --- p.50 / M&A as Effective Strategy --- p.51 / Expansion to Other Financial Sectors --- p.51 / APPENDIX --- p.53 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.56

published_or_final_version / Law / Master / Master of Philosophy

This thesis focuses on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Angola and on constraints encountered by investors. It discusses the new Investment Law, resulting from a comprehensive law reform in 2003, as well as investment incentives destined to attract FDI into the territory, furthermore: the legal definitions of FDI and of &ldquo / Investor&rdquo / the Angolan private international law / the main constraints (investment barriers) encountered by investors, after and before entering the Angolan territory / the legal protection afforded to investors, and some examples of FDI and their implications in Angola.<br /> <br /> The author also analyses investment and intra-trade within the Sub-Saharan region, Angola under modes 3 and 4 of GATS, and other aspects of foreign (as well as private) investment, including on what has been done and what should still be achieved under the SADC Trade, Finance and Investment Protocol from 2005 onwards. This analysis, it is hoped, will contribute to the better understanding of the implications and benefits of FDI in Angola, considering the recent increase of inflows of FDI, as well, as to what extent and how the Government should continue to control and direct, as well as encourage FDI. To conclude, the impact (positive -negative) of FDI in the Angolan society, economy and for the environment will be discussed. Together with the chapters describing the legal framework for FDI, these parts are intended to provide a better insight into the legal, economic and social background for investing and for doing business in Angola, and what type of protection investors can expect from the country, whilst information and academic materials on this subject matter continue to be scarce and difficult to access.

The aim of this examination was to identify those evolving trends that are common to multilateral agreements some of which have been entered into by African developing countries, bearing in mind the debates and position of African developing countries. The study also aimed at examining the effects of these regulations on African countries especially with key provisions and the kinds of rights and obligations they confer on investors as well as the host country. As there is a need to create a balance between the interest of the host nation and the investor, the study also aimed at identifying if those evolving common trends can be used to establish a guideline for a standard bilateral investment treaty or on the other hand whether they can be used as a template for a multilateral agreement on investment.

This Dissertation lays the groundwork for a private law theory of international investment law (IIL). This project intervenes in a polarized debate on the nature of the global investment regime. With few exceptions, the scholarship has tended to divide sharply according to stylized visions of IIL as either a system of private, commercial law, or a system of public law. The “commercial law school” tends to be associated with a thick, capital-centric vision of IIL – one that emphasizes insulating private interests from foreign state action. Scholars and practitioners in this vein tend to be apologists for the system, or advocates of only minimal structural reforms. By contrast, the “public law school,” tends to be associated with a thin vision of IIL, highly deferential to national sovereignty, where private interests take a back seat to bona fide national regulatory policy. Its adherents tend to style themselves as critics and reformers, decrying how the status quo seems to have sacrificed national regulatory autonomy at the altar of global capital. While the commercial lawyers have been far too dismissive of the threat posed by IIL to domestic public values, the public lawyers risk losing sight of the values states seek to achieve through IIL in the first place – the promotion of sorely needed foreign direct investment (FDI) and the protection of FDI providers. The debate thus far has proceeded mostly in caricature, and something important has been lost: the possibility of a nuanced system of international private law, sensitive to both the sovereign state’s public values and the private rights and interests of foreign investors whose protection is central to the object and purpose of the regime. These Chapters seek to fill that lacuna.

No description available.

Submitted as Ph.D thesis. Bibliography: leaves 225-235.

This thesis examines the role(s) of pluralism and the multiculturalism/monoculturalism binary within Islamophobia in the United States and the nations of Western Europe. It analyzes the history of Muslims in Western Europe in order to better understand the relationship between native Europeans and Muslims immigrants, then comparing this relationship to Americans and the Muslim immigrants to the United States.