Due to the rampant growth in the number and high similarity of banking activities, the competition among national banks has become vigorous in recent years. At the same time the foreign banks, with advantage of their international experience in diversified operation and management, bring in even more contesting pressure on the domestic banks. Therefore, expanding business arena overseas has become an alternative policy for domestic banks. Presently the overseas branches of our domestic banks are mainly located in the Asia-Pacific countries, such as Hong Kong, Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia and Singapore. The current studies were thus conducted to compare operation strategies between domestic banks and foreign banks in Hong Kong, where our domestic banks have established numerous branches. A general introduction was made about the banking development in Hong Kong area in the first part of my study. Two banks were selected for case studies: Fubon Bank Hong Kong (representative of domestic bank) and CitiBank Hong Kong (representative foreign bank). The similarity/differences and respective advantages/disadvantages were summarized in the aspects of their entry and market positioning strategies. The results showed no absolute ideal entry strategy, but rather depended on the market positioning and operation policy of the enterprise. In terms of products, both cases displayed similar product line while the novelty of products became the key to success. Nevertheless, CitiBank prevailed as far as brand name is concerned. Both banks possess comparable network dimension in Hong Kong. Finally we suggest the following principles for those who intend to establish branches in Hong Kong, or destine China and other overseas territories through Hong Kong: (1) Acquire the small and medium banks in Hong Kong or create strategic alliances (2) Put equal emphasis on enterprise financing and consumer financing (3) Take advantage of local resources and fulfill local needs (4) Integrate financial information of Mainland China and Hong Kong

Financial integration has been at the centre of a wide debate, especially with respect to its effects on stability, inequality and welfare. This thesis presents an empirical investigation on the relationship between financial integration and macroeconomic volatility. The present study takes advantage of the publication of a new database on integration in the banking industry, and estimates its effects on the volatility of output and consumption, on a set of 136 countries over the years 1996 to 2009, using regions and country fixed effects. The analysis focuses on the effect of foreign bank presence on macroeconomic volatility, and as a further application, on the effect of foreign bank assets on macroeconomic volatility. Furthermore, the present study will determine whether the findings change for Central and Eastern European Countries and the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The main finding is that foreign bank presence is significantly related to the volatility of output, but it is not related to the volatility of private consumption growth. The original contribution of this paper is to empirically analyse data on foreign bank presence as proxies for financial integration, and to relate them to the volatility of output and consumption.

<p>Diss. Stockholm :  Stockholm School of Economics, 2013. Introduction together with 4 papers.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisors: Russell Cooper and Beatrix Paal. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

本論文將內容分為兩部分，第一部份是彙整現有關於’外銀進駐’的文 獻，將焦點集中於國外許多研究者致力探討的4個主題。本論文的第二部 分則陳述了外國銀行於18個已開發國家及38個開發中國家之當地銀行市場 滲入比率的實證，也提供了外國銀行之營運如何迥異於本國銀行的一些證 據。這些差異可能反映了外銀與本國銀行有不同的customer base、不同的bank procedures(常規、做法)以及面對不同的法規和稅制。本論文最 重要的發現是：在已開發中國家，本國銀行相較於外國銀行傾向有較高的 interest margins、profitability、Overhead、以及Loan Loss Provisioning；而在開發中國家，本國銀行相較於外國銀行亦有較高的 interest margins、Overhead、以及Loan Loss Provisioning，但本國銀行在獲利上仍比不上外銀。 有趣的現象是外國進入者的數目(非size)才是能夠影響本國銀行市場的決 定性因素。這顯示了外國銀行於進駐後立即引起當地銀行之競爭，而非在 取得足夠大的market share之後。

L'ouverture du secteur bancaire chinois apporte des opportunités de coopération aux institutions financières étrangères en Chine. Dans ce contexte, les banques à capitaux étrangers participent par actions dans des banques chinoises pour renforcer leur développement local.Nous avons remarqué des influences sur la banque chinoise après l'introduction de leurs investisseurs stratégiques occidentaux. Notre recherche dans son ensemble vise à analyser et à évaluer les éléments clés de l'évolution dans des banques chinoises. Les questions sont formulées autour des principaux problèmes des créances douteuses, de la faible rentabilité, de l'insuffisance du capital et du manque de la culture de crédit. Ces quatre pistes de réflexion nous permettent d'offrir un cadre opératoire à la disposition des dirigeants des banques à capitaux étrangers qui désirent jouer un rôle important dans l'amélioration des exploitation de leur partenaire chinois. / The opening of the Chinese bank sector brings co-operation opportunities to the foreign financial institutions in China. In this context, the foreign banks take part by holding stock in Chinese banks to strengthen their local development.We have noticed the influences on the Chinese banks after the introduction of their western strategic investors. Our research as a whole aims at analyzing and at evaluating the key elements of the evolution in Chinese banks. The assumptions are formulated around the principal problems of the Non Performing Loans, the low profitability, the insufficiency of the capital and the lack of the culture of credit. These four tracks of reflexion enable us to offer an operational framework for the leaders of the foreign banks which wish to play an important part in the improvement of their Chinese partner.

This thesis aims to study the banking characteristics of the parent bank of foreign banks and the influence of the economic environment of the home country on the credit risk of subsidiaries. The study collected a data set of 32 foreign banks in eight CEE countries (joining the EU in 2004) from 2009 to 2020 and conducted an empirical analysis using a fixed-effect panel regression model. Credit risk (NPL) is used as the dependent variable, and the explanatory variable is divided into four groups according to the home country and host country, the bank level, and the macroeconomic level. The regression results show that the profitability of the parent bank has a negative impact, while the liquidity, size, capital, and credit risk of the parent bank has a positive impact on the credit risk of the subsidiary. Moreover, the inflation in the country where the parent bank is located has a negative influence on the credit risk of the subsidiary, while the GDP growth and unemployment rate in the country where the parent bank is located leads to an increase in credit risk. These results show that international risk is transferred from the parent country to the host country through a new channel for foreign banks. Key words: credit risk, fixed effects model, CEE countries, banking sytem, foreign bank