This research examines the nature and impact of financial repression in the Trinidad and Tobago economy using cointegration time series techniques and disequilibrium econometrics. While the former is employed to estimate the impact on savings, investment and growth, the latter is mainly used to test whether the characteristics which depict a financially repressed economy are present in Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago has not previously been the subject of such a study, and neither estimation methods have been used to investigate financial repression. While the real interest has been most frequently used to measure financial repression, six proxies are utilised in this study: the real interest rate; dummy variables; commercial banks' reserve requirement; inflation; the difference between the domestic and the foreign interest rate and a variable to measure the overvaluation of a country's currency. With respect to the latter there are two definitions: the difference between the official and the blackmarket exchange rate and the degree of exchange rate misalignment. The results using real interest rates and inflation measures of financial repression suggest that while liberalisation cannot be seen as the solution to increasing savings and investment it may promote economic growth. When all the other proxies are examined the impact of financial repression on the economy is negative albeit statistically insignificant in most instances. There is some indication that exchange rate should be devalued so as to reduce exchange rate misalignment and reduce the widening gap between the official and blackmarket rate. On the basis of these results the McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis cannot be rejected. However the results when inflation and real interest rates are the relevant proxies for financial repression as well as the low significance levels of other proxies, ought to serve as warning signals to avoid implementing drastic liberalisation measures too quickly.

There has been concern on the part of Nigerians, in particular, and Africans, in general, as to who is controlling the economic activities in Nigeria and Africa. This concern has caused some governments in Africa to initiate laws and regulations that tilt toward the encouragement of Africans to invest or buy shares in areas that are known to be controlled by foreign investors. This study examines the extent and the impact of direct private foreign investment in Nigeria. Data obtained on Nigeria and other African countries were employed. The result suggests that there is foreign investment in the major economic activities in Nigeria and that the inflow foreign investment has not helped the economic development of Nigeria.

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In this paper, it attempts to investigate whether corporate governance affects foreign investment or not. Furthermore, it also wants to detect what factors influence the percentage of foreign investment. Some hypotheses for corporate governance and foreign investment are developed in this study. Multi-regression models are conducted to test the relationship between corporate governance factors and foreign investment. The results of multi-regression models indicate that higher corporate transparency, bigger companies and companies with lower liability ratio attract more foreign investment. Moreover, companies held by big stockholders have higher percentage of foreign investment; on the contrary, family-owned firms are not preferred by foreign investors. In addition, foreign investors like to invest in firms having more independent directors. Furthermore, companies having GDR (Global Deposit Receipt) or ECB (Euro Convertible Bond) do increase the percentage of foreign investment. This paper also utilized the logistic regression to test what corporate governance factors act on the willingness of issuing GDR and ECB. As a result, it finds that company size, liability ratio and percentage of stocks held by owner¡¦s family all have impact on whether the company issue GDR or not. In addition, size and family holding are two significant factors that affect Taiwanese companies to issue ECB. Hence, this paper provides some information for foreign investment in Taiwan.

This Bachelor’s thesis examines if and how the perceptions towards agricultural development differs between small-scale farmers, agricultural advisors and entrepreneurs with various age and level of knowledge. The case study was conducted in Babati District, Tanzania, during three weeks in the spring of 2015. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted, and to analyze the empirical results a theoretical framework was created to explain how poverty traps occur and point at possible strategies to dissolve them. The majority of the respondents expressed that the biggest obstacles and needs for small-scale farmers to be able to develop their farming is lack of capital to invest in inputs and knowledge on how to intensify their land use. The perception towards agricultural development seem to differ between generations, in that young farmers are taking part of new technology and methods when cultivating, unlike the older generation. The respondents’ general attitude towards foreign investments was predominantly negative, arguing that local knowledge is of importance if sustainable agricultural development is to be reached. To ease the agricultural development, increased knowledge on how to intensify the agricultural production and how to organize farmers’ associations is suggested.

Tax incentives have been used by countries to stimulate foreign investment. Few countries doubt the effectiveness of tax incentives. Canada and Indonesia are among the many countries that offer tax incentives to attract investors. While Canada has a long history of using tax incentives to foster the development of the Alberta oil sands, Indonesia is just embarking on this strategy, especially in promoting foreign investment in remote areas. Drawing on the Canadian development of the Alberta oil sands, this thesis asks what lessons Indonesia can learn from that experience in relying on tax incentives to develop the industry. This thesis acknowledges that there are many important differences between Canada and Indonesia. Since most countries speak of using tax incentives to finance their petroleum industries, it is worth examining at least one instance of that strategy and see whether Indonesia can extract any thing of value from this examination.

Tax incentives have been used by countries to stimulate foreign investment. Few countries doubt the effectiveness of tax incentives. Canada and Indonesia are among the many countries that offer tax incentives to attract investors. While Canada has a long history of using tax incentives to foster the development of the Alberta oil sands, Indonesia is just embarking on this strategy, especially in promoting foreign investment in remote areas. Drawing on the Canadian development of the Alberta oil sands, this thesis asks what lessons Indonesia can learn from that experience in relying on tax incentives to develop the industry. This thesis acknowledges that there are many important differences between Canada and Indonesia. Since most countries speak of using tax incentives to finance their petroleum industries, it is worth examining at least one instance of that strategy and see whether Indonesia can extract any thing of value from this examination.

Todo cuidado foi dispensado para respeitar os direitos autorais deste trabalho. Entretanto, caso esta obra aqui depositada seja protegida por direitos autorais externos a esta instituição, contamos com a compreensão do autor e solicitamos que o mesmo faça contato através do Fale Conosco para que possamos tomar as providências cabíveis. / Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2017-08-24T17:45:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 000064497.pdf: 844828 bytes, checksum: c5bbbfd8444424bf54dd2a0f54923a64 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2017-08-24T17:47:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 000064497.pdf: 844828 bytes, checksum: c5bbbfd8444424bf54dd2a0f54923a64 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T17:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000064497.pdf: 844828 bytes, checksum: c5bbbfd8444424bf54dd2a0f54923a64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995-08 / In a model of two open economies with intertemporal optimization, we characterize optimal paths toward convergence and show that the richer country achieves higher utility than it would in autarchy, while the poorer country's convergence toward the steady state is speeded up. However, the short-term effects of free trade and free capital flows on the richer economy are negative in terms of wages and consumption. The richer country will maintain its assets in the poor country indefinitely.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

This master thesis deals with the support of the Bavarian export, especially from the Land of Bavaria and various institutions. The theoretical part describes the usable forms of export opportunities and export promotion policies. In the next section I focus on the distribution of the Bavarian foreign direct investment by country, where they are heading, and vice versa from where the investment are flowing into Bavaria. The thesis particularly focuses on the cooperation of Bavaria and the Czech Republic in terms of mutual economic relations.